Opioid consumption pain postoperative. Medical search. Frequent questions

The researchers randomly assigned 200 patients undergoing outpatient arthroscopic shoulder or knee surgery to receive an opioid-sparing protocol or standard care, which consisted of an opioid analgesic. (medscape.com)
In addition, what appears to be opioid tolerance can be caused by opioid-induced hyperalgesia lowering the baseline pain level, thus masking the drug's analgesic effects. (wikipedia.org)
These receptors are notable for binding opioids and eliciting an analgesic response, thus alleviating the sensation of pain. (wikipedia.org)
There is increasing evidence in support of genetics being a key factor in the development of OIH through its influence on both pain sensitivity and analgesic control. (wikipedia.org)
Regional anesthesia is used extensively for various purposes, including as a primary anesthetic technique for surgery, as an analgesic modality to manage pain in the perioperative period, and as an analgesic modality for various other forms of acute and/or chronic pain. (medscape.com)
This article will focus on the use of regional anesthesia as a postoperative analgesic technique for orthopedic surgery. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] The use of regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques can offer superior overall pain control and reduced postoperative opioid requirements. (medscape.com)
Commonly used IT analgesic agents specifically in the perioperative setting include local anesthetics, opioids, and adjuncts such as epinephrine. (medscape.com)
The secondary objective was to detect differences in analgesic consumption as well as blood loss after local infiltration of analgesics. (springer.com)
Analgesic consumption was also registered. (springer.com)
EXPAREL, the only single-dose, long-acting analgesic that offers a nonopioid option for postsurgical pain control, can play an important role in a multimodal approach. (hcplive.com)
Published systematic reviews suggest that using pregabalin for perioperative pain management may decrease analgesic requirements and pain scores, at the expense of troublesome side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Postoperative analgesic management with epidural anesthetic techniques are considered but may be limited by periprocedural coagulopathy concerns. (bmj.com)
3 levels of instrumentation and fusion, which allows standardization of the level of surgical insult and postoperative analgesic requirements. (centerwatch.com)
Phase IIb clinical trial in which POSIDUR at a dose of 5 mL demonstrated statistically significant reductions in post-operative pain (by approximately 30% versus placebo) and in total consumption of supplemental opioid analgesic medications (approximately 3x less versus placebo) in patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. (durect.com)
Further, these additional sites are typically found along pain pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) or in the dorsal root ganglion and may explain why systemic IV lidocaine has analgesic benefits through peripheral and central sites of action. (asra.com)
These are important findings as the effectiveness of an analgesic intervention should be held in consideration with both pain scores and opioid consumption. (asra.com)
Data at this time suggest peripheral nerve blocks provide analgesic benefit in cases where intrathecal morphine cannot be utilized or as a rescue technique for refractory pain. (asra.com)
However, the analgesic efficacy of opioids varies widely among individuals ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The human mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) encodes the μ -opioid receptor protein, which is the main target of the analgesic, fentanyl. (spandidos-publications.com)
Similar to analgesic efficacy, the protection from analgesic opioid side-effects in G-allele carriers remains controversial ( 6 , 7 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Does the perioperative analgesic/anesthetic regimen influence the prevalence of long-term chronic pain after mastectomy? (nocions.org)
First of all, opiate tolerance leads to decreased analgesic effect over time, and that often requires escalation of dose to achieve the same amount of pain control. (medscape.com)
Perioperative analgesic consumption, which will be calculated as the total amount of opioids administered in the postoperative periods. (who.int)

