• differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements indicated an average flux of 190 tons per day on 11 February. (si.edu)
  • This study describes a novel application of an "onion-peeling" approach to multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of shipping emissions aiming at investigating the strong horizontal inhomogeneities in NO 2 over a shipping lane. (copernicus.org)
  • Optical absorption spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), temperature dependent electrical conductivity, photoconductivity, and fluctuation electron microscopy are among the techniques we are applying to the study of thin films of GST fabricated at collaborating institutions. (mrs.org)
  • However, quantum-dots (QDs) based SDLs become increasingly popular, because they offer a number of advantages hardly achievable when using QWs, such as a reduced lasing threshold, a lower thermal sensitivity, and a higher differential gain. (uni-marburg.de)
  • This will lead to lasers with lower threshold currents, higher differential gain and less temperature dependence. (dtu.dk)
  • Reproducibility of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography RNFL map for glaucomatous and fellow normal eyes in unilateral glaucoma. (medscape.com)
  • Paracentral acute middle maculopathy is currently understood as a clinical sign evident on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and it is probably evidence of deep ischemic insult to the retina. (bvsalud.org)
  • The integral (ICS) and differential (DCS) excitation cross sections for X 1 Σ g + → B 1 Σ u + transition of H 2 molecule, in the range from near threshold up to 45 eV of positron energies, were reported in static (ST) and static-correlation-polarization (STPOL) levels. (epj.org)
  • By comparing the optical output characteristics of the TL and a laser diode with similar structure, it is suggested that the low differential quantum efficiency and the high threshold current density in the TL is related to the strong inter-valence band absorption in the heavily doped base layer. (aip.org)
  • Numerical modeling indicates that ZnO reduces the internal loss and increases the differential efficiency of TCO clad LDs. (edu.sa)
  • The strength of this coupling is to a large degree determined by the differential gain, which is a measure of the dependence of optical gain on carrier density. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
  • To target hypoglossal motoneurons with simultaneous pharmacological and optical stimuli we used customized "opto-dialysis" probes and chronically implanted them in mice expressing a light sensitive cation channel exclusively on cholinergic neurons (ChAT-ChR2, n = 12) and wild-type mice lacking the opsin (n = 10). (nature.com)
  • In SR, noise enhances detection of sub-threshold stimuli and the phenomenon is explained stating that the required amplitude to exceed the sensory threshold barrier can be reached by adding noise to a sub-threshold stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If the observer's sensorial system is not activated by stimuli below the threshold, then a second choice could not be above the chance level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To highlight the influence of optical-scattering losses on the SDL's performance, the thermal resistance of a reference low-surface-quality SDLs chip was analyzed. (uni-marburg.de)
  • By optimizing the VCSEL design with respect to differential gain, capacitance, electrical resistance and thermal impedance, the team has shown that 850 nm oxide-confined VCSELs with an aperture as large as 9 µm can achieve low threshold current, high differential efficiency and a modulation bandwidth as large as 21 GHz. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
  • We have minimized heat generation by carefully engineering the design of the distributed Bragg reflectors of the VCSEL to minimize the electrical resistance and the optical loss," said Larsson. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
  • Room temperature CW lasing was achieved at 445 nm for a ridge waveguide LD with a threshold current density of 10.4 kA/cm2, a threshold voltage of 5.8 V, and a differential resistance of 1.1 Ω. (edu.sa)
  • The work presented in this thesis was focussed on the development and testing of high-power semiconductor disk lasers based on novel quantum-dot structures, and the analysis of optical-scattering losses in SDLs in general. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Lasers can be divided into four categories: electrical pumping, chemical pumping, optical pumping, and pneumatic pumping according to the pumping method, and can also be divided into liquid lasers, gas lasers, semiconductor lasers, and solid-state lasers according to the gain medium. (precisesmu.com)
  • Although dense and hot systems can be generated in alternative ways, for example using intense optical lasers or particle beams, these never interact with a system at well-defined density. (fzu.cz)
  • In conventional lasers, the optical cavity determines the main characteristics of the laser emission: its geometry fixes the emission wavelengths and the lasing modes, as well as the direction of the laser emission. (nature.com)
  • The Bayer system measures both the volume and internal complexity (optical density) of erythrocytes, reticulocytes and platelets, unlike impedance counters that only measure volume of these cells. (vin.com)
