Organ rejection antilymphocyte serum. Medical search. Frequent questions

Sir Michael Francis Addison Woodruff, FRS, FRSE, FRCS (3 April 1911 - 10 March 2001) was an English surgeon and scientist principally remembered for his research into organ transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
In countries with established transplant programs, organ transplantation is highly regulated. (britannica.com)
Of particular concern is organ donation , with legal , medical, and social issues surrounding the procurement of organs, without compensation, for transplantation. (britannica.com)
Oral formulations of sirolimus used in organ transplantation are classified in this group, while parenteral formulations used for neoplastic diseases are classified in L01EG. (whocc.no)
Transplantation is the transfer of living cells, tissues, or organs from one person, the donor, to another, the recipient (e.g., a blood transfusion), or from one part of the body to another (e.g., skin grafts) with the goal of restoring a missing function [ 361 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (lookformedical.com)
Thromboxane B2 and lung transplantation: Correlation of rejection with levels detected in bronchoalveolar lavage. (medigraphic.com)
In addition toallograft rejection (a topic covered elsewhere in this series), a multitude of medical complications mark the post-transplantation course. (ersjournals.com)
Liver Transplantation Liver transplantation is the 2nd most common type of solid organ transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)
Almost always, transplantation is done to replace or restore the function of an end-stage diseased organ, thereby restoring an essential function and improving patient survival. (msdmanuals.com)
Some research is ongoing in transplantation of non-human organs, such as heart, kidney and liver transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)
Solid organ transplantation is an important therapeutic option for children with a variety of end stage diseases. (stanford.edu)
High-dimensional profiling of pediatric immune responses to solid organ transplantation. (stanford.edu)
Thymoglobulin is a rabbit-derived anti-thymocyte antibody directed at T-cells and commonly used for induction immunosuppression therapy in solid organ transplantation, especially in immunologically high risk kidney transplant recipients. (clinnephrologyjournal.com)
Attitudes toward organ transplantation. (edu.pl)
Although donor shortage is a problem for all solid-organ transplant programs, it is a particular problem for lung transplantation, because only 10% to 15% of multiple organ donors have lungs that are suitable for transplantation. (clinicalgate.com)

The DDD for muromonam-CD3 is based on combination therapy in acute allograft rejection. (whocc.no)
Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (lookformedical.com)
This article will review the major medical complications, excluding allograft rejection, which may be encountered in the lung transplant recipient. (ersjournals.com)

Woodruff principally studied transplant rejection and immunosuppression. (wikipedia.org)
If infection occurs, immunosuppression must be suspended whereupon an implanted graft is usually lost due to rejection [ 371 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging. (lookformedical.com)
Infection rates among lung transplant recipients appear to be higher than those encountered in other solid organ transplant populations, likely related to the unique exposure of the lung allograft to the external environment and to the greater magnitude of immunosuppression employed 1 , 2 . (ersjournals.com)
The most common therapeutic option is immunosuppression reduction, which can increase rejection risk. (bvsalud.org)
[ 1 ] Recipients were treated with intensive conventional immunosuppression , including combinations of prednisone , azathioprine , and antilymphocyte globulin. (medscape.com)
The discouraging results of these first clinical trials were a consequence of technical complications, sepsis , and the inability of conventional immunosuppression to control rejection, which was attributed to the large quantity of lymphoid tissue and bacterial load of the intestine. (medscape.com)
Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease ( PTLD ) secondary to intensive immunosuppression was the cause of death rather than severe rejection. (medscape.com)

