Optic nerve injuries. Medical search. Frequent questions

Glaucoma usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises and damages the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
This drug is currently used clinically for the treatment of migraines, while also being used experimentally for the treatment of glaucoma and optic nerve injury. (wikipedia.org)
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. (mayoclinic.org)
Glaucoma develops when the optic nerve becomes damaged. (mayoclinic.org)
Glaucoma is a collection of eye diseases that affect the optic nerve, which is essential for good vision. (trustedhealthproducts.com)
The injury to the optic nerve causes glaucoma. (trustedhealthproducts.com)
Your optic nerve is injured with normal-tension glaucoma even though your eye pressure is within the usual range. (trustedhealthproducts.com)
Researchers recently reported a technique that increases the regenerative capacity of retinal axons in a mouse model of optic nerve injury, a model commonly used to study glaucoma and other optic neuropathies. (nih.gov)
Newswise - A form of gene therapy protects optic nerve cells and preserves vision in mouse models of glaucoma, according to research supported by NIH's National Eye Institute. (newswise.com)
Glaucoma results from irreversible neurodegeneration of the optic nerve, the bundle of axons from retinal ganglion cells that transmits signals from the eye to the brain to produce vision. (newswise.com)
Our study is the first to show that activating the CaMKII pathway helps protect retinal ganglion cells from a variety of injuries and in multiple glaucoma models," said the study's lead investigator, Bo Chen, Ph.D., associate professor of ophthalmology and neuroscience at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City. (newswise.com)
Optic nerve crush has been used as a model neuronal injury, including glaucoma, traumatic optic neuropathies, neurodegeneration and CNS injury. (pharmoptima.com)
Applications include traumatic optic neuropathy, glaucoma and neurodegenerative disease. (pharmoptima.com)
Glaucomatous injury is a pathohistological feature of glaucoma in the optic nerve. (pharmoptima.com)
The optic nerve crush model can test agents treating glaucoma, traumatic optic neuropathies, neurodegeneration, and CNS injury and inflammation. (pharmoptima.com)
In fact, studies have shown that red light may protect vision and even support a reversal of age-related ocular (eye) disorders such as macular degeneration and glaucoma, as well as eye injuries. (platinumtherapylights.com)

A review of optic neuropathies. (uchicago.edu)
Hereditary optic neuropathies result from genetic defects that cause vision loss and occasionally cardiac or neurologic abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
It is believed to be the most common of the hereditary optic neuropathies, with prevalence in the range of 1:10,000 to 1:50,000. (msdmanuals.com)

Park KK , Luo X, Mooney SJ , Yungher BJ , Belin S , Wang C , Holmes MM , He Z . Retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury in naked mole-rats. (neurotree.org)
Using an antibody marker of CaMKII activity, Chen's team discovered that CaMKII pathway signaling was compromised whenever retinal ganglion cells were exposed to toxins or trauma from a crush injury to the optic nerve, suggesting a correlation between CaMKII activity and retinal ganglion cell survival. (newswise.com)

Comparison of optic nerve to retina following an ONC showed a much greater concentration of GFPhi cells and GFPlo microglia in the optic nerve. (umn.edu)
Optic nerve injury also induced Ki67+ cells in the optic nerve but not in the retina. (umn.edu)
Comparison of the retinal myeloid cell response after full versus partial ONT revealed fewer GFPhi cells and GFPlo microglia in the retina following a full ONT despite it being a more severe injury, suggesting that full transection of the optic nerve can block the migration of responding myeloid cells to the retina. (umn.edu)
Our results suggest that the optic nerve can be a reservoir for activated microglia and other retinal myeloid cells in the retina following optic nerve injury. (umn.edu)
We profiled the retina transcriptome of Lister Hooded rats at 2 weeks after optic nerve crush (ONC) and analyzed the data from the genomic fabric paradigm (GFP) to bring additional insights into the molecular mechanisms of the retinal remodeling after induction of RGC degeneration. (elsevierpure.com)
Goldberg and colleagues have demonstrated through a series of interventions in mice with optic nerve injury that they can successfully regenerate retinal ganglion cells axons, which form the optic nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. (nih.gov)
Crush injury to the optic nerve severs the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons leading to the gradual death of RGC neurons in the retina. (pharmoptima.com)

