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HalitosisMouthSulfur CompoundsBenzoylarginine-2-NaphthylamideTongueMouth NeoplasmsLaryngopharyngeal RefluxFusobacterium InfectionsSocial AlienationMouth DiseasesOral HygieneEndoscopes, GastrointestinalOral ManifestationsFusobacterium nucleatumMouthwashesSalivaSesame OilDiagnostic Self EvaluationMetagenomeMicrobiotaGastrointestinal TractRNA, Ribosomal, 16SBacteriaPhylogenyMolecular Sequence Data
BreathGingivitisKnown as halitosisMalodorTeethGumsTonguePeriodontal DiseaseBacteria in the oral cavityDiseaseHealthPlaqueOdorsDiseasesToothpasteBacterial growthRoutineMouthCandidiasisBuccal mucosaFoodsChlorhexidineMucosaCommonTreatmentCancerPoor oralAntibacterialTissuesProper oral hygieneGastrointestinal tractSmell
Breath54
  • Halitosis (bad breath) is defined as an unpleasant or offensive malodor emanating from the breath either from oral or systemic sources. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] The epidemiological studies suggest the prevalence of objectionable halitosis (bad breath) is about 2.4% of the adult population. (medscape.com)
  • According to the National Institute of Dental Research, about 65 million Americans suffer from halitosis (bad breath) at some point in their lives. (medscape.com)
  • The role of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in producing bacteria that colonize the dorsal surface of the tongue was recently understood as a primary cause of halitosis (bad breath). (medscape.com)
  • Bad breath (halitosis) has been with us for thousands of years. (medscape.com)
  • He and coworkers established that oral malodor (bad breath) is associated with the presence of volatile sulfur compounds, primarily hydrogen sulfide and methylmercaptan. (medscape.com)
  • In most cases (perhaps 85%), bad breath (halitosis) comes from the mouth itself. (medscape.com)
  • [ 8 ] In people with rigorous oral hygiene, good dentition and a healthy periodontium, the main cause of bad breath (halitosis) is likely to be the back of the tongue. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, L. reuteri may help improve halitosis (bad breath). (healthnews.com)
  • Piping hot coffee might be what gets our mornings started but too much caffeine can result in halitosis -aka chronic bad breath. (dane101.com)
  • As much as we like to place hygienic habits at the forefront of oral health, your bad breath wasn't entirely caused by a lack of brushing or poor tongue hygiene. (dane101.com)
  • If you suffer from chronic bad breath, also known as halitosis , probiotics might offer exciting possibilities. (colgate.com)
  • Find out how taking probiotics for bad breath could change your oral outlook. (colgate.com)
  • Researchers continue to explore how probiotics can impact your oral health, including bad breath. (colgate.com)
  • Side effects of the keto diet plan feature completely dry oral cavity, raised peeing and also halitosis from acetone, a ketone body that is secreted by means of your breath. (necrc.org)
  • Accordingly, cavities and bad breath (halitosis) are more likely during this time and gums tend to become more susceptible to infections, such as gingivitis. (empowher.com)
  • Excess plaque can also lead to halitosis or chronic bad breath and/or calcify into tarter which causes inflammation around the gums. (grandviewdentalcare.com)
  • Dentures are another important cause of oral malodor (bad breath), particularly if they are worn overnight. (medscape.com)
  • Saliva plays a big role in bad breath (halitosis) elimination. (medscape.com)
  • Bad breath (halitosis) levels during the day are inversely related to saliva flow. (medscape.com)
  • When saliva flow is lowest during the night, following fasting and due to insufficient water intake, the intensity of bad breath (halitosis) rises. (medscape.com)
  • Halitosis, also called bad breath, is as an offensive odor emanating from the oral cavity. (vin.com)
  • Halitosis is easily diagnosed by smelling your dog or cats breath. (vin.com)
  • If due to periodontal disease, daily tooth brushing will help maintain good oral health and sweet breath. (vin.com)
  • And, by using natural oral medical care products, you can be assured that you are doing all you can to treat the issues you possess, or to prevent the growth of gingivitis, periodontal gum illness, foul-smelling breath, as well as dry oral cavity. (abouthealthing.com)
  • So, you might be asking, how does a dentist with no cavities, healthy gums, and exceptional oral hygiene have bad breath? (thewomensjournal.com)
  • In 85% of cases, the cause of a foul-smelling breath odour is located in the oral cavity. (dentiwiki.co.uk)
  • Anaerobic bacteria are harmful oral bacteria that, in addition to bad breath, also cause caries (cavities) and gum infections. (dentiwiki.co.uk)