Introduction A multimodal pain treatment including local anesthetics is advised for perioperative analgesia in bariatric surgery. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Various regional analgesia techniques exist that can be used to promote postoperative pain relief. (medscape.com)
Opioids administered to the IT space can offer effective postoperative analgesia. (medscape.com)
The advantages of IT opioids for analgesia, especially if spinal anesthesia is already planned, include its simplicity, lack of need for catheter care or pumps, low cost, and easy supplementation with low-dose patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) opioids as needed. (medscape.com)
The primary goal of these protocols is to steer toward opioid-sparing analgesia. (iasp-pain.org)
Objectives The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine infusion (IVL) with thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in the management of perioperative pain and recovery in the laparoscopic left-sided colon and sphincter-sparing rectal surgery. (iasp-pain.org)
Conclusions TEA provides better analgesia and decreased opioid requirements compared to intravenous lidocaine during the 24-hour period in the ward after laparoscopic left-sided colon and sphincter-sparing rectal surgery, although there was no difference in the quality of recovery between IVL and TEA groups. (iasp-pain.org)
The opioid based analgesics and land mark techniques have undesirable consequences, regional analgesia technique with ultrasound requires resource and expertise while different wound infiltration techniques are new techniques with minimal side effect and easy to administer. (researchsquare.com)
The secondary outcomes (all in early postoperative period) were pain at rest, opioid consumption, incidence of pruritus, nausea and vomiting, sedation, delirium, constipation, impairment of sleep and physical activity, patient satisfaction with analgesia, and the length of Acute Pain Service follow-up. (nih.gov)
Research in newborn animals has revealed that failure to provide analgesia for pain results in "rewiring" of the nerve path-ways responsible for pain transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, resulting in increased pain perception of future painful insults. (nysora.com)
Despite the relatively recent advent of the adductor canal block (ACB) and surgeon-administered periarticular local infiltration analgesia (LIA) for TKA, moderate-to-severe pain 1 localized to the posterior knee remains commonplace during the first 24 hours postoperatively. (bmj.com)
Opioid consumption and other postoperative outcomes were comparative to previously reported literature of epidural analgesia in this patient population. (bmj.com)
Multimodal analgesia, enhanced recovery pathways, and regional anesthesia are key tools as we work towards optimal opioid stewardship and the ideal of effective analgesia without undesirable sequelae. (biomedcentral.com)
Opioids are an effective form of analgesia for acute pain but, with over-prescription, have become detrimental to public health in the USA. (biomedcentral.com)
Pain intensity scores are directly influenced by the amount of analgesics consumed, and patients enrolled in clinical trials are ethically entitled to standard clinical practices, which often include self-administration of opioid medications (i.e., patient-controlled analgesia). (asra.com)
Neuraxial morphine is associated with lower pain scores, longer time to first rescue analgesia, reduced postpartum opioid consumption and less sedation following CD, compared to parenteral opioids, though the risk of pruritus and nausea may be higher. (asra.com)
100-250 mcg) are associated with a prolonged time until first analgesia request (by 4.5 hours) with a higher risk of opioid related side-effects such as pruritus and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) when compared with lower doses (50-100 mcg). (asra.com)
13 Furthermore, acetaminophen should be administered in a scheduled rather than as needed manner, with preference for sole agents rather than acetaminophen-opioid combination preparations, as these provide comparable analgesia with significant opioid sparing effects. (asra.com)
Several meta-analyses have concluded that TAPB provides postoperative opioid-sparing and improved analgesia in patients who do not receive ITM. (asra.com)
Intrathecal (IT) narcotics can offer effective postoperative analgesia. (medscape.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism on the requirement for post-operative fentanyl analgesia in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy. (spandidos-publications.com)
Results from studies in patients with cancer pain or post-operative pain suggest that the A118G SNP has significant associations with morphine or alfentanil requirements for analgesia ( 6 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Several authors identified that subjects with the G allele of the OPRM1 A118G SNP were less sensitive to fentanyl or the fentanyl dose was greater compared to subjects with the AA allele, with regard to post-operative pain management or labor analgesia ( 11 - 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The secondary outcomes included postoperative adverse events, the need for rescue analgesia and the time from the end of surgery to endotracheal tube removal. (bmj.com)
Opioids remain the mainstay for pain relief, but patient-controlled analgesia, NSAIDs, standardization of pain management, bio/behavioral interventions, modification of head dressings as well as patient-centric management are useful opportunities that potentially improve patient care. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Patient-controlled epidural and intravenous analgesia are considered standard postoperative analgesia regimens in colorectal surgery. (druglib.com)
Epidural analgesia provides excellent analgesia, but is increasingly scrutinized in laparoscopic surgery since postoperative pain after the laparoscopic approach is significantly reduced. (druglib.com)
Therefore, epidural analgesia is no longer recommended for the management of postoperative pain in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. (druglib.com)
Given these important limitations of the traditional strategies for postoperative analgesia, effective and efficient alternatives in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery are needed. (druglib.com)
Patients will be randomly allocated to three different postoperative strategies: postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine (control group, n = 25), a transversus abdominis plane block with ropivacaine 0.375% at the end of surgery plus postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine (TAP group, n = 50), or perioperative intravenous lidocaine plus postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine (LIDO group, n = 50). (druglib.com)
DISCUSSION: Recognizing the importance of a multimodal approach for perioperative pain management, we aim to investigate whether a transversus abdominis plane block delivers superior pain control in comparison to perioperative intravenous lidocaine and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine alone. (druglib.com)
In an accompanying segment, we discussed modern multimodal analgesia and how incorporating it into clinical practice can enhance pain control and improve outcomes. (medscape.com)

These methods can be categorized into neuraxial local analgesics and opioids, peripheral nerve blocks, and wound infiltration. (medscape.com)
To evaluate the effect of the local infiltration of analgesics for pain after total knee arthroplasty in patients treated with femoral and sciatic peripheral nerve blocks. (springer.com)
Adding local infiltration of analgesics to peripheral nerve blocks after TKA surgery only provides minimal benefit for pain control. (springer.com)
In another, the belief that pain was useful or that repeated doses of analgesics lead to medication underperformance resulted in the failure of the parents/guardians to provide or ask for prescribed analgesics to treat their children's pain. (nysora.com)
This is boosting the adoption of analgesics as effective postoperative pain management drugs. (prnewswire.co.uk)
One of the innovations in the manufacturing of analgesics is the introduction of non-opioid drugs with extended release of the medication to provide relief to patients from postoperative pain for a longer period of time. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Manufacturers of postoperative pain management drugs are entering into strategic collaborations and partnerships with pharmaceutical companies for developing non-opioid analgesics. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Manufacturers of non-abuse opioids and analgesics are innovating their drug formulations and packaging formats to ensure that patients do not consume opioids in powder form. (prnewswire.co.uk)
We will then highlight alternative approaches to the management of intraoperative and acute postoperative surgical pain which emphasize multimodal analgesics and thereby decrease the need for opioid use in the acute hospital setting. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally to analgesics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics, used to combat pain, inflammation and infection, respectively, dentists can still make use of anxiolytics, in cases of patients very fearful to endodontic treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Concerning odontalgia, classified as superficial pre- and postoperative pain, non-narcotic analgesics can be perfectly used 4 . (bvsalud.org)
Concerning pulpitis, analgesics have little effect and pain would be relieved only after biopulpectomy 4 . (bvsalud.org)