Haemodilution and head-down tilting induce functional injury in the rat optic nerve: A model for peri-operative ischemic optic neuropathy. (uchicago.edu)
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a common cause of sudden loss of vision, especially in the elderly. (aetna.com)
To resolve the controversy over the effectiveness of optic nerve decompression for NAION, the National Eye Institute sponsored the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial, a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial of optic nerve decompression surgery for patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
A structured evidence review (Dickersin and Manheimer, 2002) concluded that "[r]esults from the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial indicate that optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is not effective. (aetna.com)

Traumatic optic neuropathy is a devastating potential complication of closed head injury. (medscape.com)
The hallmark of an optic neuropathy, traumatic or otherwise, is a loss of visual function, which can manifest by subnormal visual acuity, visual field loss, or color vision dysfunction. (medscape.com)
The presence of an afferent pupillary defect strongly suggests a prechiasmal location for the injury and is necessary to support the diagnosis of traumatic optic neuropathy. (medscape.com)
Vision loss associated with traumatic optic neuropathy can be partial or complete and temporary or permanent. (medscape.com)
In polytraumatized patients with poor awareness, CT scanning with clinical exploration is the most important method for the assessment of traumatic optic neuropathy in the acute emergency setting. (medscape.com)
Patients suspected of sustaining traumatic optic neuropathy should undergo visual field testing. (medscape.com)
Although no visual field defects are pathognomonic of traumatic optic neuropathy, quantification of visual field defects is useful to assess convalescent visual improvements. (medscape.com)
Historically, the 3 treatment paradigms advocated for traumatic optic neuropathy are observation, medical corticosteroid therapy, or optic canal decompression. (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] In the early 1900s, transcranial unroofing of the optic canal was the surgical procedure of choice for traumatic optic neuropathy treatment. (medscape.com)
During this period, systemic corticosteroid treatment was also extended to treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy. (medscape.com)
Recent advances in endoscopic instrumentation and intranasal sinus surgical techniques have refined extracranial surgical approaches for traumatic optic neuropathy. (medscape.com)
The traumatic optic neuropathy occurs in 0.5 to 5% of closed head trauma cases. (koreamed.org)
Vision loss in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy typically begins between 15 and 35 years (range, 1 to 80 years). (msdmanuals.com)
Some patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy have cardiac conduction defects. (msdmanuals.com)
Optic nerve crush serves as a useful model for traumatic optic neuropathy and mimics glaucomatous injury, similarly inducing RGC cell death and degeneration. (pharmoptima.com)

Retrobulbar block is type of regional anesthetic nerve block used in intraocular surgery. (medscape.com)
If that system is blocked or isn't functioning well, the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) builds, which in turn damages the optic nerve. (mayoclinic.org)

Drainage blockages or an underlying medical issue could cause optic nerve injury. (trustedhealthproducts.com)
The condition involves a build up of fluid in the brain, which can cause optic nerve damage and other injuries, and often can only be relieved through a lumbar puncture. (aboutlawsuits.com)

Researchers identified a small molecule capable of stimulating nerve regeneration and restoring vision following injury to the optic nerve. (neurosciencenews.com)
Optic nerve diseases and regeneration: How far are we from the promised land? (neurotree.org)
Subtype-specific survival and regeneration of retinal ganglion cells in response to injury. (neurotree.org)
Retinal ganglion cell expression of cytokine enhances occupancy of NG2 cell-derived astrocytes at the nerve injury site: Implication for axon regeneration. (neurotree.org)
Proteomics and systems biology in optic nerve regeneration. (neurotree.org)
Optic nerve regeneration in mammals: Regenerated or spared axons? (neurotree.org)
Wnt signaling promotes axonal regeneration following optic nerve injury in the mouse. (neurotree.org)
Here we show through systematic epigenetic studies that the histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) promotes acetylation of histone 3 Lys 9 at the promoters of established key regeneration-associated genes following a peripheral but not a central axonal injury. (nature.com)
Finally, PCAF is necessary for conditioning-dependent axonal regeneration and also singularly promotes regeneration after spinal cord injury. (nature.com)
Interestingly, the lack of regeneration of injured ascending sensory fibres in the spinal cord can be partially enhanced by an injury to the peripheral branch (conditioning lesion) of DRG neurones 7 . (nature.com)
Finally, we established that PCAF is required for regeneration following a conditioning lesion and PCAF overexpression promotes axonal regeneration similar to that of a conditioning lesion after CNS injury in spinal ascending sensory fibres. (nature.com)
The model provides an opportunity to study neuronal outcomes following injury, including survival, apoptosis, regeneration and associated biomarkers. (pharmoptima.com)
qRT-PCR of Atf3, Sprr1a, Ddit3 (Chop), and Gfap from retinal RNA four days after optic nerve crush (ONC) compared to uninjured contralateral control (CTL): upregulation of regeneration-associated genes Atf3 and Sprr1a, pro-apoptotic transcription factor Ddit3 (Chop), and reactive astrocyte marker Gfap demonstrates a robust response to injury following ONC. (pharmoptima.com)

