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MetronidazoleVaginosis, BacterialEnterocolitis, PseudomembranousClostridium difficileAdministration, OralAnti-Infective AgentsAntitrichomonal AgentsNitroreductasesHelicobacter pyloriAmoxicillinAnti-Bacterial AgentsClarithromycinBismuthNitroimidazolesHelicobacter InfectionsTrichomonas vaginalisBacteria, AnaerobicTinidazoleTrichomonas VaginitisBacteroides fragilisAnti-Ulcer AgentsClindamycinBacteroides InfectionsOmeprazoleOrnidazoleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsTetracyclineAntiprotozoal AgentsDrug Therapy, CombinationTritrichomonasNimorazoleDrug Resistance, MicrobialAmebicidesNitrofuransFurazolidoneRosaceaBacteroidesGardnerella vaginalisDrug Resistance, BacterialHobbiesFenbendazoleEncyclopedias as TopicInflammatory Bowel Diseasesvon Ebner GlandsCrohn DiseasePapaverinePhysician-Patient RelationsUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationPhytotherapyDrugs, Chinese HerbalUnited StatesMolecular Sequence Data
AntibioticFlagylTinidazoleBacterial vaginosisInfectionsClindamycinSystemicMetabolites may accumulateMedicationSuspensionInclude metronidazoleTopical metronidazoleAntibioticsDosageVancomycinInfectionDoseImidazoleMedicationsUses of metronidazoleFormulationTabletAntimicrobialsRegimenInjectableAnaerobic bacteriaOrallyAmebiasis0.75NitroimidazolesAzithromycinCimetidineIDSAAbsorptionTablets and capsulesCapsulesIntravenous routeAmoxicillinIndicationPotentiateProtozoaIsotretinoinConcentrationsFetalTrichomonasAdverseTopicallyTreatmentInteractApplesauceMice and ratsPrecautionsTrichomoniasisDrugTumors
Antibiotic12
  • Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal that may be prescribed to prevent or treat certain bacterial or protozoal infections, digestive issues, and inflammatory bowel disease. (chewy.com)
  • Metronidazole is an antibiotic effective in treating or preventing certain bacterial and protozoal infections, such as those caused by Giardia spp. (northwestcompounders.com)
  • Metronidazole, sold under the brand name Flagyl among others, is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initial antibiotic therapy for less-severe Clostridioides difficile infection colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) consists of metronidazole, vancomycin, or fidaxomicin by mouth. (wikipedia.org)
  • ATI-1501 is a proprietary, taste-masked oral suspension formulation of the antibiotic metronidazole, which is broadly prescribed to treat parasitic and anaerobic bacterial infections that heavily burden the elderly. (appilitherapeutics.com)
  • The development of antibiotic resistance in periodontopathogens is a major issue given that these bacteria may migrate from the oral cavity to other organs where they may cause infections or transfer their antibiotic resistances to other bacterial species. (nature.com)
  • The odd thing about this combination is that there are many antibiotics with excellent oral absorption, so the IV antibiotic may be unnecessary. (jwatch.org)
  • 3) I do know that this is by far the most expensive oral antibiotic out there. (jwatch.org)
  • Metronidazole is an antibiotic and treats infection. (rxwiki.com)
  • Oral or topical antibiotic treatment provides short-term cure rates for more than 80 percent of women, but many still have recurrences. (aafp.org)
  • Metronidazole , an antibiotic, is most often prescribed. (petmd.com)
  • Metronidazole is an imidazole ring-based antibiotic active against various anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. (medscape.com)
Flagyl5
  • FLAGYL (metronidazole) capsules, 375 mg, (indicated below as FLAGYL 375 capsules) contain 375 mg of metronidazole USP. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
  • The primary objective of the randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-sequence, cross-over clinical study was to assess the relative bioavailability of ATI-1501 compared to the reference product Flagyl® (solid metronidazole tablets) under fasted and fed conditions. (appilitherapeutics.com)
  • Flagyl oral is taken by mouth. (drugs.com)
  • Metronidazole, often sold under the brand name Flagyl, is a medication frequently prescribed to treat vaginal and gastrointestinal infections. (livestrong.com)
  • treatment (flagyl, aka metronidazole) are the same. (yarchive.net)
Tinidazole8
Bacterial vaginosis6
