Optic nerve is brain. Medical search. Frequent questions

Changes in the VHL gene make the development of numerous benign and cancerous tumors, including in the brain and spinal cord , more likely. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Individuals with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of central nervous system lymphoma , which affects the brain and spinal cord. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In the new study, NEI researchers explored the role of myocilin in other tissues in these mice, focusing on a peripheral nerve that connects the spinal cord to muscles in the leg. (nih.gov)
Ependymomas , which usually begin in the lining of the ventricles (large open structures deep in the brain) or in the spinal cord, near the cerebellum. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that can appear in the brain or spinal cord. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Meningeal tumors , such as meningioma, which arise from the membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
The fluid bathing your brain and spinal cord is known as cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF. (healthline.com)
NMOSD can affect the optic nerves, brain stem, spinal cord and brain. (sciencedaily.com)
Multiple sclerosis ( MS ) is a potentially disabling autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). (medicinenet.com)
The damage can occur in any part of the brain, optic nerve or spinal cord. (medicinenet.com)
Nerves in any part of the brain or spinal cord may be damaged causing multiple sclerosis symptoms to appear in many parts of the body. (medicinenet.com)
MS is a disease that affects the spinal cord, brain and optic nerves. (yahoo.com)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by disseminated patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)

Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
Four MS patients had a history of bilateral optic neuritis (ON), four had a history of unilateral ON, and 4 had no history of ON. (elsevierpure.com)
Optic neuritis (ON) is a demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve that often occurs in association with multiple sclerosis (MS) and, much less commonly, neuromyelitis optica (NMO). (medscape.com)
A case of acute optic neuritis. (medscape.com)
Optic neuritis is most common among adults 20 to 40 years. (msdmanuals.com)
Optic neuritis is often the presenting manifestation of multiple sclerosis. (msdmanuals.com)
General references Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. (msdmanuals.com)
TNF-alpha inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause optic neuritis. (msdmanuals.com)
Optic neuritis in the era of biomarkers. (msdmanuals.com)
Clinical phenotype, radiological features, and treatment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) optic neuritis. (msdmanuals.com)
The main symptom of optic neuritis is vision loss, frequently maximal within several days and varying from a small central or paracentral scotoma to complete blindness. (msdmanuals.com)
A few exudates and hemorrhages may be present near or on the optic disk, but this is rare for most cases of optic neuritis. (msdmanuals.com)
Although intravenous (IV) corticosteroid is standard therapy for acute optic neuritis (ON), it was unclear whether a bioequivalent dose of oral corticosteroid would be as effective. (medscape.com)

Optic nerve aplasia (ONA, OMIM 165550) is a very rare unilateral or bilateral condition that leads to blindness in the affected eye, and is usually associated with other ocular abnormalities. (molvis.org)
No major abnormalities in these lipids were detected in the sciatic nerve of the β-gal -/- mice. (nih.gov)
The abnormalities in GM1 and myelin lipids in optic nerve of β-gal -/- mice correlated with a reduction in the relative amount of myelin and periodicity in fresh nerve. (nih.gov)
Your doctor may order an MRI test or a CT scan of your head to check for tumors or other abnormalities in your brain and skull. (healthline.com)
Visual evoked potentials may be abnormal even when visual acuity is normal and when MRI of the optic nerve reveals no abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Other associated features may include skeletal abnormalities (butterfly vertebrae, scoliosis), strabismus, optic nerve hypoplasia and brain malformations. (cdc.gov)

The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. (medlineplus.gov)
Myelin sheaths cover the brain's nerve fibers, which keep them insulated. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the left and right brain hemispheres. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1.2 million nerve fibers in the average person. (wikipedia.org)
As a consequence, a great number of fibers from the temporal retina cross the midline at the optic chiasm and project contralaterally. (arvojournals.org)
They found that myocilin appears to promote the formation of myelin-the insulation that protects nerve fibers and enables them to rapidly transmit electrical signals. (nih.gov)
In MS, the body's immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath that covers the nerve fibers. (medicinenet.com)
Symptoms may vary with people because of the location of affected nerve fibers and the severity of the disease. (medicinenet.com)