Diagnosis of dominant optic atrophy and Leber hereditary optic atrophy is mainly clinical. (msdmanuals.com)

Use of immunocytochemical labeling techniques has recently demonstrated that axonal injury (AI) and the ensuing reactive axonal change is, probably, more widespread and occurs over a longer posttraumatic time in the injured brain than had previously been appreciated. (nih.gov)
The comparability of AI in animal models to human diffuse AI (DAI) is discussed and the conclusion drawn that, although animal models allow the analysis of morphologic changes, the spatial distribution within the brain and the time course of reactive axonal change differs to some extent both between species and with the mode of brain injury. (nih.gov)
Recent work has provided a consensus that reactive axonal change is linked to pertubation of the axolemma resulting in disruption of ionic homeostatic mechanisms within injured nerve fibers. (nih.gov)
Recent studies of responses by the axonal cytoskeleton after nondisruptive AI have demonstrated loss of axonal microtubules over a period up to 24 h after injury. (nih.gov)
Axonal regenerative failure is a major cause of neurological impairment following central nervous system (CNS) but not peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury. (nature.com)
The regenerative response initiated following axonal injury in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) versus the central nervous system (CNS) leads to differential growth capacities and repair. (nature.com)
However, the final link between axonal injury-induced retrograde signalling and the regulation of essential regenerative gene expression remains elusive. (nature.com)
We examined both DNA methylation and various key histone modifications with regards to gene regulation following axonal injury. (nature.com)
We found that p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-dependent acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac), paralleled by a reduction in methylation of H3K9 (H3K9me2), occurred at the promoters of select genes only after PNS axonal injury. (nature.com)

Mitochondria dysregulation contributes to secondary neurodegeneration progression post-contusion injury in human 3D in vitro triculture brain tissue model. (harvard.edu)

Using mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from a transgenic CD11c promoter we found that a controlled optic nerve crush (ONC) injury attracted GFPhi retinal myeloid cells to the dying retinal ganglion cells and their axons. (umn.edu)
Axons are particularly at risk in human diffuse head injury. (nih.gov)
In addition, there is developing in the literature considerable variance in the terminology applied to injured axons or nerve fibers. (nih.gov)

ICD-9-CM codes are used in medical billing and coding to describe diseases, injuries, symptoms and conditions. (icd9data.com)

Tests for optic nerve disorders may include eye exams, ophthalmoscopy (an examination of the back of your eye), and imaging tests . (medlineplus.gov)
With some optic nerve disorders, you may get your vision back. (medlineplus.gov)
For the recent 10 years, we summarized the experience of the rhinology unit of our department regarding orbital injury and complications of ESS for sinonasal inflammatory disorders. (scirp.org)
For the 10 years from 2003 to 2012, we summarized the experience of the rhinology unit of our department regarding orbital injury and complications of ESS for sinonasal inflammatory disorders. (scirp.org)

Astrocytes in the Optic Nerve Are Heterogeneous in Their Reactivity to Glaucomatous Injury. (harvard.edu)

Optic nerve atrophy is damage to the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
By the time optic atrophy is detected, substantial optic nerve injury has already occurred. (msdmanuals.com)
Dominant optic atrophy is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. (msdmanuals.com)
Most patients with dominant optic atrophy have no associated neurologic abnormalities, although nystagmus and hearing loss have been reported. (msdmanuals.com)
Eventually, optic atrophy supervenes. (msdmanuals.com)

Following targeted motor and sensory reinnervation, a procedure that reroutes residual limb nerves to intact muscles and skin in amputees, the brain remaps both motor and sensory pathways. (neurosciencenews.com)
Western blot of retinal tissue three days following optic nerve crush compared to uninjured control: upregulation of injury marker, pcJun, demonstrates activation of signaling pathways important for neuronal outcome following ONC. (pharmoptima.com)
Immunostained whole mount retinas following optic nerve crush (ONC): upregulation of injury marker, pcJun, demonstrates activation of injury signaling pathways resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death following ONC. (pharmoptima.com)

Visual loss secondary to optic nerve drusen. (aetna.com)