  • Metronidazole is also used to treat bacterial vaginosis (an infection caused by too much of certain types of harmful bacteria in the vagina) in women. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Drugs of choice for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis include metronidazole and clindamycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metronidazole has also been used in women to prevent preterm birth associated with bacterial vaginosis, amongst other risk factors including the presence of cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin (fFN). (wikipedia.org)
  • For treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), secnidazole is a suitable single-dose oral drug having a longer serum half-life than metronidazole. (nih.gov)
  • The authors evaluated suppressive intravaginal metronidazole (MetroGel) and its effect on recurrent episodes of bacterial vaginosis. (aafp.org)
  • The authors conclude that suppressive therapy with twice-weekly intravaginal metronidazole gel does reduce the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and is a well-tolerated therapy, but that vaginal candidiasis is a common complication. (aafp.org)
Infections11
  • To reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria, metronidazole should only be used to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Metronidazole oral tablets are used to treat infections caused by bacteria or parasites. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • For instance, metronidazole increases the risk of yeast infections, which occur much more often in females. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Find out how metronidazole treats infections and how to take it. (www.nhs.uk)
  • As we move towards a submission to the FDA for market approval, we anticipate that ATI-1501 will soon be available to healthcare providers and caregivers as an excellent alternate treatment option for those with serious infections requiring treatment with metronidazole. (appilitherapeutics.com)
  • Metronidazole is not approved to treat vaginal infections in girls who have not begun having menstrual periods. (drugs.com)
  • Metronidazole may also be used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. (livestrong.com)
  • Metronidazole is a prescription medication used to treat infections of the reproductive system, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, skin, bones and joints, and other areas of the body. (rxwiki.com)
  • Metronidazole may also be used to prevent postoperative infections. (rxwiki.com)
  • Both infections, however, are effectively treated with topical or oral metronidazole. (yarchive.net)
  • Metronidazole is used primarily for infections caused by obligate anaerobes, often with other antimicrobials. (msdmanuals.com)
Clindamycin5
  • Here we describe a patient with eruptive purulent form of the disease, which has been controlled with combination therapy: systemic antibiosis with metronidazole and clindamycin, dermatosurgical removal of single nodular formations, and isotretinoin 1 mg/kg body mass for 3-5 months. (e-ijd.org)
  • Secnidazole, like metronidazole, was superior to clindamycin for Prevotella spp. (nih.gov)
  • The American Urological Association best practice policy recommends either first- or second-generation cephalosporins or an aminoglycoside with metronidazole or clindamycin for 24 hours as first-line prophylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • Clindamycin is available in parenteral (ie, clindamycin phosphate) and oral forms (ie, clindamycin hydrochloride). (medscape.com)
  • Oral clindamycin is absorbed rapidly and almost completely and is not appreciably altered by the presence of food in the stomach. (medscape.com)
Systemic4
  • Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of those treated with the drug) associated with systemic metronidazole therapy include: nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and metallic taste in the mouth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The clinical study results announced today showed that a single 500 mg dose of ATI-1501 achieved equivalent systemic drug levels to a 500 mg metronidazole tablet under fasted and fed conditions. (appilitherapeutics.com)
  • Outpatient therapy with oral antibiotics is indicated for healthy individuals who have no evidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). (medscape.com)
  • The analysis includes all drugs (ATC codes) that contain an antibacterial substance and are used to treat or prevent bacterial infection, including systemic (infusion fluids and oral) and topical drugs (ointments, creams, gels, drops, vaginal, suppositories and oral non-absorbable). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Metabolites may accumulate1
