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To further investigate the ancestral roles of NK family genes, we analyzed the expression patterns of NKL genes in the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli . (biomedcentral.com)
Our data for the remaining seven NKL genes revealed expression in different structures associated with the developing nervous system in embryos of E. rowelli . (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, future studies should focus on the expression of these genes in other bilaterians, which would provide a basis for comparative studies and might help to better understand the role of NK genes in the diversification of bilaterians. (biomedcentral.com)
Early in development the expression of the first patterning genes broadly sets up embryonic regions. (elifesciences.org)
For example, the hindbrain is a transiently rhombomeric structure organised by segmentally expressed Hox genes. (biomedcentral.com)
At the transition point, where the hindbrain system of segmentation gives way to regional patterning by local gradients in the midbrain, the most anterior hindbrain segment, rhombomere 1 (r1), expresses neither Hox or Otx genes and displays aspects of both patterning systems. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we investigated temporal expressions of St genes during the embryonic diapause process in Bombyx mori. (bvsalud.org)
However, in diapause eggs, expression levels of the Tret1, St4, and St3 genes all remained at low levels. (bvsalud.org)
Differential temporal changes in expressions of the Tret1, St4, and St3 genes found between diapause and HCl-treated eggs were further confirmed using nondiapause eggs. (bvsalud.org)
Our results showed that nondiapause eggs exhibited similar changing patterns as those of HCl-treated eggs, thus clearly indicating potential correlations between expressions of these genes and embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)
The systemic inhibition of Shh signalling by cyclopamine led to bilateral expression of LR marker genes in rabbit. (studylibde.com)
The Y-linked sex determining gene SRY regulates this process by initiating a pathway of gene and protein expression, including the expression of critical autosomal genes such as SOX9 . (plos.org)
Our data indicate, for the first time, a requirement for MAPK signaling in the developing XY gonad in order to facilitate normal expression of SRY and the downstream testis-determining genes and also suggest that reduced dosage of MAP3K4 may be the cause of a previously described autosomal sex-reversing mutation in the mouse. (plos.org)
SMAD4 regulates gene expression in response to BMP and TGFβ signal transduction, and is required for diverse morphogenetic processes, but its target genes have remained largely elusive. (devgenbasel.com)
In Hand2-deficient mouse embryos, the EMT underlying AVC cardiac cushion formation is disrupted, and we combined ChIP-seq of embryonic hearts with transcriptome analysis of wild-type and mutants AVCs to identify the functionally relevant HAND2 target genes. (devgenbasel.com)
To understand the relationship between these traits, we developed a method that clusters variants with similar patterns of effects and, after the integration of gene expression data, identifies the genes through which they are likely to act. (otago.ac.nz)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Gene expression analyses using microarrays have further revealed that some of the down-regulated genes in seeds of the wri1 mutant are involved in glycolysis and FA synthesis, rather than in TAG assembly [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
Much of this process relies on the morphogenesis of the extra-embryonic tissues and the effect this has on the organization of embryonic cells. (nature.com)
We illustrate where such mechanisms of pattern formation arise in biological systems from cellular to tissue scales, with an emphasis on morphogenesis. (mpi-cbg.de)
By correlating dynamic patterns of transcription factor expression with rigorous, quantitative analyses of cell behaviors across the salivary gland primordium in Drosophila , their results suggest Hkb and Fkh transcription factor patterning induces switches in cell behaviors at fixed positions to promote continued morphogenesis of the tubular structure. (elifesciences.org)
The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins plays an important role during embryonic development in regulating growth, patterning and morphogenesis of many tissues ( Ingham and McMahon, 2001 ). (silverchair.com)

At this time I also began working with mouse and human embryonic stem cells resulting in the publication of some of the first papers describing the osteogenic differentiation of mouse ES and human cells in vitro and in vivo . (nottingham.ac.uk)
This involves selective suppression of both neurogenin1 ( ngn1 ) and coe2 mRNA expression in a process that is independent of Notch signalling, and where inhibition of either ngn1 or coe2 expression is sufficient to prevent neuronal differentiation across the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. (silverchair.com)
The molecular analysis of limb bud development in vertebrates continues to fuel our understanding of the gene regulatory networks that orchestrate the patterning, proliferation and differentiation of embryonic progenitor cells. (devgenbasel.com)
In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)