Therefore, rotational kinematics should be a better indicator of traumatic brain injury risk than linear acceleration. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, distortional strain was used as an indicator of the risk of traumatic brain injury in the current study. (frontiersin.org)
In the presence of normal neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations, the most common conditions associated with photophobia are migraine, blepharospasm, and traumatic brain injury. (researchgate.net)

Hemostasis is essential during optic canal decompression. (medscape.com)
In the 1920s, Sewell performed a transethmoidal optic canal decompression by removing the lamina papyracea and medial wall of the optic canal. (medscape.com)
Currently, endoscopic optic nerve decompression (OND) via an intranasal and transethmoidal or transsphenoidal approach has gained popular support. (medscape.com)
Optic nerve decompression surgery (also known as optic nerve sheath decompression surgery) involves cutting slits or a window in the optic nerve sheath to allow cerebrospinal fluid to escape, thereby reducing the pressure around the optic nerve. (aetna.com)
Initial results of uncontrolled studies suggested that optic nerve sheath decompression was a promising treatment of progressive visual loss in patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
The investigators concluded that optic nerve decompression surgery is not an effective treatment for NAION, and in fact, may increase the risk of progressive visual loss in NAION patients. (aetna.com)
A Cochrane review (Dickersin et al, 2012) concluded that results from the single trial indicate no evidence of a beneficial effect of optic nerve decompression surgery for NAION. (aetna.com)

Damage to an optic nerve can cause vision loss . (medlineplus.gov)
Damage to the optic nerve is often related to high pressure in your eye. (mayoclinic.org)
For reasons that doctors don't fully understand, this nerve damage is usually related to increased pressure in the eye. (mayoclinic.org)
Optic nerve damage is usually permanent and in some cases progressive. (msdmanuals.com)
Administering the gene therapy to mice just prior to the toxic insult (which initiates rapid damage to the cells), and just after optic nerve crush (which causes slower damage), increased CaMKII activity and robustly protected retinal ganglion cells. (newswise.com)
Bottle rockets accounted for 58 (83%) injuries, including eight of 10 injuries resulting in permanent damage to the optic nerve and all those resulting in enucleation. (cdc.gov)

Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)

Ophthalmoscopic examination may show telangiectatic microangiopathy, swelling of the nerve fiber layer around the optic disk, and an absence of leakage on fluorescein angiography. (msdmanuals.com)
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurement may elucidate the risk of structural and functional sequelae. (researchgate.net)

Lomerizine also shows neuroprotective effects against secondary degeneration resulting from injury in retinal ganglion cells. (wikipedia.org)
It is thought to be optic abiotrophy, premature degeneration of the optic nerve leading to progressive vision loss. (msdmanuals.com)
Axon degeneration occurs in the nerve tissue, giving rise to anesthesia, paresthesia and paralysis. (bvsalud.org)

They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury. (harvard.edu)

Structures located within the cone (after passing through the annulus of Zinn) include the motor innervations to the rectus muscles (cranial nerves III and VI) and the afferent sensory fibers from the globe, which are carried by the short and long posterior ciliary nerves before joining the nasociliary nerve (a branch of cranial nerve V1). (medscape.com)
Cranial nerve VI (abducens) innervates the lateral rectus muscle. (medscape.com)
Cranial nerve IV (trochlear) innervates the superior oblique muscle. (medscape.com)
Cranial nerve III (oculomotor) innervates all other extraocular muscles. (medscape.com)
While cranial nerves III and VI pass within the cone, cranial nerve IV travels outside of the muscle cone to innervate the superior oblique muscle. (medscape.com)
The fibers then join the nasociliary nerve, which is a branch of the superior division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V1). (medscape.com)
Additional complications include cranial nerve palsies, hydrocephalus, and apoplexy (from hemorrhage/infarction into the tumor). (medscape.com)

Orbital injury and complications are commonly encountered in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) despite advances in techniques and instrumentation. (scirp.org)

By the 18th century, the relationship between frontal trauma and vision loss with an absence of ocular injury was well appreciated. (medscape.com)
1 Among young persons five to 14 years of age, baseball is most frequently associated with ocular injury, while among persons 15 to 64 years of age, basketball is the leading cause of eye injuries. (aafp.org)

A possible therapeutic effect of acetyl-L carnitine (ALCAR) on peripheral nerve injuries and the expression of Jun, the protein products of immediate-early genes(IEGs), in the spinal cord were investigated after. (koreamed.org)

In reality, pure radial impacts are very rare and would mainly cause skull fractures and injuries secondary to those. (frontiersin.org)

Retrobulbar block also provides sensory anesthesia of the cornea, uvea, and conjunctiva by blocking the ciliary nerves. (medscape.com)