  • However, because metronidazole metabolites may accumulate in patients with end-stage renal disease, these patients should be monitored for metronidazole -associated adverse effects such as central nervous system effects, including headaches, convulsions, and peripheral neuropathy (mainly numbness or paresthesias in an extremity). (msdmanuals.com)
Medication11
  • If your physician has instructed or directed you to take Metronidazole medication in a regular schedule and you have missed a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as you remember. (internationaldrugmart.com)
  • Before you take a medication for a particular ailment, you should inform the health expert about intake of any other medications including non-prescription medications, over-the-counter medicines that may increase the effect of Metronidazole, and dietary supplements like vitamins, minerals and herbal, so that the doctor can warn you of any possible drug interactions. (internationaldrugmart.com)
  • Shake the oral suspension well before each use to mix the medication evenly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Use a dosing spoon, oral syringe, or measuring cup to measure the correct amount of medication. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Be sure to let your doctor and pharmacist know that you are taking this medication before you start taking metronidazole. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Do not start this medication while taking metronidazole without discussing with your healthcare provider. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The oral medication should be taken on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals). (medbroadcast.com)
  • [ 5 ] For patients who are unable to tolerate oral medication, intravenous metronidazole is effective. (medscape.com)
  • Metronidazole is also available as an over-the-counter medication. (rxwiki.com)
  • This medication page refers to the prescription forms of metronidazole. (rxwiki.com)
  • This drug is a combination of beta-lactamase inhibitor with ampicillin that is used as an alternative to amoxicillin when the patient is unable to take oral medication. (medscape.com)
Suspension10
Include metronidazole1
  • Traditional therapeutic options for treatment of C. difficile infection include metronidazole or vancomycin. (smw.ch)
Topical metronidazole4
Antibiotics5
  • Poor compliance, failure to respond to oral antibiotics, facial involvement, and immune suppression are additional indications for inpatient parenteral therapy until the patient is stable and improving. (medscape.com)
  • Oral antibiotics tend to work faster than topical antibiotics and are most effective in treating rosacea pustules. (getridofthings.com)
  • Even worse, someone may be discharged from the hospital on intravenous antibiotics - risking all the problems of parenteral access (clots, infection, pain, and myriad catheter malfunctions which only happen in the middle of the night/weekends) - when there are multiple oral options that will do the job just as well. (jwatch.org)
  • Most importantly, the entire class of beta-lactam and beta-lactam-like antibiotics - there isn't a penicillin or cephalosporin that achieves high blood levels with oral administration (amoxicillin and cefadroxil the closest thing), and if there's an oral carbapenem out there, someone has been hiding it from me. (jwatch.org)
  • According to a 2014 study conducted on 120 women, garlic tablets may be as effective as oral antibiotics at treating the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection or BV, with fewer side effects. (healthline.com)
Dosage3
Vancomycin8
  • In 2017, the IDSA generally recommended vancomycin and fidaxomicin over metronidazole. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oral metronidazole and oral vancomycin have similar efficacy rates in treating diarrhea caused by C difficile in mild to moderate infection but not in severe disease. (medscape.com)
  • Whereas metronidazole is the recommended first-line treatment for mild to moderate disease without complications, vancomycin is recommended first-line therapy for severe infection or for patients with risk factors for adverse outcomes, such as advanced age, critical illness, overall debility, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (medscape.com)
  • The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend a regimen of metronidazole (500 mg PO TID for 10-14 days) as first-line therapy for mild to moderate disease without complications (lower cost and similar efficacy to PO vancomycin in these patients). (medscape.com)
