Furthermore, hypothalamic orexinergic neurons play a pivotal role in this effect. (kagoshima-u.ac.jp)
These neurons produce a specific neurotransmitter known as hypocretin or orexin (a hypothalamic neuropeptide) [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Investigators have hitherto relied on candidate protein-based tools to correlate behavioral, endocrine and gender traits with hypothalamic neuron identity. (nature.com)
Figure 2: Hierarchical clustering of hypothalamic neuron subtypes. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Neurotransmitter phenotypes in hypothalamic neurons. (nature.com)
Increase of energy accumulation elicits leptin release and simultaneous inhibition of orexigenic neurons expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), as well as activation of the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, orexins have been reported to greatly influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and their secretions to regulate reproductive functions via modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (researchgate.net)
Orexin neurons1
We suggested a pivotal role for endocannabinoids in food reward processing within the lateral hypothalamus, and for orexin neurons to integrate endocrine signals with food reinforcement and hedonic eating. (frontiersin.org)
Dopamine neurons6
We identified dopamineneurons that uniquely coexpress the Onecut3 and Nmur2 genes, and placed these in the periventricular nucleus with many synaptic afferents arising from neuromedin S + neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. (nature.com)
Figure 5: Molecular interrogation of dopamineneurons defines a onecut-3-expressing periventricular subtype. (nature.com)
Figure 7: Suprachiasmatic origin for neuromedin S inputs to onecut-3 + Nmur2 + A14 dopamineneurons. (nature.com)
Figure 8: Periventricular onecut-3 + dopamineneurons respond to neuromedin S produced during light periods. (nature.com)
In addition, the role played by different stressors in the reinstatement of preference for palatable food and food-seeking behavior is also considered in the light of endocannabinoid production, activation of orexin receptors and disinhibition of dopamineneurons. (frontiersin.org)
Relaxin-3 (RLN3) is a neuropeptide expressed mainly in neurons of the brainstem nucleus incertus (NI). (jneurosci.org)
Hypothalamus3
A mutation on chromosome 6 results in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) subtype DQB1*06:02 (HLA class II allele), which leads to T-cell-mediated destruction of specific neurons in the lateral and posterior hypothalamus. (encyclopedia.pub)
Swanson, L.W. & Kuypers, H.G. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: cytoarchitectonic subdivisions and organization of projections to the pituitary, dorsal vagal complex, and spinal cord as demonstrated by retrograde fluorescence double-labeling methods. (nature.com)
Orexigenic1
Orexigenic neurons have projections into different brain parts, innervate many regions that enhance wakefulness, and abolish rapid eye movement (REM) sleep [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Spinal cord3
it sends catecholaminergic projections to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord via reticulospinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we focused on the descending orexinergic projection to the spinal cord and examined whether this pathway contributes to the effect. (kagoshima-u.ac.jp)
Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses of c-Fos expression induced by the capsaicin test revealed that neuronal activity of spinal cordneurons was suppressed by linalool odor exposure, which was prevented by intrathecal administration of the orexin 1 receptor antagonist. (kagoshima-u.ac.jp)
[7] Much smaller parvocellular neurosecretory cells , neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, release corticotropin-releasing hormone and other hormones into the hypophyseal portal system , where these hormones diffuse to the anterior pituitary . (cloudfront.net)
These neuroendocrine dopamine cells may contribute to the dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion diurnally, as their neuromedin S + inputs originate from neurons expressing Per2 and Per3 and their tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation is regulated in a circadian fashion. (nature.com)
Regions1
Moreover, density of dark neurons were assessed in CA1 and CA3 regions. (bvsalud.org)
The medication prevented the rise in histamine levels in mice with orexin neuron ablation. (bloghalt.com)
Results1
These results indicate that linalool odor exposure drives the orexinergic descending pathway and suppresses nociceptive information flow at the spinal level. (kagoshima-u.ac.jp)
There are several clear examples that might predict success in the clinic, these include 5-HT 1F receptor agonists, modulation of the glutamatergic system, orexinergic system and nitrergic mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Locally iontophoresed LY344864 in the TCC significantly inhibited glutamatergic responsive TCC neurons, as well as dural electrical evoked and cutaneous facial receptive field responses in the TCC. (medscape.com)
Catecholaminergic1
it sends catecholaminergic projections to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord via reticulospinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
Brainstem1
Relaxin-3 (RLN3) is a neuropeptide expressed mainly in neurons of the brainstem nucleus incertus (NI). (jneurosci.org)
Thalamus1
Here we demonstrate that the calretinin (CR)-containing neurons in the dorsal medial thalamus (DMT) constitute a key diencephalic node that mediates distinct levels of forebrain arousal. (nature.com)
Mice4
Wake-activated neurons may be at increased risk of metabolic injury across sustained wakefulness.To examine the effects of ISS on wake-activated neurons and wake behavior, wild-type mice were randomized to ISS (a repeated pattern of short sleep on 3 consecutive days followed by 4 days of recovery sleep for 4 weeks) or rested control conditions. (nih.gov)
Mice were examined for immediate and delayed (following recovery) effects of ISS on wake neuron cell metabolics, cell counts, and sleep/wake patterns.ISS resulted in sustained disruption of sleep/wake activity, with increased wakefulness during the lights-on period and reduced wake bout duration and wake time during the lights-off period. (nih.gov)
In a similar assay that uses intracisternal capsaicin injection to activate neurons in the trigeminal nucleus, LY344864, also inhibited c-Fos immunoreactivity in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in both mice and rats. (medscape.com)
Genetic ablation of orexin neurons in mice results in narcolepsy, hypophagia, and obesity. (nature.com)
Modulation1
II projections to the PVN CRF neurons, can be linked to modulation of reward/ cell group (Palkovits and Zaborszky facilitating HPA activation (Plotsky et stress circuitry, including, for example, 1977), which then project directly to al. (nih.gov)
Demonstrate1
In contrast, ISS resulted in no lasting injury to the sleep-activated melanin concentrating hormone neurons.Collectively these findings demonstrate for the first time that ISS imparts significant lasting disturbances in sleep/wake activity, degeneration of wake-activated LC and orexinergic neurons, and lasting metabolic changes in remaining neurons most consistent with premature senescence. (nih.gov)
Activation1
Yavich and Tiihonen 2000) and activation of CRF neurons (Plotsky et for example, the proinflammatory activation of central corticotropin- al. (nih.gov)
Role1
Considerable evidence indicates cated to the PVN by first- or second- peripheral increases in the hormone that stress systems play a major role in order neurons, generating a direct acti- angiotensin II (signaling dehydration) addictive processes, including alcohol vation of CRF release (see Herman et are sensed by receptors in the subfornical dependence. (nih.gov)
Noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and orexinergic neurons showed persistent alterations in morphology, and reductions in both neuronal stereological cell counts and fronto-cortical projections. (nih.gov)
Direct1
Indeed, more recent studies using microiontophoresis confirm a direct action on TCC neurons. (medscape.com)