  • Good daily oral hygiene is, of course, a prerequisite for combatting bad breath. (dentiwiki.co.uk)
  • This disrupts the balance of the oral flora, which ultimately doesn't help control harmful bacteria and keep your breath fresh. (dentiwiki.co.uk)
  • Dry mouth complaints are detrimental to the balance of the oral flora, which increases the risk of bad breath. (dentiwiki.co.uk)
  • Improves your breath: The presence of bacteria on the tongue can lead to halitosis or bad breath. (howtosearch.com)
  • If you are bothered by chronic bad breath (sometimes called "halitosis") in Kuna, we can help. (deluxedentalgroup.com)
  • While things like "morning breath" or the breath you have after eating a tuna sandwich can easily be fixed by brushing your teeth or rinsing with mouthwash, sometimes chronic bad breath, also known as halitosis, can mean a more serious, underlying issue. (deluxedentalgroup.com)
  • The only thing worse than being stuck in a close knit conversation with someone with bad breath or halitosis is wondering how your own breath is stacking up. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • There are many contributing factors to bad breath such as having just eaten certain foods like garlic and onions which go through the bloodstream and come out in air from the lungs, but it can also be caused by poor oral health, diseased gums, and cavities. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • Around 30% of the people in the world have bad breath chronically or halitosis. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • Beyond that here are some other natural solutions to help with halitosis and with shorter-term bad breath problems. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • Halitosis or bad breath is an oral health condition characterized by unpleasant odors emanating consistently from the oral cavity. (journalcra.com)
  • Bad breath - also known as halitosis - is a chronic condition that can be caused by several factors. (sesamecare.com)
  • Oral cancers and oropharyngeal cancer (cancer of the cavity at the back of the mouth) can cause bad breath. (sesamecare.com)
  • In some cases, bad breath may signify the presence of a serious medical condition such as an oral infection, or cancer. (sesamecare.com)
  • Most cases of bad breath can be improved with improved oral hygiene. (sesamecare.com)
  • Periodontists specialize in gum health and can treat the underlying oral condition causing bad breath. (sesamecare.com)
  • Although bad breath is associated with various dental diseases, certain health problems also cause Halitosis (Bad Breath). (suryadentalcare.com)
  • Halitosis , or bad breath, is caused by bacteria build-up in the mouth due to uneven tongue surface. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • Dry mouth can lead to an increase in plaque, cavities, bad breath, and can possibly cause periodontal diseases. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • Probiotic protection for the whole family, CulturedCare is organically flavoured probiotic chewing gum sweetened with xylitol, which also helps promote oral health and fight bad breath. (nutritionplus.com)
  • This process also fights bad breath related to halitosis. (nutritionplus.com)
  • Mouthwash is an antiseptic that prevents tooth decay, gingivitis and bad breath (halitosis or foul breath) by removing plaque. (draristide.ro)
  • MULTIVA ® Breath Control - Complementary Feed For Dogs Formulated in Highly Palatable Chews to Help Control Halitosis. (vetnova.net)
  • This bacterium was present in only 1 out of 6 people with halitosis (bad breath), at extremely low levels. (medscape.com)
  • The role of the tonsils in chronic bad breath (halitosis) is unclear. (medscape.com)
  • This condition can cause discomfort, interfere with speech and swallowing, make wearing dentures difficult, cause bad breath (halitosis). (msdmanuals.com)
Gingivitis7
  • Research studies have shown the benefit of specific strains of probiotics for specific oral conditions such as dental caries, gingivitis, and recurrent tonsillitis. (healthnews.com)
  • Luvbiotics lozenges contain Lactobacillus reuteri which has been shown to help with gingivitis and halitosis. (healthnews.com)
  • The dental professional is concerned about mouth breathing due to the increase in xerostomia, which in turn leads to an increase in childhood caries, gingivitis, and halitosis, 1,4 whereas a nurse may be concerned about mouth breathing for a different reason. (rdhmag.com)
  • The relationship between oral malodor, gingivitis, and periodontitis. (rjppd.org)