  • Other than this example, the spatial modulation of the optical pump intensity has not been widely adopted. (nature.com)
  • We have increased the differential gain by using strained InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (rather than unstrained GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells), while choosing the In and Al content in the wells and barriers, respectively, to still enable lasing at 850 nm," commented Larsson. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
  • The product can collect the operating current, operating voltage, output optical power and other parameters of each aging device in real time, and monitor the heat sink temperature, cooling circulating water flow, and water temperature in real time. (precisesmu.com)
  • Our VCSELs are oxide-confined VCSELs where a small opening in an electrically isolating layer of oxidized AlAs is used as a current aperture and an optical waveguide," explained Larsson. (compoundsemiconductor.net)
  • Recently, emission control was demonstrated in a particular micro-random laser where modes could be selected independently: the random laser was pumped uniformly below threshold and the pump was shaped into a directive wedged channel to externally feed the random laser in a particular direction 19 . (nature.com)
  • According to the classical threshold concept, in any given trial, sensory events below threshold cannot be detected and are indistinguishable from one another. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our two-state ICS in DWA-ST level have quantitative agreement with experimental measurement at energies from threshold up to 18 eV and the inclusion of polarization effects increases the cross sections. (epj.org)
  • uniformly, download optical fiber communications 2000 of image text can encourage related by entertainment study. (fjsonline.de)
  • Improvement of spatial contrast sensitivity threshold after surgical reduction of intraocular pressure in unilateral high-tension glaucoma. (medscape.com)
  • There are, however, situations where laser emission is not fully controlled by the optical cavity. (nature.com)
  • The active medium itself essentially provides the optical gain when pumped by an external source. (nature.com)
  • Signal detection theory (SDT) emerged as an alternative framework to solve the shortcomings associated with classical threshold theory [ 19 - 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we've learned that optical surface-scattering is a non-negligible component of loss in an SDL system, thus further contributing to an understanding of limitations to high-power operation. (uni-marburg.de)
  • 13] F. Hanson and S. Radic, "High bandwidth underwater optical communication," Appl. (edu.iq)
  • The TL demonstrates continuous-wave operation at −190 °C with a threshold current of I B = 35 mA. (aip.org)
  • We are investigating the fundamental optical, electronic, and structural properties of the Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST) phase-change alloy that is used as the active medium in rewritable optical memory disks, and in current-switched phase-change random access memories now under development. (mrs.org)
  • Journal of Physics B-Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics. (edu.au)
  • Post-growth technologies for removing the growth substrate and for transfer the heterostructure on an alien carrier with an optical reflector have been developed. (hse.ru)
  • Deleuze identifies the scene as illustrative of the transition from one regime of images to another: it depicts -a necessary passage from the crisis of image-action to the pure optical-sound image (Deleuze, 1985/1989, p.3)-it is the threshold that heralds the transformation of the movement-image into a time-image. (bvsalud.org)
  • 15] F. Hanson and M. Lasher, "Effects of underwater turbulence on laser beam propagation and coupling into single-mode optical fiber," Appl. (edu.iq)
  • We are that these Views are when both ethical and separate questions are human, with the download optical fiber mortality also than the Efficient interest Pursuing the open refuge. (fjsonline.de)
  • valid download optical fiber communications strolls brief for rules with exploration who are younger than 50 studies and wish other C1 realist attempts( for Use, many Turkish Documentation of 5 provider to 10 fiber). (fjsonline.de)
  • To play the s download optical fiber communications bedrock, we relate statistical computer of the last different relation. (fjsonline.de)
  • used in Istanbul, Turkey, the download optical fiber communications focused into a full localization in 1971 but generalized past as the cost of rating( from University Website). (fjsonline.de)
  • The core diameter of this fiber, as defined by both the 80/10 fit and the 2.5 percent threshold, falls within industry standards. (cablinginstall.com)
  • Both the 80/10 fit and the 2.5-percent threshold are applied to the measured near field, which is a plot of measured power as a function of radial position in the fiber. (cablinginstall.com)
  • 2011,' Modeling connections in s edges vol. the cultural example attribution Paleography', Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics, vol. (fjsonline.de)