In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether preperitoneal anesthesia with bupivacaine would reduce pain and opioid consumption after bariatric surgery. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Conclusion This study shows that preperitoneal local anesthesia with bupivacaine results in a reduction in opioid consumption and postoperative pain and seems to lower the incidence rate of chronic postsurgical pain after laparoscopic bariatric surgery. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Balanced Opioid-free Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine versus Balanced Anesthesia with Remifentanil for Major or Intermediate Noncardiac Surgery. (iasp-pain.org)
It is speculated that opioid-free anesthesia may provide adequate pain control while reducing postoperative opioid consumption. (iasp-pain.org)
IT opioids can be administered as an adjunct to general anesthesia (e.g., for scoliosis surgery) or combined with local anesthetics and administered during spinal anesthesia (e.g., for total hip arthroplasty). (medscape.com)
Affas F, Nygårds EB, Stiller CO, Wretenberg P, Olofsson C (2011) Pain control after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized trial comparing local infiltration anesthesia and continuous femoral block. (springer.com)
3 Regarding ERAS protocols for colorectal surgery specifically, recommendations in the 2017 clinical practice guidelines from the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) and the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) include implementation of a multimodal, opioid-sparing pain management plan prior to anesthesia administration. (hcplive.com)
2 Early investigations into its intravenous use began in the 1950s with case reports suggesting an impressive effect on improving postoperative pain 3 and the depth of anesthesia. (asra.com)
A 2018 Cochrane review of randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating IV lidocaine compared to placebo/no treatment in patients undergoing elective or urgent surgeries under general anesthesia [68 trials (4,525 randomized patients)] indicated statistical significance of IV lidocaine in reducing pain at 1-4 hours and at 24 hours after surgery. (asra.com)
17-19 TAPB should therefore mostly be considered when long-acting neuraxial opioids are not used, as occurs with CD performed under general anesthesia or if long-acting neuraxial opioids are contraindicated or not available. (asra.com)
We hypothesize that electroacupuncture at distal-proximal and regional acupoints prior to OP-CABG will reduce the dosage of anesthesia required during OP-CABG, and minimize postoperative complications. (clinicaltdd.com)
Secondary outcomes are cardiac troponin I content, inotropic score, dose of propofol used for anesthesia, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of stay in the intensive care unit, length of postoperative hospital stay, incidence of overall complications within 30 days of surgery, and incidence of overall mortality within 30 days of surgery. (clinicaltdd.com)
Opioids, including morphine and fentanyl, have been widely used in clinical anesthesia and pain treatment for a number of years. (spandidos-publications.com)
Opioid-free anesthesia opioid side effects: Tolerance and hyperalgesia. (nocions.org)
Regional anesthesia has emerged as a valuable technique in the outpatient surgery world, offering effective pain management, reduced opioid consumption. (aorn.org)
In the ambulatory surgery environment, regional anesthesia is a go-to technique for reducing postoperative pain. (aorn.org)
Not long ago, the notion of opioid-sparing surgery - the process of reducing potentially addictive narcotics through pre- and intraoperative multimodal anesthesia. (aorn.org)
The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA Pain Medicine) recently released the first U.S. guidelines on cannabis use in relation to surgery. (aorn.org)
We are seeing her in the presurgical screening location, which has been requested by her surgeon prior to anesthesia, secondary to her opiate consumption. (medscape.com)

The primary outcome was postoperative oral morphine equivalent (OME) consumption at 6 weeks after surgery. (medscape.com)
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity, also called paradoxical hyperalgesia, is an uncommon condition of generalized pain caused by the long-term use of high dosages of opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, and methadone. (wikipedia.org)
No significant differences were found in the required doses of tramadol or morphine in the postoperative period. (springer.com)
1-3 Of additional concern are surgical patients who receive opioids (eg, morphine sulphate, fentanyl citrate, meperidine hydrochloride) that, according to surgical recovery guidelines, should be used minimally for pain relief. (hcplive.com)
All lumbar fusion surgeries performed between 2019 and 2021 were reviewed independently for opioid morphine milliequivalent (MME) requirements from 6 months pre-operatively to 1 year post-operatively. (wayne.edu)
however, a decrease in overall opioid consumption (mean difference -4.52 mg of morphine equivalence, 95% CI -6.25 to -2.79) was observed. (asra.com)
This includes the administration of long-acting neuraxial opioids such as morphine, scheduled non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen, and rescue oral opioids for breakthrough pain. (asra.com)
Transversus abdominis plane block versus perioperative intravenous lidocaine versus patient-controlled intravenous morphine for postoperative pain control after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: study protocol for a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial. (druglib.com)

One year after surgery, the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain was 13% in the bupivacaine group versus 40% in the placebo group. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Results: There was no difference between groups in physical function or incidence and intensity of chronic pain 3 months after total hip arthroplasty. (atsu.edu)
The incidence of postoperative acute as well as chronic pain is very high which has a tremendous impact on the mother, family, healthcare providers, and healthcare delivery. (researchsquare.com)
There was also a higher incidence of sleep interruption in the early postoperative period for patients who used cannabinoids. (nih.gov)
A modifiable risk factor associated with postoperative delirium is poor postoperative pain control, and by improving the pain regimen the investigators may be able to decrease the incidence and/or severity of postoperative delirium. (centerwatch.com)
The investigators will perform a pilot prospective randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of 60 patients undergoing major elective reconstructive spinal surgery to investigate the effect of a postoperative lidocaine infusion on the incidence and severity of postoperative delirium. (centerwatch.com)
The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was comparable between SAPB and controls. (bmj.com)
Craniotomy is a relatively common surgical procedure with a high incidence of postoperative pain. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Secondary endpoints include the Numeric Rating Scale, time to return of intestinal function, time to mobilization, inflammatory response, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, length of hospital stay and postoperative morbidity as assessed with the Clavien-Dindo classification. (druglib.com)

1,3-5 Although opioids can effectively reduce pain following surgery, they are associated with adverse events (AEs), such as respiratory and/or central nervous system depression, nausea or vomiting, and pruritus. (hcplive.com)
6,7 Further, many of their secondary and objective outcomes were improved by IV lidocaine infusion, including reduced risk of ileus, time to first defecation/bowel movement, and postoperative nausea. (asra.com)
Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. (stopbang.ca)
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous Amisulpride as Treatment of Established Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Who Have Had No Prior Prophylaxis. (stopbang.ca)
Amisulpride for the Rescue Treatment of Postoperative Nausea or Vomiting in Patients Failing Prophylaxis: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase III Trial. (stopbang.ca)
There are no shortage of reasons to make preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) a top priority, as this problematic complication often prolongs. (aorn.org)

Association between long-term opioid use in family members and persistent opioid use after surgery among adolescents and young adults. (ahrq.gov)
As being opioid-naive has been described as a protective risk factor for postoperative opioid consumption, the objective of this study is to determine the differences in long-term opioid usage between Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (MIS TLIF) versus traditional open lumbar interbody fusions. (wayne.edu)
The effectiveness and comparative effectiveness (benefits [KQ 1] and harms [KQ 2]) of long-term opioid therapy versus placebo, no opioid therapy, or nonopioid therapy. (cdc.gov)