  • As plaque ages and gingivitis develops into periodontitis (bone loss), bacteria changes from somewhat irritating strains to bone destroying types that produce hydrogen sulfide causing halitosis. (vin.com)
  • Unlike just what tv commercials and also journal promotions would have you strongly believe, you do not need the chemicals in a lot of tooth pastes, mouth washes, and also other oral medical items to address gingivitis, periodontal gum tissue illness, dry out oral cavity, or even halitosis. (abouthealthing.com)
  • The most common causes of halitosis in kids are poor oral hygiene, cavities and gingivitis. (calendar-uk.co.uk)
Known as halitosis1
Malodor10
  • Oral malodor is primarily the result of microbial metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Oral malodor from the overgrowth of proteolytic, anaerobic gram-negative bacteria on the crevices of the tongue dorsum can be successfully diagnosed and treated. (medscape.com)
  • Oral Malodor: Prevention and it's Treatment. (rjppd.org)
  • Conversely, mastication increases saliva flow, with concomitant cleansing of the oral cavity and reduction in malodor. (medscape.com)
  • Many individuals are now noticing a malodor (halitosis) since wearing a mask daily and looking to dental professionals for an explanation. (oxyfresh.com)
  • The most common cause of malodor is an abundance of bacteria in the oral cavity. (oxyfresh.com)
  • Even though majority of oral malodor is of oral origin, there are multiple other systemic causes that have to be addressed while we diagnose and treat this condition. (journalcra.com)
  • Proteolytic activity by microorganisms residing on the tongue and teeth results in foul-smelling compounds, and is the most common cause of oral malodor. (journalcra.com)
  • The mouth air of chronic malodor sufferers is tainted with compounds such as hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan and organic acids, which produce a stream of foul air that is gravely offensive to the people in their vicinity Management may include simple measures such as scaling and planing, good oral hygiene, tongue cleaning, and mouth rinsing. (journalcra.com)
  • Role of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of oral malodor/halitosis: A systematic review by: Pragati Ishwar Shringeri, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
Teeth9
  • About 80-90% of halitosis is due to intraoral microbial species that populate on the tongue, teeth, and periodontal biofilms. (medscape.com)
  • Since saliva aids in mechanically removing food debris and bacteria from the oral cavity and teeth, a diminished saliva flow will adversely affect the oral tissues. (dentistrytoday.com)
  • Maintaining good oral health is essential to prevent oral diseases that can cause pain, irreversible damage to the gums, and loss of teeth. (healthnews.com)
  • Crooked teeth tend to have more cavities over time because they tend to be more difficult to keep clean. (empowher.com)
  • Food debris, liquid, and saliva contaminated with bacteria due to poor oral hygiene can be aspirated and cause pneumonia.9,22 The number of decayed teeth, frequency of teeth brushing, and dependence on a caregiver for oral care are significantly associated with pneumonia. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • It's terrible for your oral health and, therefore, for your teeth. (dentiwiki.co.uk)
  • One of the most effective ways to treat halitosis is a professional teeth cleaning. (deluxedentalgroup.com)
  • The bacterial plaque that forms on teeth as a result of poor oral hygiene can lead to tooth decay and gum disease, so it is especially important that you regularly brush and floss your teeth. (sesamecare.com)
  • Dental caries , also known as cavities, are caused by plaque build-up on teeth, which is a sticky film of bacteria. (skillsyouneed.com)
Gums1
Tongue6
Periodontal Disease1
Bacteria in the oral cavity1
Disease14
  • Similarly, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention describes smoking tobacco and oral use of tobacco as "the single most important preventable risk to human health in developed countries and an important cause of premature death worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recruitment criteria included a set of objective, composite measurements performed by healthcare professionals [ 10 ], defining this reference population and enabling this investigation to focus on defining the integrated oral, oropharyngeal, and gut microbiomes in the absence of host disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, most dogs with SCC will go on to develop the metastatic disease even with complete removal of the local oral tumor. (petmoo.com)
  • Cavities, gum disease, and tooth decay are three words no one wants to hear their dentist say. (grandviewdentalcare.com)