Medieval physicians understood that the presence of a fixed dilated pupil indicated optic nerve obstruction, preventing the passage of visual spirit, and that cataract surgery in such cases would not restore sight. (nature.com)

In MS, chronic inflammation damages these myelin sheaths, which can result in brain lesions, also known as plaques. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These reduce nerve inflammation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Encephalitis Encephalitis is inflammation of the parenchyma of the brain, resulting from direct viral invasion or occurring as a postinfectious immunologic complication caused by a hypersensitivity reaction. (msdmanuals.com)
In about two thirds of patients, inflammation is entirely retrobulbar, causing no visible changes to the optic nerve head. (msdmanuals.com)
ON occurs in half of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and is the presenting demyelinating event in 15% to 20% of all patients with MS. Visual recovery typically begins within 30 days of symptom onset, reflecting resolution of optic nerve inflammation, but corticosteroids can hasten recovery to begin as early as 1 week. (medscape.com)

The retina takes the light the eye receives and changes it into nerve signals so the brain can understand what the eye is seeing. (kidshealth.org)
Once it reaches the retina, light is changed into nerve signals that are sent to the brain. (senior.com)
It occurs when the color-sensitive cells in the retina do not properly pick up or send the proper color signals to the brain. (ferris.edu)
Now researchers have begun analyzing scans of James' brain that detected some puzzling signals from that all-important but injured optic nerve. (nwahomepage.com)
The optic nerve carries signals from the retina to the brain, which interprets them as visual images. (kidshealth.org)
When the protective myelin is damaged, the nerve fiber gets exposed causing the nerve signals to slow down or get blocked. (medicinenet.com)
The retina then generates the signals passed by the optic nerve to the brain and interpreted as vision. (cdc.gov)
Sarah 3:35 signals from your brain to your body quickly. (uwo.ca)
The circadian system's main synchronizer is the 24-hour pattern of light and dark reaching our eye retina, which sends those signals via the optic nerve to a cluster of cells in the brain's hypothalamus region called the master biological clock, which in turn regulates circadian rhythms. (cdc.gov)
How the brain interprets the signals it receives from the optic nerve. (lu.se)

Glaucoma usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises and damages the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
Glaucoma-increase in fluid pressure inside the eye that leads to optic nerve damage and loss of vision. (senior.com)
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve. (specsavers.co.uk)
Glaucoma typically develops when this increased pressure damages the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, and harms the nerve fibres from the retina, the light-sensitive nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye. (specsavers.co.uk)
A new study from the National Eye Institute reveals that myocilin-a protein linked to a significant fraction of glaucoma-is needed to insulate peripheral nerves. (nih.gov)
Glaucoma is a group of disorders that damage the optic nerve, which is the connection between the eyes and the brain. (nih.gov)
They reason that an abnormal myelin sheath could make the optic nerve susceptible to damage, leading to glaucoma. (nih.gov)
Glaucoma develops when the optic nerve becomes damaged. (mayoclinic.org)
Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve , which connects the eyes to the brain. (allaboutvision.com)

The brain has twelve pairs of cranial nerves that make different functions possible. (allaboutvision.com)
Examples of these functions include vision (cranial nerve #2), pupil restriction and eyelid elevation (cranial nerve #3), and ocular mobility (cranial nerve #4). (allaboutvision.com)
During a routine eye exam, cranial nerves 2, 3, 4 and 6 are evaluated. (allaboutvision.com)
Neuro-ophthalmological exams will test other cranial nerves to determine if an issue is present in the brain and, if so, where it's located. (allaboutvision.com)
Cranial nerves are located in different regions of the brain, so if the function of one or more cranial nerves is affected, it can help neuro-ophthalmologists map where the problem may be. (allaboutvision.com)
The optic nerve, also called cranial nerve 2, transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. (bvsalud.org)
With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate. (bvsalud.org)