  • In another study, a review of 11 trials (1463 adult patients total) comparing metronidazole with vancomycin or another agent, combined agents, or placebo, neither vancomycin nor fidaxomicin were clearly superior for the initial treatment of CDI. (medscape.com)
  • The SHEA and IDSA recommend metronidazole (500 mg IV q8h) with vancomycin (500 mg PO QID and/or 500 mg PR q6h in 100 mL normal saline as a retention enema) for severe or complicated cases of CDI. (medscape.com)
  • In several clinical trials, 200 mg of oral fidaxomicin administered every 12 hours for 10 days has been noninferior to 125 mg of oral vancomycin administered every 6 hours for 10 days for the treatment of C difficile . (medscape.com)
  • Prospective randomised trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis. (smw.ch)
Infection4
  • Metronidazole tablets work by killing the bacteria or other organisms that are causing the infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Certain inhaler medications used for asthma may lead to a yeast infection in the mouth called oral candidiasis . (webmd.com)
  • The Entamoeba histolytica protozoan causes amebiasis, an infection of the gastrointestinal tract, and can be transmitted through either the fecal-oral route or sexually. (livestrong.com)
  • Treatment of H. pylori infection was associated with more rapid response to oral iron therapy as compared with the use of iron therapy alone. (nih.gov)
Dose11
  • What if you miss a dose of Metronidazole? (internationaldrugmart.com)
  • In addition, a dose-response increase in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in mice after intraperitoneal injections and an increase in chromosome aberrations have been reported in patients with Crohn's disease who were treated with 200-1200 mg/day of metronidazole for 1 to 24 months. (nih.gov)
  • For the treatment of giardiasis, this article recommends a daily 2 g dose of metronidazole x 3 days because it "is as effective as longer courses," citing Gardner and Hill (2001). (bpac.org.nz)
  • They found that for giardiasis, the efficacy of a three day, higher dose treatment course of metronidazole (93 - 100% efficacy) was comparable to that of the more conventional five to ten day, lower dose treatment course (60 - 100% efficacy). (bpac.org.nz)
  • Detectable plasma levels were found in all subjects following the administration of a 1 gram dose of MetroLotion ® Topical Lotion (containing 7.5 mg of metronidazole) applied every morning and evening for 4 days to the faces of 8 patients. (nih.gov)
  • The highest concentration (96 ng/mL) seen following the morning dose on Day 5 was approximately 80 times lower than the peak concentrations produced by a single 250 mg tablet of metronidazole. (nih.gov)
  • Objectives We wished to assess if low-dose daily oral metronidazole reduced the risk of malignant vesico-vaginal (VVF) and recto-vaginal fistulae (RVF) in recurrent cervical cancer. (bmj.com)
  • We compared fistula-free survival and post-recurrence survival in patients who had received, or not received, low dose (metronomic) metronidazole. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Daily low-dose oral (metronomic) metronidazole is a simple and inexpensive intervention. (bmj.com)
  • Use an oral syringe to measure each dose of the liquid, as it gives a more accurate measurement than household teaspoons. (medbroadcast.com)
  • Appropriate serum levels are reached and sustained for at least 6 hours following the oral dose. (medscape.com)
Imidazole3
  • Metronidazole is a member of the imidazole class of antibacterial agents and is classified therapeutically as an antiprotozoal and anti-bacterial agent. (nih.gov)
  • Chemically, metronidazole is 2-methyl-5-nitro-1 H- imidazole-1-ethanol. (nih.gov)
  • Metronidazole is an imidazole and is classified therapeutically as an antiprotozoal and antibacterial agent. (nih.gov)
Medications12
  • Metronidazole can interact with seizure medications and blood thinners. (internationaldrugmart.com)
  • Metronidazole oral tablet can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Metronidazole is in a class of medications called nitroimidazole antimicrobials. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Oral liquid medications should be kept in an airtight container, protected from light. (northwestcompounders.com)
  • Store your oral liquid medications upright. (northwestcompounders.com)