  • Objective: this paper aims to report a clinical case of myiasis affecting the oral cavity of a patient with Wilson's disease, and to discuss the main steps for prevention and treatment of myiasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Case report: female patient, 30 years old, carrier of Wilson's disease, dependent on others for daily activities, with no lip closure and inadequate oral hygiene care. (bvsalud.org)
  • Keeping good dental hygiene can stop cavities, gum disease, halitosis, and many other conditions. (mismis.com.my)
  • If the diagnosis is not obvious after oral examination, blood tests will be taken to check for internal disease. (vin.com)
  • Once the underlying disease has been treated, halitosis will disappear. (vin.com)
  • Take care of cavities and gum disease. (thewomensjournal.com)
  • Halitosis can also be a result of gum disease. (deluxedentalgroup.com)
  • According to Heather Caruso, author of Your Drug-Free Guide to Digestive Health , making sure you get the proper amounts of zinc can help with halitosis resulting from oral disease. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • This condition can be worsened by poor oral hygiene, gum disease, or certain foods. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • These are just a few ways that oral disease can affect our overall health - there are many more! (skillsyouneed.com)
Health44
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "[Smoking and oral] Tobacco use is the single greatest cause of preventable death globally. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2-4 Realizing the popularity of chewing gum, dental health professionals need to recognize the potential dental health benefits of these products when used as an adjunct to routine oral healthcare. (dentistrytoday.com)
  • Adequate saliva is critical for good oral health. (dentistrytoday.com)
  • The use of probiotics for oral health has steadily increased over the past decade. (healthnews.com)
  • This article lists the top 5 brands of probiotics for oral health and discusses which strains of microorganisms are the best probiotics to take. (healthnews.com)
  • How did we compile the top probiotics for oral health? (healthnews.com)
  • Therefore, we compiled a list of criteria to evaluate probiotics for oral health to identify the best products on the market in 2023. (healthnews.com)
  • In addition to proper oral hygiene behaviors, many are turning to oral probiotics to help alter the microbial content of the mouth to improve one's oral health. (healthnews.com)
  • Smoking not only causes harm to overall health- but also happens to mess up our essential systems involved within exhalation processes such as directly affecting lung efficiency & bacterial formulations present within oral cavity leading towards chronic Halitosis over prolonged addiction. (dane101.com)
  • Hormonal changes that occur during certain stages of a woman's life may require special oral health needs. (empowher.com)
  • Brushing for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste after each meal is critical to maintain oral health. (empowher.com)
  • Your dentist and/or oral health hygienist can equip teens with the proper tools on how to minimize bacterial growth and clean their mouths. (empowher.com)
  • Puberty and Menstruation Affect Your Oral Health. (empowher.com)
  • Oral Hygiene is Especially Important Among Women: Life Changes can Affect Oral Health. (empowher.com)
  • Oral Health Changes in Puberty. (empowher.com)
  • www.oral-health-care.com. (empowher.com)
  • Attention: Oral Health Changes When Kids Hit Puberty. (empowher.com)
  • Oral health is a dental issue. (rdhmag.com)
  • Sleep is an essential ingredient in a child's life, and while it is not independent of oral health care, the professionals who treat sleep issues typically are. (rdhmag.com)
  • In fact, behavioral issues, facial changes, or a decrease in oral health can all be linked to a lack of proper sleep. (rdhmag.com)
  • 8. Itodo ES (2021) The Interconnection between Masks and Oral Health. (rjppd.org)
  • Ideal for improving oral health with natural ingredients and strengthening tooth enamel without harmful additives. (tastestl.com)
  • Introduction - Among the oral health problems, dental caries or periodontal problems are public health problems, which can, in part, be prevented with the use of a toothbrush. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objective - To observe macroscopically and microscopically the components of manual toothbrushes sold in cities in the State of São Paulo and classify them as adequate or inappropriate for use by proposing a protocol to evaluate these oral hygiene instruments, from the perspective of health surveillance. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some potential causes of halitosis can include health conditions and diseases of the oral cavity. (bodyodorcenter.com)
