NaltrexoneOpioid-Related DisordersBuprenorphineNarcotic AntagonistsAnalgesics, OpioidMethadoneBehavior, AddictiveOpiate Substitution TreatmentNaloxoneReceptors, Opioid, muNarcoticsHeroin DependenceReceptors, OpioidReceptors, Opioid, deltaReceptors, Opioid, kappaOpioid PeptidesMedication ErrorsMedication AdherenceMorphineAlcoholismSubstance-Related DisordersSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeEnkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-EnkephalinsEndorphinsHeroinSelf AdministrationDynorphinsHydromorphoneMedication ReconciliationMedication SystemsMethadyl AcetateCocaineMedication Systems, HospitalTaurineDisulfiramDose-Response Relationship, DrugTemperanceMorphine DependenceNalbuphineDrug TolerancePainPrescription DrugsRewardEthanolbeta-EndorphinNalorphineSubstance Abuse Treatment CentersAnalgesicsDiprenorphineEnkephalin, Leucine-2-AlaninePain MeasurementDouble-Blind MethodConditioning, OperantAlcohol AbstinenceTreatment OutcomeDelayed-Action PreparationsPatient ComplianceMorphinansEnkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-FentanylDrug InteractionsDrug PrescriptionsSelf MedicationTobacco Use DisorderDopamine Uptake InhibitorsRats, Sprague-DawleyEuphoriaBehavior, AnimalPsychotropic DrugsCentral Nervous System StimulantsBenzeneacetamidesTime FactorsNucleus AccumbensEnkephalin, LeucineAlcohol DrinkingUnited StatesReinforcement (Psychology)MotivationButorphanolPrescription Drug MisuseBrainDrug TherapyPolypharmacyNicotineDopamineStreet DrugsAnalgesiaCompulsive BehaviorAnalysis of VarianceAdministration, OralBenzomorphansPyrrolidinesSheltered WorkshopsDrug OverdoseSubstance Abuse DetectionAmphetamine-Related DisordersRecurrenceOpiumLevorphanol