Postoperative opioid consumption, postoperative pain, and postoperative recovery parameters were assessed for the first 24 h after surgery. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
One year after surgery, chronic postsurgical pain and influence of pain on daily living were evaluated. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Results Postoperative opioid consumption during the first hour after surgery was 2.8 +/- 3.0 mg in the bupivacaine group, whereas in the control group, it was 4.4 +/- 3.4 mg (p = 0.01). (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Pain and function were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. (atsu.edu)
An opioid-sparing protocol successfully reduces the need for opioid medication after outpatient arthroscopic knee or shoulder surgery, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
Secondary outcomes included pain, patient satisfaction, opioid refills, quantity of OMEs prescribed at the time of hospital discharge, and adverse events reported at 6 weeks after surgery. (medscape.com)
Association of hydrocodone schedule change with opioid prescriptions following surgery. (ahrq.gov)
Persistent opioid use among pediatric patients after surgery. (ahrq.gov)
Association of opioid prescribing with opioid consumption after surgery in Michigan. (ahrq.gov)
Methods: Ambulatory general surgery patients between September 2018 and May 2019 were surveyed regarding opioid consumption, pain scores, and overall satisfaction with postoperative pain control. (novapublishers.com)
however, there was no relationship with pain control immediately post-op (p = 0.1716) or at two-weeks following the surgery (p = 0.2829). (novapublishers.com)
Conclusion: In the era of increased institutionalized emphasis on patient satisfaction, an opioid epidemic fueled by prescription medications and the intrinsic relationship between pain and surgery, the perioperative period provides an important opportunity to prevent opioid mismanagement. (novapublishers.com)
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study adult patients scheduled for reconstructive head and neck surgery with a microvascular free fibular graft received an indwelling popliteal nerve block catheter and were randomized to receive continuous levobupivacaine/ropivacaine or placebo during the first postoperative. (lu.se)
CONCLUSION: Continuous popliteal block significantly reduced postoperative extremity pain and opioid consumption in patients undergoing fibular graft harvesting for head and neck reconstructive surgery. (lu.se)
Background Protocols for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) have been constantly evolving, and the best method of managing perioperative pain, especially in laparoscopic surgeries, is still debatable. (iasp-pain.org)
A European-based pilot study found that virtual reality hypnosis (VRH) reduced anxiety, total postoperative opioid consumption, and vomiting in children after scoliosis surgery. (medindia.net)
This retrospective cohort study examined the impact of preoperative cannabinoid use on postoperative pain scores and pain-related outcomes in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. (nih.gov)
Intensity of pain with movement in the early postoperative period (defined as up to 36 hours after surgery) was the primary outcome of this study. (nih.gov)
This retrospective study with propensity-matched cohorts showed that cannabinoid use was associated with higher pain scores and a poorer quality of sleep in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. (nih.gov)
A significant difference of one point was found in the visual analogic pain scores 12 h after surgery (0.6 ± 1.5 vs. 1.7 ± 2.3). (springer.com)
There were no significant differences in the visual analogic pain scores evaluated at any other time between 2 and 72 h after surgery. (springer.com)
The majority experience suboptimal pain management following surgery, and, particularly for patients who receive a major procedure (eg, colorectal surgery), the pain can be severe, heighten the stress response, and compromise the restoration of function. (hcplive.com)
The ASCRS/SAGES guidelines state that local anesthetics, such as EXPAREL ® (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension), that are administered via wound infiltration or transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block may effectively manage pain associated with both open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery. (hcplive.com)
and acute versus chronic pain after surgery. (cochrane.org)
Patients who have undergone surgery require the administration of postoperative pain management drugs within 24 hours of the surgical procedure to reduce moderate to severe postoperative pain. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Postoperative delirium is one of the most frequent adverse events following elective non-cardiac surgery and is associated with cognitive impairment at discharge, as well as in-hospital and long-term mortality, however, despite being a well-recognized problem there is a dearth of effective interventions for prevention and management. (centerwatch.com)
In this study, the investigators seek to study whether a postoperative intravenous infusion of lidocaine, known to improve pain control in other contexts, can decrease the risk of postoperative delirium and other opioid-related side effects, following major reconstructive spinal surgery. (centerwatch.com)
The most comparable published study to the investigators' proposal is work done by Kaba (2009) studying a lidocaine infusion for abdominal surgery where the average opioid reduction was ~50% (24mg +/-16.3 of piritramide in the placebo vs. 10.33mg +/- 10.33 in the treatment group). (centerwatch.com)
We hypothesize that patients undergoing MIS surgery will have a greater degree of pain control compared to open surgical cases. (wayne.edu)
66 (23%) had at least one opioid prescription 6-12 months post-surgery. (wayne.edu)
Among patients with an opioid prescription, MIS-TLIF patients had lower daily MMEs when compared to open cases at 6-12 months post-surgery (p=0.048). (wayne.edu)
Although there were no differences in opioid prescription rates, the daily opioid consumption of 6-12 months after surgery was lower for MIS-TLIF cases. (wayne.edu)
POSIDUR is our post-operative pain relief depot that utilizes our patented SABER(TM) technology to deliver bupivacaine to provide up to three days of pain relief after surgery. (durect.com)
Several studies and meta-analyses have now been published on the merits of perioperative IV lidocaine across a range of surgical groups on acute pain and improved recovery after surgery. (asra.com)
This trial protocol will determine whether acupuncture at distal-proximal or regional acupoints can reduce anesthetic dose and postoperative complications in OP-CABG surgery, with the purpose of ensuring patient safety in the perioperative phase. (clinicaltdd.com)
Preemptive pain management may reduce subsequent pain in the days to weeks following surgery. (medscape.com)
Differences in fentanyl consumption and adverse effects were compared among the different genotypes at 24 and 48 h after surgery. (spandidos-publications.com)
To further elucidate how the genetic variability in the OPRM1 gene contributes to opioid efficacy and side-effects, further studies are required in different races or ethnicities and in different types of pain or surgery with sufficient sample sizes ( 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Conclusion Single-injection SAPB is associated with a reduction in opioid consumption and pain intensity after cardiothoracic surgery via thoracotomy in children. (bmj.com)
In adults, serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is effective in reducing pain during thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. (bmj.com)
SAPB provided a reduction in opioid consumption and pain score in the first 24 hours in children after cardiothoracic surgery via thoracotomy. (bmj.com)
Development of standardized pain management and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are necessary and crucial to optimize outcomes and patient satisfaction and reduce health care costs. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
tDCS may also reduce opioid consumption and pain scores after surgery. (nocions.org)
Consequently, they have higher opioid consumption after surgery. (everybrainmatters.org)
The patients who used cannabis experienced 14% more pain during the first 24 hours after surgery compared to the patients who never used cannabis. (everybrainmatters.org)
The relationship between opioid use during and after surgery and the opioid addiction crisis is a complex one. (aorn.org)
BACKGROUND: Despite the laparoscopic approach becoming the standard in colorectal surgery, postoperative pain management for minimally invasive surgery is still mainly based on strategies that have been established for open surgical procedures. (druglib.com)
Both the transversus abdominis plane block and systemically administered lidocaine have already been reported to effectively reduce pain after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. (druglib.com)
We specialize in regional anesthesiology and acute pain medicine as they are applied to patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. (medscape.com)
Intraoperative use of the machine learning-derived nociception level monitor results in less pain in the first 90 min after surgery. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, the degree to which it reduces intraoperative pain intensity remains unclear. (researchgate.net)
Strategies to ameliorate craniotomy pain demand interventions during all phases of patient care: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
ERAS protocols divide the key components of perioperative care according to phase of care: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative interventions. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Opioid consumption at 24 hours, functional recovery, and iPACK-related complications were secondary outcomes. (bmj.com)
Association Between the FRAIL Scale and Postoperative Complications in Older Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (stopbang.ca)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a continuous popliteal block on postoperative pain after fibular graft harvesting. (lu.se)
The effect of ultrasound guided rectus sheath block on postoperative pain and opioid consumption. (painnursing.it)