  • Therefore, if detection exists below the classical threshold level, then the model to explain the SR phenomenon or any other tactile perception phenomena based on the psychophysical classical threshold is not valid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1] K. Nakamura, I. Mizukoshi, and M. Hanawa, "Optical wireless transmission of 405 nm, 1.45 Gbit/s optical IM/DD-OFDM signals through a 4.8 m underwater channel," Opt. (edu.iq)
  • Accepts low-level differential or single-ended 5V logic level signals from shaft encoders, linear encoders, incremental encoders or optical encoders. (laurels.com)
  • From experimental input-output characteristics based on thermal roll-over for different output-coupler transmittance values, the optical surface-scattering losses were identified when using an expanded model that takes into account non-heating losses in a device. (uni-marburg.de)
  • In this Letter, we achieve experimental control of the random laser spectral emission by optimization of the optical pump profile. (nature.com)
  • In a significant number of publications the classical threshold concept plays a central role in modelling and explaining psychophysical experimental results such as in stochastic resonance (SR) phenomena. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, our experimental results are above that chance level contradicting the definition of the classical tactile threshold. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 9] W. Cox and J. Muth, "Simulating channel losses in an underwater optical communication system," J. Opt. (edu.iq)
  • Statistical distribution of intensity fluctuations for underwater wireless optical channels in the presence of air bubbles," in Proc. (edu.iq)
  • Future research aims at achieving higher confinement, e.g. by taking advantage of strain effects in the InAlGaAs material system, and laser structures for electrical and optical pumping are being processed. (dtu.dk)
  • In the case of optical radiation, this is because of the presence of a critical surface for the absorption, while for particle beams the pulse lengths are generally too long to justify neglecting hydrodynamic expansion. (fzu.cz)
  • It should be a differential diagnosis in cases of marked low vision acuity associated with no fundus abnormalities in the immediate postoperative period, as demonstrated in the presented case. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cell population thresholds (some of them mobiles and the others fixed) give the normal limits for the normal leukocyte morphologies. (horiba.com)
  • Optical light scatter Each cell flows in a single line througha flowcell. (slideshare.net)
  • Our investigation of the effects of prolonged illumination by above-bandgap light on the optical properties of amorphous GST revealed a pronounced photo-oxidation effect. (mrs.org)
  • This differential effect on tonic motor activity versus responsivity informs human studies of the potential beneficial effects of taltirelin on pharyngeal motor control and OSA pharmacotherapy. (nature.com)
  • 4.8 Gbit/s 16-QAM-OFDM transmission based on compact 450-nm laser for underwater wireless optical communication," Opt. (edu.iq)
  • It is the light passing through the cells that is measured (optical transmission). (horiba.com)
  • The absorbency is determined from this optical transmission. (horiba.com)
  • The 2.5-percent threshold method defines the core diameter at the point at which the power is reduced to 2.5 percent of the normalized power. (cablinginstall.com)
  • The perpetual crisis of Late Capitalism, ubiquitously present in our quotidian as background to all being-doing, is confronted by the non-method of the mise-en-crise of our devising. (bvsalud.org)
  • Arduino hardware and software for an underwater wireless optical communication system (UWOC). (edu.iq)
  • Han, and N. Deng, "OFDM-based broadband underwater wireless optical communication system using a compact blue LED," Opt. (edu.iq)
  • Optical Wireless Communication System, S. Arnon, J. (edu.iq)
  • Fickenscher, "The effect of air bubbles on an underwater optical communications system for wireless sensor network applications," Microw. (edu.iq)
  • Previously, we reported [1] the unambiguous determination of the optical band gaps of amorphous, fcc and hexagonal phases of GST by proper analyses of optical data (SE, IR absorption spectra, and photoconductivity). (mrs.org)
  • Alouini, and B.S. Ooi, "2.3 Gbit/s underwater wireless optical communications using directly modulated 520 nm laser diode,"Opt. (edu.iq)
  • By actively shaping the optical pump within the random laser, single-mode operation at any selected wavelength is achieved with spectral selectivity down to 0.06 nm and more than 10 dB side-lobe rejection. (nature.com)
  • BIMMF has an innovative core design that incorporates a graded-index core profile combined with a specially engineered optical trench. (cablinginstall.com)
  • Results show an average of 67.35% (STD = 1.41%) for the second choice response that is not explained by the classical threshold definition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Free tests of this software are available within the Culture Diff' Client Area . (culturediff.org)
  • Using a second choice experiment, we show that individuals can order sensorial events below the level known as the classical threshold. (biomedcentral.com)