  • In the realm of oral care, natural toothpaste has gained immense popularity among health-conscious individuals. (mismis.com.my)
  • As an example, dry out oral cavity can occur as a side effect of numerous medicines, or even as the end result of a health care condition. (abouthealthing.com)
  • Good oral health care is actually a practice worth building. (abouthealthing.com)
  • The term "mask mouth" is a side effect of the pandemic that has made people take notice of changes in their oral health. (oxyfresh.com)
  • Of course, this is pretty standard protocol for good oral health. (howtosearch.com)
  • If you maintain good oral health by regular brushing, flossing, dental checkups and cleanings and rinse with hydrogen peroxide and baking soda and still have problems with halitosis, the first place to start may be with your healthcare provider to see if there is an underlying condition that needs to be treated. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • You must have heard many dental health experts saying, 'Taking care of your oral health is essential for your overall health and wellbeing. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • However, it can be easy to let our oral health fall by the wayside for two reasons. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • One, we don't fully understand the true importance of oral health. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • So today, let's go through five essential skills for maintaining your oral health. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • But first, let's understand the importance of oral health. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • These are two important reasons why oral health is essential for overall health and wellbeing. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • With that said, let's look at how poor oral health can affect our health in general. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • But now that we understand the importance of oral health, let's look at the skills you need to maintain it. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • A healthy diet is essential for a well-functioning body, but it's also critical for excellent oral health. (skillsyouneed.com)
  • Altogether, 81% of Korean college students experience halitosis and concomitant psychosocial problems such as depression and lowered self-esteem, as well as poor oral-health-related quality of life. (uitm.edu.my)
  • Probiotics: Evidence of Oral Health Implications by: Meurman Jukka H., et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • A critical appraisal of the effects of probiotics on oral health by: Parul Chugh, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
  • Helps to maintain an optimal oral health without the need for brushing . (vetnova.net)
Plaque2
Odors3
  • According to a 2011 study in the journal Current Opinion in Gastroenterology , taking probiotic supplements to introduce more friendly bacteria into the diet helped get rid of oral bacteria that produced odors. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • Detox Your System - Halitosis can result from toxins building up in your system and detoxing these can help reduce mouth odors. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • Oral hygiene cannot remove these odors. (msdmanuals.com)
Diseases2
  • This lecture will be focusing on inflammatory diseases of the feline oral cavity. (dvm360.com)
  • Moreover, halitosis can be indicative of underlying diseases. (journalcra.com)
Toothpaste3
  • Luvbiotics product line is also available in mouthwash and toothpaste, however, these products contain Lactobacillus parcasei which has been shown to inhibit Streptococcus mutans , the main bacteria that causes cavities. (healthnews.com)
  • These supplements are available in lozenges, chewable tablets or probiotic drinks, and even some kinds of toothpaste contain oral probiotics. (colgate.com)
  • Using a toothpaste with the bacteria- and cavity-fighting benefits of xylitol can complete a well-rounded dental routine. (oxyfresh.com)
Bacterial growth1
  • Citrus food containing Vitamin C neutralizes excessive build-up within Oral cavity hence reducing bacterial growth. (dane101.com)
Routine2
  • Otherwise, with the combination of dental probiotics and a good oral hygiene routine, halitosis should never hold you back. (colgate.com)
  • This could happen while they sit in a dental chair or at night when their parents are trying to help them complete their nighttime oral care routine. (rdhmag.com)
Mouth8