  • Avoid storing oral liquid medications on their side. (northwestcompounders.com)
  • Some of the most common mouth-related (oral) side effects of medications are listed below. (webmd.com)
  • The oral administration of these medications is the preferred route, because C difficile remains within the colonic lumen without invading the colonic mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • You should not take other medications, including vitamin supplements, with metronidazole until you have talked with your doctor or pharmacist about their possible interactions. (livestrong.com)
  • A slew of various oral medications, both continued from outpatient care and started anew on admission. (jwatch.org)
  • Metronidazole creams and gels are prescription medications used to treat inflammatory lesions associated with acne rosacea (adult acne). (rxwiki.com)
  • Oral medications attempted included prednisolone and mesalamine with poor compliance. (vin.com)
Uses of metronidazole1
Formulation1
  • METROCREAM ® (metronidazole topical cream) Topical Cream is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to metronidazole, or other ingredients of the formulation. (nih.gov)
Tablet3
  • These include an oral tablet, an oral capsule, a cream, gel, and lotion you apply to your skin, and a vaginal gel. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The metronidazole immediate-release tablet and extended-release tablet are prescription drugs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Patients with difficulty swallowing the oral tablet require pharmacists, the patients themselves or caregivers to crush the drug and add it to food prior to patients ingesting it. (appilitherapeutics.com)
Antimicrobials2
  • Metronidazole belongs to a class of drugs called nitroimidazole antimicrobials. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Provided that the patient is able to take pills and is eating, lots of antimicrobials can be safely and less-expensively given in their oral form. (jwatch.org)
Regimen2
  • This process increases risk for dosing error and amplifies the pronounced bitter taste of metronidazole that can negatively impact patients' ability to comply with their full treatment regimen. (appilitherapeutics.com)
  • The women who met the criteria were treated with 0.75% metronidazole gel (5 g) intravaginally at bedtime for 10 days, and they were reassessed three to five days after the treatment regimen was completed. (aafp.org)
Injectable2
  • Metronidazole comes in oral, topical, and injectable forms. (rxwiki.com)
  • The injectable form of metronidazole will be given directly into a vein (IV) by a healthcare professional. (rxwiki.com)
Anaerobic bacteria1
  • Metronidazole has activity against some protozoans and most anaerobic bacteria (both Gram-negative and Gram-positive classes) but not the aerobic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Orally1
  • Metronidazole is available orally (by mouth), as a cream or gel, and by slow intravenous infusion (injection into a vein). (wikipedia.org)
Amebiasis1
  • Entamoeba histolytica invasive amebiasis is treated with metronidazole for eradication, in combination with diloxanide to prevent recurrence. (wikipedia.org)
0.752
  • METROCREAM ® Topical Cream contains metronidazole, USP, at a concentration of 7.5 mg per gram (0.75%) in an emollient cream consisting of benzyl alcohol, emulsifying wax, glycerin, isopropyl palmitate, purified water, sorbitol solution, lactic acid and/or sodium hydroxide to adjust pH. (nih.gov)
  • They then were randomly assigned to receive 0.75% metronidazole gel (5 g) or placebo twice a week for 16 weeks. (aafp.org)
Nitroimidazoles1
  • However, other nitroimidazoles derived from metronidazole such as nimorazole with reduced electron affinity showed less serious neuronal side effects and have found their way into radio-onological practice for head and neck tumors in some countries. (wikipedia.org)
Azithromycin1
  • In practice oral azithromycin is just as good as IV, but blood levels are substantially lower (which is why I didn't include it). (jwatch.org)
Cimetidine1
  • The following nonprescription or herbal products may interact with metronidazole: cimetidine (Tagamet HB). (medlineplus.gov)
IDSA1
  • IDSA guidelines recommend oral dicloxacillin or IV nafcillin or oxacillin as the drugs of choice, but note that nafcillin and oxacillin are inactive against MRSA. (medscape.com)
Absorption2
  • Absorption of metronidazole after topical application of MetroLotion ® Topical Lotion is less complete and more prolonged than after oral administration. (nih.gov)