ONH is often referred to as septo-optic dysplasia, a term that refers to agenesis of the septum pellucidum. (wikipedia.org)

However, the study authors suggest that the brain tumor can affect memory. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A brain tumor diagnosis brings on lots of questions. (uvahealth.com)
When you choose UVA Health for brain tumor treatment, you get expert care from a deeply experienced team that understands your challenges. (uvahealth.com)
We don't just treat your brain tumor. (uvahealth.com)
Learn about your options for benign brain tumor treatment . (uvahealth.com)
Brain Tumor Diagnosis? (uvahealth.com)
The most common type of brain tumor is glioma. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
If you have a brain tumor, your doctor may recommend surgery to remove part or all of the tumor, especially if the tumor is cancerous. (healthline.com)
Visual Outcome and Tumor Control After Conformal Radiotherapy for Patients With Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma. (medscape.com)

The disorder is ophthalmoscopically distinct from optic nerve hypoplasia. (molvis.org)
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a medical condition arising from the underdevelopment of the optic nerve(s). (wikipedia.org)

Optic nerve atrophy is damage to the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
Optic nerve MRI measurements included the length of T2 lesions, measurement of optic nerve atrophy, magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures. (elsevierpure.com)
Optic nerve atrophy was measured by a novel method with high reproducibility. (elsevierpure.com)
Brain MRI measurements included T1 and T2 lesion volumes (LVs) and their relative MTRs, and tissue class specific atrophy, MTR and DTI measures. (elsevierpure.com)

Optic nerve aplasia, a lack of optic nerve axons and retinal blood vessels, is very rare. (aao.org)
Background: Measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in multiple sclerosis (MS) is gaining increasing attention. (elsevierpure.com)
Optic nerve swelling can happen when CSF builds up where your optic nerve and the central retinal vein travel between your brain and your eye nerve. (healthline.com)
Derived from the embryonic retinal ganglion cell, a diverticulum located in the diencephalon, the optic nerve doesn't regenerate after transection. (absoluteastronomy.com)

The term optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) does not indicate a definite site of origin. (medscape.com)
Secondary ONSMs are much more common than primary ONSMs, but the unqualified term "optic nerve sheath meningioma" ordinarily refers to primary ONSM. (medscape.com)
Sarcoid masquerading as optic nerve sheath meningioma. (medscape.com)
Miller NR. New concepts in the diagnosis and management of optic nerve sheath meningioma. (medscape.com)

Although bilateral ONA often occurs in association with severe congenital anomalies of the brain, nonsyndromic sporadic forms with bilateral ONA have been described. (molvis.org)
Optic nerve aplasia (ONA, OMIM #165550 ) is a very rare congenital anomaly that can be unilateral or bilateral. (molvis.org)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes damage and scarring to nerve tissue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In multiple sclerosis, there is a development of hard areas called 'plaques' along a neuron's axon (part of a nerve cell). (medicinenet.com)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a nervous system disease that affects the brain, optic nerve (which helps. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers may soon be able to look at images of our brains to help diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS) earlier. (medlineplus.gov)
Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system (the brain and. (medlineplus.gov)

Changes in the TP53 gene increase the risk of gliomas in the brain and other areas of the body, such as the breasts. (medicalnewstoday.com)
This is where people have mutations on the APC , MLH1 , or PMS2 genes that increase the risk of brain tumors and gliomas. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Optic nerve gliomas , which usually start in the optic nerve. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. (wikipedia.org)