In the 1990s, a patient advocacy movement focused on pain control was born, and physician, patient advocacy, and professional societies began to promote aggressive treatment of both acute and chronic pain with opioids. (biomedcentral.com)

New persistent opioid use after minor and major surgical procedures in US adults. (ahrq.gov)
While most studies and reviews have focused on the role of cannabinoids in the management of acute pain, no study has examined the postoperative outcomes of surgical candidates who are on cannabinoids preoperatively. (nih.gov)
We posit that effects of pregabalin for perioperative pain management vary by the type of surgical pain model and propose this systematic review protocol to update previous systematic reviews and investigate the heterogeneity in findings across subgroups of surgical pain models. (biomedcentral.com)
Almost all patients in the USA receive opioids during a surgical encounter. (biomedcentral.com)
In a recent survey of adult surgical patients, 75% had pain they rated as moderate/extreme during the immediate post-surgical period (Gan et al. (biomedcentral.com)
This article aims to briefly discuss the existing literature evaluating the benefits of IV lidocaine on acute postoperative pain and as a preventative agent for chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) and consider the terrain of shifting evidence and propose strategies that could improve safer use and adoption. (asra.com)
Patients with acute post-operative pain following standardized surgical procedures may be optimal subjects for investigating such associations ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Educating Surgical Patients About Safe Use of Opioids: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (stopbang.ca)
Effects of Comprehensive Geriatric Care Models on Postoperative Outcomes in Geriatric Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (stopbang.ca)
Cryoanalgesia has been gaining popularity in recent years in the surgical field thanks to its effectiveness in relieving pain while remaining minimally invasive. (aorn.org)
Multimodal pain management has a domino effect on surgical outcomes: By using this approach, facilities reduce opioid use, which often translates into. (aorn.org)
However, it can still peak, especially during the early postoperative period and becomes the main cause of overnight hospital stay and prolonged convalescence after this day-case surgical procedure. (bvsalud.org)
This could really present a challenge for dealing with surgical and postoperative pain management. (medscape.com)
Although endodontic treatment should be view from a surgical perspective, because local therapy must be firstly instituted, many clinical situations require the use of systemic drugs to act on problems coming from the treatment sequence, such as: inflammatory reaction, pain, and infection that provide more comfort and safety to patient 5 . (bvsalud.org)

Background: This study examined whether a perioperative regimen of pregabalin added to celecoxib improved pain scores and functional outcomes postdischarge up to 3 months after total hip arthroplasty (primary outcome) and acute postoperative pain and adverse effects (secondary outcomes). (atsu.edu)
searching for a drug that would be effective in reducing pain, safe from major adverse effects and can meanwhile possess an opioid-sparing potentiality would be a merit so as to improve the success rate of ambulatory day-care surgeries. (bvsalud.org)

Clinical evidence for dorsal root ganglion stimulation in the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. (nocions.org)

In contrast, in the absence of LIA, adding iPACK to ACB reduced pain at 12 hours, and 24 hours by a WMD (95% CI) of −0.98 (−1.79 to -0.17) (p = 0.02) and −0.69 (−1.18 to -0.20) (p=0.006), respectively, when compared with ACB alone, but did not reduce opioid consumption. (bmj.com)

A new report by Persistence Market Research traces the growth trajectory of the global postoperative pain management market for a period of eight years from 2018 to 2026. (prnewswire.co.uk)
According to the revenue projections indicated in the report, the global market for postoperative pain management is likely to cross a whopping US$ 45 Bn in revenue by the end of 2026, up from an estimated valuation of around US$ 30 Bn in 2018. (prnewswire.co.uk)