  • According to Logemann, "swallowing refers to the entire act of deglutition from placement of food in the mouth through the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages until the material enters the stomach through the gastroesophageal junction. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • Meenakshi P, Soumya Mohanan T V, Anjali S. Mask mouth: A Novel Threat to Oral cavity. (rjppd.org)
  • Numerous industrial oral care products consist of alcoholic drinks or sodium lauryl sulfate, which can better inflame as well as dehydrate your mouth. (abouthealthing.com)
  • These toothpastes are effective but entirely mouth-friendly for maintaining a balanced and healthy oral flora. (dentiwiki.co.uk)
  • When healthy, the lining of the mouth (oral mucosa) ranges in color from reddish pink to gradations of brown or black . (abettes-culinary.com)
  • Beef Up Your Zinc Intake - A diet lacking in zinc can be a cause of halitosis as this mineral aids in cleaning bacteria from the mouth with its antimicrobial properties. (prosperity-abounds.com)
  • One of the most densely populated and diverse sites of the human body is the mouth and gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), which extends from the oral cavity to the anus. (stemcelldaily.com)
  • Oral hygiene practices like the use of tooth brush, dental floss, and mouth wash also seem to result in lower levels. (who.int)
Candidiasis2
  • Adding to the good news, these strains of germs also helped reduce gum problems, pharyngitis, oral candidiasis, and dental cavities. (colgate.com)
  • Dysbiosis can result in reduced diversity and functionality of the normal flora, increased susceptibility to pathogens or opportunistic infections (such as Clostridium difficile colitis or oral candidiasis), altered immune responses or metabolic disorders (such as obesity or diabetes). (stemcelldaily.com)
Buccal mucosa1
  • The minor glands are located within the oral mucosa, including lips, buccal mucosa, and soft palate. (dentistrytoday.com)
Foods1
Chlorhexidine1
Mucosa1
  • The oral mucosa tends to be darker in dark-skinned individuals because their melanocytes (cells that produce melanin, a pigment that gives hair, skin, and eyes their color) are more active. (abettes-culinary.com)
Common5
  • Halitosis is a common condition that impacts about 50-65% of the world's population. (medscape.com)
  • Aspiration pneumonia is common among older adults due to poor oral hygiene, medication side effects, and medical comorbidities leading to increased risk of dysphagia. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • Poor oral hygiene is common in the elderly population, further increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)
  • Oral cancer is one of the most common types of cancer prevalent in the world today. (thehealthking.com)
  • Oral cancer is a common wound that for some reason does not heal. (thehealthking.com)
Treatment2
  • Halitosis treatment depends on the cause. (vin.com)
  • CulturedCare is an effective oral probiotic that can be used for re-colonization of the oral cavity after antibiotic treatment. (nutritionplus.com)
Cancer6
  • This will help to detect oral cancer in time. (thehealthking.com)
  • Oral cancer develops under the influence of certain factors. (thehealthking.com)
  • Excessive alcohol consumption is another reason for the development of oral cancer. (thehealthking.com)
  • Experts believe that the chances of developing oral cancer increase if a person smokes along with drinking. (thehealthking.com)
  • In 60% of cases, smokers are associated with the appearance of cancer of the oral cavity. (thehealthking.com)
  • If one of your relatives had experienced oral cancer, you should be especially attentive to yourself. (thehealthking.com)
Poor oral1
Antibacterial1
  • TROVAN Tablets contain trovafloxacin mesylate, a synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agent for oral administration. (nih.gov)
Tissues1
  • Obligatorily, we have to have toothbrushes within everyone's reach, quality brushes so that they do not cause damage to the tissues of the oral cavity, regardless of the purchase price of the product. (bvsalud.org)
Proper oral hygiene1
  • The patient in the present case was treated in the surgical center with mechanical larval removal, and those responsible for the patient were instructed for proper oral hygiene to prevent reinfestation. (bvsalud.org)
Gastrointestinal tract1
Smell1
  • Furthermore, advancing age contributes to a decrease in taste, smell, and oral moisture, which can further affect swallow physiology.18 The combination of these changes in the biomechanics of swallow function makes dysphagia a key contributor to pneumonia and malnutrition in the geriatric community. (todaysgeriatricmedicine.com)