Tests for optic nerve disorders may include eye exams, ophthalmoscopy (an examination of the back of your eye), and imaging tests . (medlineplus.gov)
With some optic nerve disorders, you may get your vision back. (medlineplus.gov)
Until now, there was little reason to suspect this new role for myocilin, since mutations in the myocilin gene do not appear to cause peripheral nerve disorders. (nih.gov)
In this scientific session, investigators will present data that suggest that brain MRI biomarkers can play an important role in the screening, triaging, and referral of patients with suspected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorders. (auntminnie.com)
China and colleagues sought to evaluate how effective MRI biomarkers could be for predicting intracranial pressure in patients with CSF disorders via a study that included 325 patients with suspected CSF disorders who underwent brain MRI scans within three months of elective 24-hour ICP monitoring. (auntminnie.com)
Brain MRI biomarkers could offer significant data to clinicians for the screening, triaging, and referral of patients with suspected CSF dynamic disorders, according to the researchers. (auntminnie.com)

Mice lacking myocilin had thinner myelin in their peripheral nerves. (nih.gov)
By contrast, the relative amount of myelin and periodicity in the sciatic nerves from control and β-gal -/- mice were indistinguishable, suggesting minimal pathological involvement in sciatic nerve. (nih.gov)
Sarah 3:22 the nerves in your body, they're covered with like an insulating layer, and like the myelin. (uwo.ca)

If that system is blocked or isn't functioning well, the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) builds, which in turn damages the optic nerve. (mayoclinic.org)
This extra pressure is what damages the optic nerve. (allaboutvision.com)

when unilateral, it can occur with normal brain development. (aao.org)

What symptoms do MS brain lesions cause? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Most people (including children) don't experience symptoms until optic nerve damage has already occurred. (allaboutvision.com)

We will trace the history of ideas about optic nerve anatomy and function in the Western world from the ancient Greeks to the early 20th century and show how these influenced causal theories of optic nerve diseases. (nature.com)

Medulloblastoma , which commonly occurs in the cerebellum and blocks cerebrospinal fluid from draining, causing increased pressure in the brain. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

Fetal brain disruption sequence is hypothesized to underlie the devastating effects of the virus on the central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
In his physiology of the nervous system, psychic pneuma was collected in the ventricles of the brain and distributed through the nerves to all parts of the body to provide them with sensation and motion. (nature.com)
A neuro-ophthalmologist is an eye doctor who deals with vision or eye problems associated with conditions of the brain and nervous system. (allaboutvision.com)
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals-only a few primitive invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, sea squirts and starfishes do not have one. (absoluteastronomy.com)

The optic disc appears abnormally small, because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. (wikipedia.org)
Your doctor may diagnose you with papilledema if your optic disc, which is at the end of the optic nerve, looks abnormally blurry or high up. (healthline.com)

Corticosteroids, such as prednisone (Deltasone), dexamethasone (Ozurdex), and hydrocortisone (Cortef), can all be used to keep swelling down in your brain. (healthline.com)
Corticosteroids have a long history of use for treatment of acute demyelinating events, reducing blood-brain barrier breakdown and accelerating recovery from acute relapse. (medscape.com)

This damage can result in lesions in the brain that can affect balance, vision, and other functions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Doctors can identify MS brain lesions with different imaging techniques. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Not all brain lesions are necessarily due to MS, but research shows that certain lesions are particularly characteristic of the condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
What do brain lesions look like? (medicalnewstoday.com)
Lesions may appear as bright or dark spots, and some brain lesions have darker outer edges that appear to expand. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The following pictures show what brain lesions may look like on an MRI scan. (medicalnewstoday.com)

2 The second encompassed the period 1791 to the 1840s when the nature of galvanism and its role in nerve conduction was studied. (nature.com)

As the optic nerve deteriorates, blind spots and vision changes develop. (ferris.edu)
As this nerve gradually deteriorates, blind spots develop in your vision. (mayoclinic.org)

This condition is the most common congenital optic nerve anomaly. (wikipedia.org)