  • Such treatment also led to enhanced iron absorption even in those subjects who did not receive oral iron therapy. (nih.gov)
Tablets and capsules1
Capsules1
  • Metronidazole capsules are usually taken two to four times daily for up to 10 days or longer. (medlineplus.gov)
Intravenous route1
Amoxicillin1
Indication2
  • 1 They, however, did not recommend the shorter course of treatment because at the time, giardiasis was not an approved treatment indication for metronidazole and there was concern that the higher doses may be associated with increased adverse effects. (bpac.org.nz)
  • The directions and frequency of use will vary with the indication for metronidazole. (rxwiki.com)
Potentiate1
  • Oral metronidazole has been reported to potentiate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and coumarin anticoagulants, resulting in a prolongation of prothrombin time. (nih.gov)
Protozoa1
Isotretinoin1
Concentrations1
  • After oral administration, metronidazole is secreted in breast milk in concentrations similar to those found in the plasma. (nih.gov)
Fetal1
  • Metronidazole crosses the placental barrier and enters the fetal circulation rapidly. (nih.gov)
Trichomonas1
Adverse4
  • The bitter taste of metronidazole is so pronounced that it is listed as an adverse event on the drug label. (appilitherapeutics.com)
  • However, since 2001, in the context of more recent medicine approvals and further experience in regards to adverse effects, the three day course of metronidazole has become more standard within medicine formularies. (bpac.org.nz)
  • According to Drugs.com, there are no known adverse reactions to taking vitamins and metronidazole together. (livestrong.com)
  • There were few adverse effects, but participants who were treated with metronidazole did have a higher incidence of vaginal candidiasis. (aafp.org)
Topically1
  • Even though blood levels are significantly lower with topically applied metronidazole than those achieved after oral administration of metronidazole, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. (nih.gov)
Treatment5
  • Oral metronidazole is a treatment option for giardiasis, however, the increasing incidence of nitroimidazole resistance is leading to the increased use of other compound classes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanisms by which metronidazole acts in the treatment of rosacea are unknown, but appear to include an anti-inflammatory effect. (nih.gov)
  • METROCREAM ® (metronidazole topical cream) Topical Cream is indicated for topical application in the treatment of inflammatory papules and pustules of rosacea. (nih.gov)
  • Intravenous metronidazole in the treatment of ruptured amebic liver abscess. (ajtmh.org)
  • Treatment of an amebic liver abscess with intravenous metronidazole. (ajtmh.org)
Interact1
Applesauce2
  • A planned subset of participants was also asked to evaluate the taste properties and relative preference for ATI-1501 compared to metronidazole crushed in applesauce, which is the current standard of care for elderly and pediatric patients with difficulty swallowing. (appilitherapeutics.com)
  • 2 Oral granules should be sprinkled onto unsweetened applesauce, yogurt, or pudding before ingestion. (cdc.gov)
Mice and rats1
  • Metronidazole has shown evidence of carcinogenic activity in a number of studies involving chronic, oral administration in mice and rats but not in studies involving hamsters. (nih.gov)
Precautions1
  • See the "Metronidazole Precautions" section. (rxwiki.com)
Trichomoniasis2
Drug3
  • However, because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response and since oral metronidazole has been shown to be a carcinogen in some rodents, this drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. (nih.gov)
  • Our clinical data demonstrate that ATI-1501 has an acceptable safety profile while being more palatable than metronidazole tablets for a vulnerable patient population," said Jamie Doran, MSc, DABT, ERT,Vice President of Drug Development for Appili. (appilitherapeutics.com)
  • This is not a complete list of metronidazole drug interactions. (rxwiki.com)
Tumors2
  • In addition to its anti-biotic properties, attempts were also made to use a possible radiation-sensitizing effect of metronidazole in the context of radiation therapy against hypoxic tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • In animal studies, metronidazole caused certain types of tumors, some of which were cancerous. (drugs.com)