Baratta JL, Gandhi K, Viscusi ER (2014) Perioperative pain management for total knee arthroplasty. (springer.com)
Browne C, Copp S, Reden L, Pulido P, Colwell C Jr (2004) Bupivacaine bolus injection versus placebo for pain management following total knee arthroplasty. (springer.com)
Dalury DF, Lieberman JR, MacDonald SJ (2011) Current and innovative pain management techniques in total knee arthroplasty. (springer.com)
Danninger T, Opperer M, Memtsoudis SG (2014) Perioperative pain control after total knee arthroplasty: an evidence based review of the role of peripheral nerve blocks. (springer.com)
Background When combined with adductor canal block (ACB), local anesthetic infiltration between popliteal artery and capsule of knee (iPACK) is purported to improve pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). (bmj.com)
Managing postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to be challenging. (bmj.com)
What Are the Effects of Patient Point of Entry and Medicaid Status on Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Pain Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? (beaumont.org)
Roof MA, Mahure SA, Feng JE, Aggarwal VK, Long WJ, Schwarzkopf R. What Are the Effects of Patient Point of Entry and Medicaid Status on Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Pain Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? (beaumont.org)

The authors hypothesized that opioid-free balanced anesthetic with dexmedetomidine reduces postoperative opioid-related adverse events compared with balanced anesthetic with remifentanil. (iasp-pain.org)

and (4) recommendations for neurologists in practice to increase use of best practices/universal precautions most likely to improve effective and safe use of opioids and to reduce the likelihood of severe adverse and overdose events. (curehunter.com)
these unused opioids can lead to opportunities for nonmedical use, accidental exposure, overdose, and potentially increasing new cases of opioid addiction. (hcplive.com)
As a result, 136 people die every day from an opioid-related overdose in the United States. (hcplive.com)
and reduced availability of opioids for nonmedical use and associated addiction and/or overdose. (hcplive.com)
In the USA, opioid overdose has become a leading cause of unintentional death, surpassing motor vehicle accidents. (biomedcentral.com)
Rates of opioid pain reliever overdose death, opioid pain relief treatment admissions, and kilograms of opioid pain relievers sold-United States, 1999-2010. (biomedcentral.com)
Geographic information science and the United States opioid overdose crisis: A scoping review of methods, scales, and application areas. (cdc.gov)
for opioids, key harms included overdose and harms related to opioid use disorder. (cdc.gov)

95% CI, 1.10-3.57) in the early postoperative period compared to patients who were not on cannabinoids. (nih.gov)

Pregabalin reduces postoperative opioid consumption and pain for 1 wee" by H. Clarke, G. M. Pagé et al. (atsu.edu)
Many randomized trials have studied the use of the gabapentinoid anti-epileptic, pregabalin, in acute pain. (biomedcentral.com)
We will explore the findings of perioperative clinical trials studying the use of pregabalin for acute pain. (biomedcentral.com)
We will comment on the implications of the findings and provide further direction for the appropriate use of pregabalin in acute pain. (biomedcentral.com)
Pregabalin has almost followed gabapentin on this path of clinical utilization - currently the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada approve the use of pregabalin for seizures and chronic pain (post herpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia and diabetic peripheral neuropathy) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore the use of the gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) for acute postoperative pain, though widely reported, is still off-label. (biomedcentral.com)

Two of the most commonly used opioid antagonists at the mu receptor are naltrexone and naloxone. (wikipedia.org)

Under chronic opioid treatment, a particular individual's requirement for dose escalation may be due to tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, or a combination of both. (wikipedia.org)
In this review, we will briefly describe the opioid burden within the USA, with emphasis on the emerging evidence of a link between acute exposure to opioids and chronic opioid dependence. (biomedcentral.com)

Most importantly, there was no significant association between the amount of opioids prescribed or consumed and pain-related satisfaction. (novapublishers.com)

In the absence of LIA, adding iPACK to ACB reduces pain up to 24 hours and enhances functional recovery. (bmj.com)

Tolerance, another condition that can arise from prolonged exposure to opioids, can often be mistaken for opioid-induced hyperalgesia and vice versa, as the clinical presentation can appear similar. (wikipedia.org)
A patient's first exposure to opioids may be during the perioperative period, a time where anesthesiologists have a significant role in pain management. (biomedcentral.com)

The opioid epidemic in the U.S has put extensive regulatory pressure on manufacturers of postoperative pain management drugs to develop opioids with abuse-deterrent properties. (prnewswire.co.uk)
The misleading claims and treatment guidelines were not brought to light until the USA was in the midst of an opioid epidemic. (biomedcentral.com)
2017 ) and the US government has declared the opioid epidemic as a public health emergency. (biomedcentral.com)
As greater focus is placed on the opioid epidemic, we sought to determine if patients presenting for TKA via the Medicaid clinic (Medicaid) differed in terms of their opioid requirements compared to patients presenting via private office clinics (non-Medicaid). (beaumont.org)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between opioid prescribing, consumption, pain control, and pain-related satisfaction. (novapublishers.com)

Patients with opioid prescriptions also had higher rates of DVT, history of depression, history of anxiety, COPD, PHQ2 depression at baseline, reported pre-op daily use of opioids, longer duration of symptoms and lower baseline PROMIS physical function scores. (wayne.edu)
and comparative effectiveness of strategies for managing patients with opioid use disorder (KQ 4). (cdc.gov)

At the Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care (PaPaS) Review Group we have developed the resources presented here to help to guide review authors and people who are using systematic reviews in this field towards optimal methods in this field. (cochrane.org)
The checklist also serves as a guide to optimal methods for people who are trying to make sense of a systematic review that has postoperative pain as an important outcome. (cochrane.org)
Anesthesiologists and surgeons employ several methods to decrease unnecessary opioid use, opioid-related adverse events, and side effects in the perioperative period. (biomedcentral.com)
This article will review the current data on methods to optimize post CD pain. (asra.com)