If the pressure is consistently high, it can start to affect the sensitive nerve fibres at the back of the eye. (specsavers.co.uk)
The growth of anatomy and influence of mechanical philosophy from the 17th century led to visual spirit being replaced with the concept of nerve force, which later became associated with electricity travelling along nerve fibres. (nature.com)
This bundle of nerve fibres transmits information from the eye to the brain, enabling us to see. (newscientist.com)
This, they reasoned, would maximise the chances of the nerve fibres regenerating and establishing a connection with James's brain. (newscientist.com)

Astrocytomas , which typically occur in the cerebellum, the area of the brain that plays a role in almost all of the body's physical movement. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

Papilledema is when pressure in your brain makes your optic nerve swell. (healthline.com)
When pressure pushes on the nerve and vein, blood and fluid can't leave the eye at a normal rate, causing papilledema. (healthline.com)
If your doctor believes a brain condition is causing papilledema, they'll do additional tests. (healthline.com)

Damage to an optic nerve can cause vision loss . (medlineplus.gov)
During the Renaissance, the organ of vision was transferred from the lens to the optic nerve, which was generally believed to be on the axis of the eye. (nature.com)
The acuity of central vision (at the optic disc) was explained by the concentration of visual spirit where the optic nerve met the retina. (nature.com)
The optic nerves came together at the chiasma (from the Greek letter × -chi) in order to produce a single impression in binocular vision but did not interchange. (nature.com)
If the optic nerve is affected, the person loses vision. (indiatimes.com)
So, for example, a neuro-ophthalmologist would be called to examine an individual who is experiencing vision loss following a brain injury or a patient who has difficulty controlling their eye movements. (allaboutvision.com)
The optic nerve sends visual information from your eye to your brain and is vital for good vision. (mayoclinic.org)
Vision is the process by which images captured by the eye are interpreted by the brain, and the visible part of the eye is where the process of sight begins. (kidshealth.org)

Results: LCLA, RNFL-OCT and optic nerve radius measures showed more robust differences between NC and MS patients, and between MS patients with affected and unaffected eyes. (elsevierpure.com)
But our neuro-oncologists only see patients with brain tumors. (uvahealth.com)
Patients come from around the world come to Cincinnati Children's for expert treatment for brain tumors in children or young adults. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

Optic nerve regeneration: A long view. (nih.gov)
Axon Regeneration in the Mammalian Optic Nerve. (nih.gov)

The nerve behind the eye that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. (asu.edu)

According to the American Cancer Society (ACS) , most brain tumors develop in people who do not have any risk factors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some people claim that electromagnetic fields from cell phones could increase the likelihood of developing brain tumors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Changes in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene make it more likely for benign tumors in the brain and elsewhere in the body to occur. (medicalnewstoday.com)
People with a history of head injuries may be at a higher risk of brain tumors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A 2006 study found that people with brain tumors were more likely to report a history of head trauma. (medicalnewstoday.com)
You'll have access to clinical trials and a team of neuro-oncologists who focus only on brain tumors. (uvahealth.com)
Brain tumors account for only 1-2% of all cancer. (uvahealth.com)
Not all brain tumors are cancer. (uvahealth.com)
Benign brain tumors, including pituitary tumors, still require experienced care. (uvahealth.com)
We can then tell which brain tumors will respond best to chemotherapy, gene therapy, or other therapies. (uvahealth.com)
Germ cell tumors of the brain include germinoma, teratoma, embryonal carcinoma and yolk-sac tumors. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Choroid plexus tumors , which arise from cells lining the ventricles of the brain. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

A. 1.5 Tesla, contrast-enhanced spin echo T1-weighted, fat-suppressed coronal MRI through the orbits shows enlargement and contrast enhancement of the left optic nerve in the retrobulbar portion (arrow). (medscape.com)

These ectopic, extradural meningiomas do not appear to have a connection to the optic nerve sheath or the optic canal and do not appear to originate intracranially. (medscape.com)

Unlike other facial features, the eye receives blood from the brain region directly behind the eyeball. (newscientist.com)
Last month, tingles heralded healing facial nerves. (michiganradio.org)