In this study we use transgenic mice in conjunction with ONC, partial and full optic nerve transection (ONT), and parabiosis to determine the origin of injury induced retinal myeloid cells. (umn.edu)

Diamox, Lasix, corticosteroids), and disc swelling with visual field loss progresses, direct fenestration of the optic nerve sheaths via medial or lateral orbitotomy has been shown to be an effective and relatively simple procedure for relief of papilledema. (aetna.com)

The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. (medlineplus.gov)
Afferent fibers from the globe travel via the long and short posterior ciliary nerves. (medscape.com)

As this nerve gradually deteriorates, blind spots develop in your vision. (mayoclinic.org)
Blind patches form in your visual field when this nerve deteriorates. (trustedhealthproducts.com)

In 1879, Berlin described the first pathologic examination of the optic nerve after head trauma. (medscape.com)
A preparticipation eye examination is helpful in identifying persons who may be at increased risk for eye injury. (aafp.org)
Sports-related eye injuries should be evaluated on site with an adequate examination of the eye and adnexa. (aafp.org)

The 20th century saw significant progress in defining the classification, pathophysiology, and management of traumatic optic nerve injuries. (medscape.com)

Eight patients showed herniation of orbital fat alone through the injury of the lamina papyracea. (scirp.org)
All injuries and complications were brought about by injury of the lamina papyracea. (scirp.org)
Eight patients showed herniation of orbital fat alone through the injury of the lamina papyracea, where the presence of fat in the surgical field was confirmed by gentle ballottement of the eye ( Figure 1 ). (scirp.org)

With each athlete, physicians should obtain an ocular history, paying special attention to prior conditions such as a high degree of myopia, surgical aphakia, retinal detachment, eye surgery, and injury or infection. (aafp.org)

Evidence for proteolysis of neurofilaments has been obtained recently in the optic nerve stretch injury model and is correlated with disruption of the axolemma. (nih.gov)
The Optic Nerve Crush model provides an effective tool for analyzing the pathogenic mechanisms associated with neuronal injury signaling in vivo . (pharmoptima.com)

Orbital injury and complications were observed in 13 patients (13 sides), which corresponded to 0.7% of the operated sides and 1.2% of the patients. (scirp.org)
Especially, exposure of the periorbit and herniation of orbital fat after lamina injury with powered instrumentation dramatically increases the potential for more severe complications. (scirp.org)
This can occur after eye injury, or even complications brought on by chronic stress, and it can destroy eye tissue. (platinumtherapylights.com)

Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. (uchicago.edu)
By blocking these channels and preventing Ca2+ release, lomerizine increases circulation in the optic nerve head. (wikipedia.org)
The primary verification tool in the design process is the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) applied in a free motion head-form experimental set-up, where a rigid dummy head is launched toward specific locations ( National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1995 ). (frontiersin.org)

The optic nerve sends visual information from your eye to your brain and is vital for good vision. (mayoclinic.org)
Both afferent and efferent visual systems are sensitive to brain injury. (researchgate.net)
Eye injuries caused by fireworks are often severe and can cause permanently reduced visual acuity or blindness. (cdc.gov)

Oxidative stress can denature lipids and proteins [ 10 , 12 - 14 ], as well as induce DNA and RNA fragmentation [ 15 - 17 ], leading to cell dysfunction, injury, and death. (hindawi.com)
It puts in place a sequence of events that ultimately protect the cell from oxidative injury. (hindawi.com)

Treating optic nerve injuries with red light therapy has been shown to promote healing and restore vision . (sunhomesaunas.com)

Awakening dormant neurons long after spinal cord injury. (neurotree.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms1

Diseases35

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Health Care1

Glaucoma16

Neuropathies3

Retinal ganglion cell2

Retina7

Ischemic optic neur4

Neuropathy15

Intraocular2

Cause optic nerve2

Regeneration13

Clinical1

Axonal9

Neurodegeneration1

Axons3

Diseases1

Disorders4

Glaucomatous Injury1

Atrophy5

Pathways3

Drusen1

Traumatic brain3

Decompression7

Damage6

Inflammation1

Fiber layer2

Degeneration3

Microglia1

Cranial nerve7

Endoscopic1

Ocular injury2

Peripheral nerve1

Secondary1

Sensory1

Mice1

Medial1

Fibers2

Deteriorates2

Examination3

Pathophysiology1

Lamina papyracea3

Surgical1

Model2

Complications3

Head3

Visual3

Oxidative2

Vision1

Spinal cord i1