Cerebral organoids showed high variability in neuronal content and tau expression. (researchsquare.com)
While graded signals from the isthmus have a demonstrable patterning role within this region, the significance of segmental identity for neuronal specification within rhombomere 1 is unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
A third cluster with archetypal variant near ZNF613 and including variants associated with ROBO1, EFNA5, PALLD, GPC6, and PTPRT affected fertility but not milk yield, and were characterized by their effects on GnRH neuronal migration, embryonic development, and/or ovarian function. (otago.ac.nz)

Microarray-assessed tissue expression patterns through GEO profiles show that CCDC138 is expressed in moderate levels in various tissues including peripheral blood lymphocyte, fetal thymus, thymus, testis, ovary, feral brain, colon, mammary gland, and bone marrow. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
The development and maintenance of complex multicellular structures, like tissues and organs, is controlled by an interplay of various regulatory processes. (biomedcentral.com)

While NK2.1 and vax are expressed in distinct medial regions of the developing protocerebrum early in development, BarH , Bari , Emx , Hhex and Nedx are expressed in late developmental stages, after all major structures of the nervous system have been established. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of our expression data to those of other bilaterians revealed similar patterns of NK2.1 , vax , BarH and Emx in various aspects of neural development, such as the formation of anterior neurosecretory cells mediated by a conserved molecular mechanism including NK2.1 and vax , and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system involving BarH and Emx . (biomedcentral.com)
As an undergrad I studied microbiology but switched to Development from my masters' onwards. (ncbs.res.in)
We examined the response of granule cell precursors to the overexpression of Hoxa2 , which normally determines patterns of development specific to the hindbrain. (biomedcentral.com)
How much does the development of the cerebellum, a midbrain/hindbrain structure, reflect its neuromeric origin as a hindbrain segment? (biomedcentral.com)
By contrast, the development of the midbrain and forebrain, which lie within the Otx expression domain, is regulated by signalling centres generating graded patterning cues. (biomedcentral.com)
Few studies have been conducted on expressions of Sts during insect embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)
We found that in HCl-treated developing eggs, high gene expressions of trehalose transporter 1 (Tret1) were detected during middle and later embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)
In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)
These data demonstrate that MAP3K4-dependent signalling events are required for normal expression of Sry during testis development, and create a novel entry point into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex determination in mice and disorders of sexual development in humans. (plos.org)
In mammals, whether an individual develops as a male or female depends on its sex chromosome constitution: those with a Y chromosome become males because of the development of the embryonic gonad into a testis. (plos.org)
We identified a mouse mutant that causes embryonic gonadal sex reversal: the development of ovaries in an XY embryo. (plos.org)
Larval development includes six naupliar stages and a nonfeeding cypris stage following the ground patterns of Cirripedes. (bioone.org)
During embryonic development of segmented animals, body segments are thought to arise from the so-called "posterior growth zone" and the occurrence of this "zone" has been used to support the homology of segmentation between arthropods, annelids, and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromatin remodeling and genomic alterations impact spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression, which is central to embryonic development. (devgenbasel.com)
Precise cis-regulatory control of gene expression is essential for normal embryogenesis and tissue development. (devgenbasel.com)
Here, we use mouse reverse genetics to identify the enhancers in the Grem1 genomic landscape and the underlying cis-regulatory logics that orchestrate the spatio-temporal Grem1 expression dynamics during limb bud development. (devgenbasel.com)
During vertebrate development, Shh plays a crucial role in patterning of the limb buds and the neural tube. (silverchair.com)
The embryonic development and colour changes of eggs during incubation were documented. (researchgate.net)
This yields important information about what effects WRI1 may exert on global gene expression during seed and embryo development. (biomedcentral.com)
Its asymmetric distribution goes through three steps: emergence of cortical dots, development of island-like structures with dynamic amorphous shapes, repeating fusion and fission, and polarized clustering of the islands. (elifesciences.org)
We studied neurogenesis during embryonic development of Pseudopallene sp. (biomedcentral.com)
The basic architecture of the arthropod central nervous system is most evident during embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)

To determine whether such a localised posterior proliferation zone is an ancestral feature of Panarthropoda (Onychophora + Tardigrada + Arthropoda), we examined cell division patterns in embryos of Onychophora. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on our data, we present a mathematical model, which challenges the paradigm that a localised posterior proliferation zone is necessary for segment patterning in short germ developing arthropods. (biomedcentral.com)

Segmental patterning cues operate autonomously within the rhombic lip precursor pool. (biomedcentral.com)
How graded and segmental cues interact in specifying r1 precursors is key to understanding the origins of the cerebellum, a major structure in the higher vertebrate brain. (biomedcentral.com)

Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
These include embryonic disc and bilaminar disc formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, primordial germ-cell specification, polarized yolk sac with visceral and parietal endoderm formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity and a connecting stalk, and a trophoblast-surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium and lacunae formation. (nature.com)
The PNC is homologous to superficial mesoderm derived structures of other species like the gastrocoel roof plate (GRP) in frog and Kupffer's vesicle (KV) in fish. (studylibde.com)

The results indicated that elevated Par3 expression induces cortical localization of the Par-complex at the interphase. (elifesciences.org)

Here we extend those findings to humans using only genetically unmodified human naive embryonic stem cells (cultured in human enhanced naive stem cell medium conditions) 4 . (nature.com)

Embryonic neurogenesis in Pseudopallene sp. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic neurogenesis has two phases. (biomedcentral.com)

We find that early transcriptional patterning of key morphogenetic transcription factors drives the selective activation of downstream morphogenetic modules, such as GPCR signaling that activates apical-medial actomyosin activity to drive cell wedging at the future asymmetrically placed invagination point. (elifesciences.org)

The hypothesis states that coronary heart disease is associated with specific patterns of disproportionate fetal growth that result from fetal undernutrition in middle to late gestation. (bmj.com)
In the fetal period, from nine weeks after conception onwards, there begins the phase of rapid growth that continues until after birth. (bmj.com)
My research interests focus mainly on stem cells (embryonic, 'adult' and fetal origins) and their applications in tissue engineering, particularly the osteoblast and bone tissue. (nottingham.ac.uk)
We examined five cell lines: Bovine embryonic lungs (BEL), bovine turbinated (BT), Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), calf oesopharyngeal (KOP-R), and sheep fetal thymus (SFT-R), which were inoculated with two cp BVDV strains (NADL and Oregon C24V) and two non-cp BVDV strains (PT810 and CS8644). (uvlf.sk)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)

Interestingly, before the establishment of the preplacodal region, Xfoxi1a expression is detected in the entire cephalic non-neural ectoderm at the mid- and late gastrula stages. (biologists.com)
During embryonic stages of lung organogenesis, TGF-β1 is pivotal in epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, during alveolarization and for airway branching morphology. (springer.com)
St4 and St3 gene expressions gradually increased during the early stages, reached a small peak on Day 3, and large peaks were again detected on Day 7. (bvsalud.org)
Using a network reconstruction algorithm, we predict that known chloroplast gene expression regulators are differentially involved across those developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
Using fluorescent indicators, we found distinct alterations of pH i - and V mem -patterns during stages 8 to 12 of oogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we determine the embryonic ontogeny of the two main striatal pathways (striatonigral and striatopallidal) and identify novel (non)cell-autonomous roles for the axon guidance receptor Frizzled3 in uncharacterized aspects of striatal pathway formation (i.e., anterior-posterior axon guidance in the striatum and axon entry into the globus pallidus). (jneurosci.org)
These data suggest that the observed naloxone-induced antinociceptive response is the consequence of the local expression of MORS196A-CSTA at specific PFTα solubility dmso sites of pain pathway. (mglursignaling.com)

Abstract This was due to disruption of the floor plate and therefore the loss of the restrictive midline barrier function of Lefty expression as described in Shh mutant mice. (studylibde.com)

Unexpectedly, the expression of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes is precociously downregulated and intracellular cholesterol levels are reduced in Smad4-deficient limb bud mesenchymal progenitors. (devgenbasel.com)

The use of archetypal clustering to group variants with similar patterns of effects may assist in identifying the biological processes underlying correlated traits. (otago.ac.nz)
The developmental gradient in monocot leaves has been exploited to uncover leaf developmental gene expression programs and chloroplast biogenesis processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data reveal that Ftm is necessary for developmental processes such as the establishment of left-right asymmetry and patterning of the neural tube and the limbs. (silverchair.com)

Beyond the variety of molecular implementations of such patterns, we emphasize the unitary principles associated with them, across scales in space and time, within a general mechanochemical framework. (mpi-cbg.de)
Our goal is to convey a picture of pattern formation that draws attention to the principles rather than solely to specific molecular mechanisms. (mpi-cbg.de)
Noninvasive detection and imaging of molecular markers in live cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells Biophysical Journal. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Mathematical frameworks have been devised to account for the self-organization of biological patterns, most famously the Turing framework. (mpi-cbg.de)