Once the graft has escaped the initial acute phase rejection reactions, a cumulative unresponsiveness to the graft develops as the recipient is continually exposed to donor MHC, a stable state that sometimes depends on the development of antigen-specific T-suppressor cells [ 371 , 5349 - 5354 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Urinary thromboxane B2 as an indicator of acute rejection in lung allotransplantation. (medigraphic.com)
Urinary thromboxane B2 excretion during acute rejection in cyclosporine treated experimental lung allotransplantation. (medigraphic.com)
Herein, we present a case of a patient with a known history of thymoglobulin-induced serum sickness, who presented with evidence of acute cellular and vascular rejection at their 12-month post-operative visit. (clinnephrologyjournal.com)
To the author's knowledge, this is the first case report of successful administration of ATGAM in a patient with a documented history of thymoglobulin induced serum sickness, demonstrating a possible treatment option for acute rejection in patients with reactions to thymoglobulin. (clinnephrologyjournal.com)
Antibody depleting therapy is now widely used in renal transplant medicine, both for induction therapy and the treatment of acute cellular rejection. (clinnephrologyjournal.com)
The main concerns are the influence of the chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs, the viral-related risk of acute rejection, and the long-term outcome of allograft function. (bvsalud.org)

Advances in immunosuppressive therapy have put increasing pressure on the supply of donor organs, and medical personnel sometimes find themselves having to determine who among the potential recipients should receive a lifesaving graft. (britannica.com)
Injections of ALG into a graft recipient have a powerful suppressive effect on graft rejection [ 402 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Graft rejection. (lookformedical.com)
Despite data that shows fewer rejection and better graft survival using antibody induction, serious side-effects of thymoglobulin have been reported, including cardiopulmonary decompensation, respiratory distress syndrome, hematologic disorders, and serum sickness. (clinnephrologyjournal.com)
Good graft function was maintained on corticosteroids and CsA until 1998, when she presented with viral gastroenteritis and mild rejection. (medscape.com)

Another area of ethical concern is the dilemma posed by the shortage of donor organs. (britannica.com)
Unfortunately, the demand for kidney transplants continues to exceed the supply of donor organs. (medscape.com)

2) Antilymphocyte Globulin (ALG) . (nanomedicine.com)
ALG is produced by immunizing a large animal such as a horse with human lymphocytes, then purifying the gamma globulin fraction of the serum. (nanomedicine.com)

Azathioprine is used to prevent rejections of kidney or liver allografts , usually in conjunction with other therapies including corticosteroids , other immunosuppressants, and local radiation therapy . (wikizero.com)

As mentioned, since the recipients of the organ have to take immunosuppressive drugs regularly, the incidence of some of these infections is likely to increase. (tebmedtourism.com)
For some, it may be prescribed to stop taking immunosuppressive drugs, which may lead to rejection of the transplanted organ, for others chemotherapy or radiotherapy may be prescribed, and immunosuppressive drugs can be continued at lower doses. (tebmedtourism.com)

and in kidney transplants to prevent rejection . (wikizero.com)

The DDDs are based on prophylaxis of allograft transplant rejection if this is an approved indication. (whocc.no)

Among the prescription drugs, there is a possibility that an anti-rejection drug called sirolimus can also be used to prevent cancer. (tebmedtourism.com)

Many of those issues are overcome by organ registries, in which individuals choose to become organ donors. (britannica.com)
Through such registries, donors can indicate which organs they are willing to donate upon death. (britannica.com)
Furthermore, there is a danger of commercial interests becoming involved with people willing to sell their organs for personal gain, and there is definite risk of illegal organ trafficking, in which organs are procured from unwilling donors and then sold to facilities that offer transplant services. (britannica.com)

Dr. Goss has performed many surgical "firsts" in Houston, including the first split liver adult and pediatric transplants, the first adult living donor liver transplant, the first dual organ lung-liver transplant, and the first dual organ heart-liver transplant. (bcm.edu)

however, demand still far exceeds supply, and the number of patients waiting for organ transplants continues to grow. (msdmanuals.com)

Terasaki reported a marked decrease in early allograft failure from hyperacute rejection when a crossmatch between donor lymphocytes and recipient serum was performed. (medscape.com)
[ 11 ] A negative crossmatch (no reaction against donor lymphocytes when incubated with recipient serum) indicated that no antibody was present in the recipient, directed against the donor's organ. (medscape.com)

The second area of study is to understand the regulation of the immune response to cellular and solid organ grafts. (stanford.edu)