Test of pulmonary function was performed on preoperative day and postoperative day 4. (sages.org)
Medicaid patients demonstrated worse postoperative pain scores and required 51% greater MMEs immediately following TKA, highlighting the need for preoperative counseling in traditionally at-risk socioeconomic groups. (beaumont.org)

This approach can include scheduled dosing of oral narcotic alternatives, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or acetaminophen, to reduce dependence on opioids for pain relief. (hcplive.com)
14,15 This regimen avoids the risk of exceeding the maximum recommended dose of acetaminophen and restricts the use of oral opioids to only in the event of breakthrough pain. (asra.com)

ASRA Pain Medicine News 2022;47. (asra.com)
In May 2022, leadership within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) approved a joint clinical practice guideline for the use of opioids when managing chronic pain. (bvsalud.org)

Whereas increasing the dose of opioid can be an effective way to overcome tolerance, doing so to compensate for opioid-induced hyperalgesia may worsen the patient's condition by increasing sensitivity to pain while escalating physical dependence. (wikipedia.org)
A growing adoption of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) to treat opioid dependence (OD) is also being observed in the global market. (prnewswire.co.uk)

Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption. (lu.se)
The primary outcomes included postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores within 24 hours. (bmj.com)

Different postoperative pain management modalities have been practiced after cesarean section over the years. (researchsquare.com)

Pain management should begin in the perioperative period with risk assessment, patient education, and premedication. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

OIH can often be treated by gradually tapering the opioid dose and replacing opioid-based pain care with other pain management medications and techniques or by opioid rotation. (wikipedia.org)
All reviews included key questions (KQs) or subquestions on how benefits and harms varied according to demographic (age, sex, race), clinical (severity and duration of pain, medical and psychiatric comorbidities, concomitant medications), and intervention (dose, duration, intensity) characteristics. (cdc.gov)

All randomized trials comparing the efficacy of wound infiltration for postoperative pain management after cesarean section will be included. (researchsquare.com)
Barrington JW, Dalury DF, Emerson RH Jr, Hawkins RJ, Joshi GP, Stulberg BN (2013) Improving patient outcomes through advanced pain management techniques in total hip and knee arthroplasty. (springer.com)
Previous experience and management of pain, even from very early stages in life, alter the responses and behavior toward further "painful" experiences and events. (nysora.com)
Hence, no two people experience pain the same way, which adds to the complexity of the management of pain. (nysora.com)
Nurses are traditionally taught or cautioned to be wary of physicians' orders and patients' requests for pain management, as well. (nysora.com)
Unlike adult patients, pain management in children is often dependent on the ability of parents/guardians to recognize and assess pain and on their decision whether to treat or not. (nysora.com)
Parental misconceptions concerning pain assessment and pain management may therefore also result in inadequate pain treatment. (nysora.com)
Fortunately, the past 25 years have seen substantial advances in research and interest in pediatric pain management and in the development of pediatric pain services, primarily under the direction of pediatric anesthesiologists. (nysora.com)
8-10 This current environment necessitates the implementation of improved pain management strategies to enhance outcomes, particularly for major procedures, and spare the use of opioids. (hcplive.com)
In this project we established an expert group of editors and authors to distil and synthesise evidence-based best practice guidance on the management of pain as an outcome in systematic review of perioperative anaesthesia and postoperative care. (cochrane.org)
Perioperative pain management has recently been revolutionized with the recognition of novel mechanisms and introduction of newer drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
While their primary use continues as potent anti-epileptics and in chronic pain, their emerging role as anti-hyperalgesics has been of use in perioperative pain management. (biomedcentral.com)
There is well-documented evidence and extensive experience with gabapentinoids in perioperative pain management [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This has led to a spur in demand for postoperative pain management drugs in the global market. (prnewswire.co.uk)
The report highlights the various market revenue push and pull factors as well as the trends impacting growth and performance of the global market for postoperative pain management during the aforesaid period of study. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Several notable pharmaceutical companies are incorporating abuse-deterrent technologies to manufacture pain management drugs with novel formulations that are safe for consumption by patients without harmful side effects. (prnewswire.co.uk)
This is expected to result in significant revenue growth of the global postoperative pain management market in the coming years. (prnewswire.co.uk)
In the recent past, the U.S FDA has approved certain new forms of non-abuse opioid drugs and manufacturers are leveraging this commercialization of non-abuse opioids, which reduce the risk of drug misuse, thereby finding widespread adoption among patients as effective pain management drugs. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Future research on mechanisms, predictors, treatments, and pain management pathways will help define the combinations of interventions that optimize pain outcomes. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Standardization of pain management is a key element of enhanced recovery protocols. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
A review of craniotomy pain management detailing all the considerations for each phase of care is currently unavailable. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
The goal of this review is to create an alembic for the design of a standardized pain management protocol for craniotomy in the context of the development of an ERAS protocol for neurosurgery. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
While ineffective pain management can make recovery a nightmare, there's a real risk for many patients when it comes to opioid addiction. (aorn.org)
The aim of this study is to describe current post-operative pain management practices for patients with dementia and hip fracture in Finland. (opennursingjournal.com)
In this study data concerning current pain management practices was collected by questionnaire from 333 nursing staff. (opennursingjournal.com)
Half the respondents (53%) considered that post-operative pain management was sufficient for patients with dementia. (opennursingjournal.com)
Further research is needed to explain the current situation of pain management practices from the viewpoint of patients with dementia. (opennursingjournal.com)
What problems does tolerance present in the management of this patient's perioperative pain? (medscape.com)
Opioid-related harms and care impacts of conventional and AI-based prescription management strategies: insights from leveraging agent-based modeling and machine learning. (cdc.gov)
Postoperative disrupted abdominal wall management by a new tissue expansion technique. (who.int)

By 2017, the number of opioid-related deaths has continued to increase (Hedegaard et al. (biomedcentral.com)
This work is based on pertinent literature published from 1996, the date of a pivotal pilot study on craniotomy pain,[ 11 ] until 2017, by searching Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register, and Google Scholar using a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and free-text words to identify manuscripts related to postcraniotomy pain and ERAS protocols. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