Exposure to toxic substances, such as paint, solvents, and some pesticides, could increase the risk of brain cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)

We were surprised to see that myocilin has essential functions in the peripheral nerves," Dr. Tomarev said. (nih.gov)
Gliomedin is mostly absent from the eye, but is present in peripheral nerves, where it could compensate for the loss of myocilin, he said. (nih.gov)

In the context of MS, a lesion refers to an area of damage in the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Damage to the optic nerve is often related to high pressure in your eye. (mayoclinic.org)
For reasons that doctors don't fully understand, this nerve damage is usually related to increased pressure in the eye. (mayoclinic.org)

According to the Greek physician,Galen (CE 129-c.216), whose influence on anatomy prevailed in the Western world until the 16th century, nerve 'channels' were described by Herophilus (c.330-260 BCE) 3 and Erasistratus (c.330-255 BCE), 4 the first documented human anatomists who taught in Hellenistic Alexandria. (nature.com)
Anatomy:The optic nerve is the second of. (absoluteastronomy.com)

These risk factors vary depending on the type of brain cancer and include genetic, individual, and demographic factors. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Whole brain lesion and GM measures are predictive of impaired visual function with corresponding structural concomitants. (elsevierpure.com)
At the same time, other areas of the brain are reflexively using light-derived information to control other visual functions, such as programming biological clocks, controlling eye muscle movements as you read, and even influencing your mood. (vt.edu)
My hope is that by unmasking the landscape of this part of the brain, we will begin to develop a better understanding of the role it plays in processing visual information. (vt.edu)
This will let him classify the very first cells to receive visual input in this brain region. (vt.edu)
Greek and Roman humoral physiology needed a hollow optic nerve, the obstruction of which prevented the flow of visual spirit to and from the brain and resulted in blindness. (nature.com)
These results indicate that the rhodospin gene is expressed in the retina and brain and mediates not only visual but also nonvisual functions such as photoperiodism and entrainment of the circadian clock. (bioone.org)
Colobomas of the macula and/or optic disk usually affect visual acuity significantly. (chargesyndrome.org)
Additional limitations include possible referral bias, possible lack of generalizability outside academic tertiary care centers, and absence of optical coherence tomography, which might have detected subclinical axonal attrition in the optic nerves known to limit expected visual recovery. (medscape.com)

The group evaluated five biomarkers for any association between them and results from the 24-hour ICP tracking: Yuh sella grade, optic nerve vertical tortuosity, optic nerve sheath distension, posterior globe flattening, and optic disc protrusion. (auntminnie.com)

Thanks to these data, the researchers are now examining whether myocilin plays a similar role in the optic nerve. (nih.gov)
In this scientific session, researchers will present study findings that suggest that a deep learning-based fast MRI reconstruction model improves the efficiency and quality of brain MRI exams in both spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences. (auntminnie.com)

Anatomy80

Organisms13

Diseases60

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care2

Spinal cord13

Neuritis13

Abnormalities6

Fibers8

Dilated pupil1

Inflammation5

Signals10

Glaucoma9

Cranial8

Septo-Optic Dys1

Tumor9

Hypoplasia2

Atrophy4

Retinal4

Sheath meningioma4

Bilateral2

Multiple sclerosis5

Gliomas3

Malformations1

Disorders6

Myelin3

Damages2

Unilateral1

Symptoms2

Diseases1

Cerebrospinal fluid1

Nervous system4

Abnormally2

Corticosteroids2

Lesions6

Conduction1

Deteriorates2

Congenital1

Fibres4

Cerebellum1

Papilledema3

Vision8

Patients3

Regeneration2

Transmits1

Tumors12

Retrobulbar1

Originate1

Facial2

Toxic substances1

Peripheral2

Damage3

Anatomy2

Genetic1

Visual8

Biomarkers1

Researchers2