Serum sickness classically occurs in the setting of exposure to heterologous (non-human) serum proteins causing deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in vessels or tissues, resulting in activation of the complement cascade and recruitment of immune cells, specifically neutrophils. (clinnephrologyjournal.com)

Lymphoma cancer or PTLD is a relatively more serious cancer that may be seen in a small number of organ recipients. (tebmedtourism.com)

In order to understand why rejection occurs and how it may be prevented, it is necessary to know something of the operations of the immune system. (britannica.com)

A series of sublethal doses of radiation is directed at the patient's lymphoid tissue (spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes in the neck, chest, and abdomen), with bone marrow and other vital organs shielded from the exposure [ 387 ]. (nanomedicine.com)
Despite its frequent use and efficacy, the heterologous makeup of thymoglobulin can induce the immune system resulting in serum sickness which typically presents with rash, fever, fatigue, and poly-arthralgia in the weeks following drug exposure. (clinnephrologyjournal.com)

This immune reaction leads to rejection, the greatest problem in successful tissue and organ grafting. (britannica.com)
Despite progress in the field, clinical implementation is still delayed, mainly due to insurmountable rejection, but also due to critical functional differences between xenografts and human tissue. (msdmanuals.com)

Antithymocyte immunoglobulin from rabbit serum is classified in L04AA04. (whocc.no)

Severity of disease was associated with the presence of lymphopenia (p value 0.042), the cumulative steroid dose (p value 0.001), increased serum levels of LDH (p value 0.010), Ferritin (p value 0.020), AST (p value 0.047), and ALT (p value 0.006) and D-dimer levels more than 0.5 mg/L (p value 0.038). (bvsalud.org)

Attitudes toward and knowledge of brain death and deceased organ donation among anesthesiologists in the northeastern region of Poland. (edu.pl)
Medical students' attitude toward organ donation in a single medical university. (edu.pl)

Non-acceptance, negative attitudes, hostility or excessive criticism of the individual which may precipitate feelings of rejection. (lookformedical.com)

Given their immunologically high risk status, they were successfully treated with ATGAM with improvement in their rejection and kidney function. (clinnephrologyjournal.com)
For example, antilymphocyte serum, or OKT3, are some of these drugs that can increase the risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, or PTLDs, which is one of the most critical possible consequences of organ transplants. (tebmedtourism.com)

However, the same immunosuppressive medications that are required to prevent the child's immune system from attacking and rejecting the transplanted organ can predispose these individuals to developing a very serious cancer that is linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). (stanford.edu)
These drugs are prescribed to prevent the immune system from rejecting the new organ. (tebmedtourism.com)

Although passive transfer of occult infection with the transplanted organ is an additional concern, the presence of organisms on Gram stain of donor bronchial washings is not predictive of subsequent pneumonia in the recipient 4 . (ersjournals.com)

Nocardiosis is an opportunistic infection in a patient with underlying immune suppression and organ transplant. (biomedcentral.com)

Whether a person is a registered organ donor can then be indicated on a personal identification card (e.g., a driver's license), authorizing organ procurement once the individual is deceased. (britannica.com)
In the absence of legal consent via registration as an organ donor, organ procurement representatives are required to consult with next of kin for authorization to obtain organs from the deceased person. (britannica.com)

Photopheresis [ 387 ] is also used for treatment of recurrent rejection. (nanomedicine.com)

Hope for treating kidney failure grew with the development of surgical techniques that allowed the anastomosis of blood vessels, in the early 20th century, and elucidation of the pathophysiology of rejection, starting in the mid-20th century. (medscape.com)

People who have an organ transplant are three times more likely to develop skin cancer. (tebmedtourism.com)

Prednisone and prednisolone [ 386 ] act powerfully to suppress the inflammation accompanying a rejection crisis, and also appear to reduce the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens, thus reducing the immunogenicity of the transplant. (nanomedicine.com)

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Psychiatry and Psychology1

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Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

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Transplantation16

Allograft rejection3

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Prophylaxis1

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