In addition, the primary outcome relied on patient-reported opioid consumption, and subgroup analyses included small sample sizes and wide confidence intervals, which preclude definitive conclusions. (medscape.com)
Primary outcome was postoperative extremity pain assessed using the numerated rating scale (NRS). (lu.se)
Pain is a common primary or secondary outcome in systematic reviews of perioperative anaesthesia and postoperative care. (cochrane.org)
Indeed, while it can appear to be simple, managing pain as an outcome presents us with a number of interesting challenges. (cochrane.org)
For the primary outcome comparison in the presence of LIA (four trials, 273 patients), adding iPACK to ACB did not improve postoperative pain at 6 hours. (bmj.com)
For the secondary outcome comparisons in the presence of LIA, adding iPACK to ACB did not improve postoperative pain at all other time points, opioid consumption or functional recovery. (bmj.com)
As the primary outcome parameter, we will evaluate the opioid consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours. (druglib.com)
Using Electronic Medical Records and Clinical Notes to Predict the Outcome of Opioid Treatment Program. (cdc.gov)
Identifying Risk Factors, Patient-Reported Experience and Outcome Measures, and Data Capture Tools for an Individualized Pain Prediction Tool in Pediatrics: Focus Group Study. (cdc.gov)

TAPB may be useful as a rescue technique, such as in cases of severe breakthrough postpartum pain or in women requiring escalating doses of opioids. (asra.com)

Several studies have documented the inability of nurses, physicians, and parents/guardians to correctly identify and treat pain, even in postoperative pediatric patients. (nysora.com)

Thus, optimizing postoperative pain relief, not only to sub-serve reduction of its intensity but to also enhance the recovery and shorten length of stay became the broader target of multimodal pain control regimens nowadays. (bvsalud.org)

In a randomized clinical trial that included 200 participants, median opioid consumption was 0 mg in the opioid-sparing group and 40 mg in the standard care (control) group. (medscape.com)
Identifying the development of hyperalgesia is of great clinical importance since patients receiving opioids to relieve pain may paradoxically experience more pain as a result of treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Though gabapentin was also initially approved for treating seizures, it found widespread use in the treatment of chronic pain, and this was followed by a number of clinical trials reporting benefits with gabapentin in acute postoperative pain. (biomedcentral.com)
Several institutions to our knowledge within the U.S. and Canada currently utilize postoperative IV lidocaine infusions on hospital wards, and while formal clinical trials are needed, data from these centers aid in developing our understanding of this intervention. (asra.com)
Deployment of Real-time Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning Clinical Decision Support in the Electronic Health Record: Pipeline Implementation for an Opioid Misuse Screener in Hospitalized Adults. (cdc.gov)
However, the use of medicines for systemic use is a great auxiliary in combating pain, inflammation and/or infection, making easier to treat the clinical status, that patient experiences less pain. (bvsalud.org)

Opioids have many undesirable side effects, including potential for misuse, or opioid use disorder. (biomedcentral.com)
An Artificial Intelligence-Based Smartphone App for Assessing the Risk of Opioid Misuse in Working Populations Using Synthetic Data: Pilot Development Study. (cdc.gov)

Reductions in opioid consumption by ~25% using intravenous lidocaine infusions have been shown to decrease opioid related side effects, but there is essentially no data linking a specific degree of opioid reduction to effects on delirium (46, 47). (centerwatch.com)
As we now know, intravenous (IV) lidocaine is used widely, predominately in the perioperative setting in gastrointestinal surgeries and as an outpatient chronic pain intervention. (asra.com)
6,7 With this perspective in mind, the findings of the Cochrane review, where both pain scores (1-4 hours and 24 hours) and opioid consumption were reduced, convey a compelling story for IV lidocaine. (asra.com)

Postoperative pain intensity at rest was measured on 100-mm visual analogue scale during hospital stay. (sages.org)

Evidence review We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing the effects of adding iPACK block to ACB versus ACB alone on pain severity at 6 hours postoperatively in adult patients undergoing TKA. (bmj.com)

Deriving gene-opioid associations from data sampled from patients with cancer pain is difficult since the mechanism, severity and nature of cancer pain differs substantially from patient to patient ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Severity of pain measured by visual analog scale (VAS) score. (who.int)

Introduction Abdominal surgeries requiring extended midline incisions are associated with severe postoperative pain (1). (painnursing.it)
Symptoms include weight loss, abdominal pain. (msdmanuals.com)
Most patients have severe upper abdominal pain, which usually radiates to the back. (msdmanuals.com)

In Response: Continuous Pulse Oximetry and Capnography Monitoring for Postoperative Respiratory Depression and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (stopbang.ca)

1,2 Severe acute pain is associated with increased risk of chronic pain and postpartum depression. (asra.com)
She has pain on most days, which she rates as moderate to severe. (medscape.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms4

Diseases34

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Psychiatry and Psychology21

Phenomena and Processes18

Technology, Industry, Agriculture19

Information Science2

Health Care20

Geographicals1

Analgesic24

ANALGESIA32

Analgesics12

Anesthesia19

Morphine8

Incidence9

Nausea6

Long-term opioid3

Surgery50

Intraoperative3

Complications2

Block on postoperative pain2

Acute and chronic pain1

Surgical14

Adverse effects2

Neuropathic pain1

Reduce opioid consumption1

20182

Total knee arthroplasty8

Anesthetic1

Overdose8

Early postoperative period1

Pregabalin6

Commonly used opioid1

Chronic opioid2

Amount of opioids1

Reduces1

Exposure to opioids2

Epidemic4

Relationship between opioid1

Patients with opioid2

Methods4

Preoperative2

Acetaminophen2

20222

Dependence2

Outcomes included2

Different postoperative1

Perioperative period1

Medications2

Management30

20172

Outcome9

Doses1

Pediatric patients1

Multimodal1

Clinical6

Misuse2

Lidocaine3

Intensity1

Versus1

Severity2

Abdominal3

Systematic1

Severe2