Also, the study will look at whether there are gene expression profiles in the tumor tissue that can predict pathologic complete response. (stanford.edu)
This paper addresses a fundamental question in developmental biology, that is, how morphogenetic movements driving tissue folding are patterned to occur with the correct spatiotemporal dynamics. (elifesciences.org)
The patterning and fate determination gene products do not directly affect morphogenetic changes, but rather instruct the expression of downstream morphogenetic effectors that drive a tissue primordium down a path of defined physical changes. (elifesciences.org)
From 1999 onwards my research has been focused primarily on osteoblast biology and approaches to tissue engineer and model bone biology, pathology and repair. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Transcriptome sequencing revealed that all homologs induced the same general patterns with a drastic shift in gene expression profiles of leaves from that of a typical source tissue to a source-limited sink-like tissue: Transcripts encoding enzymes for plastid uptake and metabolism of phosphoenolpyruvate, fatty acid and oil biosynthesis were up-regulated, as were also transcripts encoding starch degradation. (biomedcentral.com)

Inhibition of Xfoxi1a activities by injection of antisense oligonucleotides leads to suppression of non-CNS ectodermal markers (e.g. keratin ) and expansion of the anterior expression domain of the CNS marker Sox2 . (biologists.com)
Early global overexpression of Hoxa2 at embryonic day 0 has no effect on the expression of isthmic signalling molecules or the allocation of rhombomere 1 territory, but selectively results in the loss of granule cell markers at embryonic day 6 and the depletion of cell bodies from the external granule cell layer. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to the regeneration progress, the expressions of Pc-Hemocyanin, Pc-TG, and Pc-AIF-1, which are markers of hemocyte-mediated functions like oxygen transport and immunity, clotting, and inflammation, were modified. (unimore.it)

The first variant as shown in the figure below has been found in lung, blood, and human embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)

Our work illustrates that the dynamic patterning of the expression of transcription factors and downstream morphogenetic effectors ensures positionally fixed areas of cell behavior with regards to the invagination point. (elifesciences.org)
Other lasting "memories" of undernutrition include change in the distribution of cell types, in patterns of hormonal secretion, in metabolic activity, and in organ structure. (bmj.com)
Patterning the mechanical properties of hydrogen silsesquioxane films using electron beam irradiation for application in mechano cell guidance THIN SOLID FILMS. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Cerebellar granule cell precursors are specifically generated within the hindbrain segment, rhombomere 1, which is bounded rostrally by the midbrain/hindbrain isthmus and caudally by the boundary of the Hoxa2 expression domain. (biomedcentral.com)
This contrasts with a localised pattern of cell divisions at the posterior end of annelid embryos, which we used as a positive control. (biomedcentral.com)
To clarify this question, an analysis of the pattern of cell division in embryos of a closely related outgroup, such as Onychophora or velvet worms, is required. (biomedcentral.com)
Our previous study has shown that opioid antagonists activate MORS196A-CSTA (a mutant of mu-opioid receptor) as full agonists in vitro cell models and naloxone showed antinociceptive effects after the expression of MORS196A-CSTA in the spinal cord in mice. (mglursignaling.com)
Thus, this reconstruction system provides an experimental paradigm to study features of the assembly process and structure of Par-dependent cell-autonomous polarity. (elifesciences.org)

The sensorimotor system starts to develop during gestation, which leads to patterned movements. (physio-pedia.com)

This is due to the nervous system's conserved basic architecture on the one hand, and on the other its lineage-specific structural diversity, which facilitates the specific comparison and possible homologization of neural structures and their respective sub-parts [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)

This patterning in combination with the asymmetric geometrical setup ensures functional organ formation. (elifesciences.org)

This mouse exhibits growth retardation from postnatal day 2 onwards although it also shows a broader range of phenotypes including higher postnatal death. (biomedcentral.com)

The formation of these patterns can have different origins: purely chemical, purely mechanical, or a combination of the two. (mpi-cbg.de)

This work has shown that distinct tauopathies are characterised by unique structures, which are (in part) a result of the deposition of specific tau isoforms. (researchsquare.com)

Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. (plos.org)

It has also been predicted to be a soluble nuclear protein with a leucine zipper pattern (PS00029) at position 205 onwards with a sequence LQKRERFLLEREQLLFRHENAL. (wikipedia.org)
There are no predicted 3° and 4° Structures for the CCDC138 protein. (wikipedia.org)
The predicted structure is Chain A, crystal structure analysis of Clpb, a protein that encodes an ATP-dependent protease and chaperone. (wikipedia.org)

The presence of tau splicing mutations results in disease-associated alterations in tau expression, specifically a dose-dependent increase in 4R tau isoforms in the presence of the MAPT 10+16 variant. (researchsquare.com)

This information IPI-145 chemical structure may potentially help clinicians interpret results of blood gas analysis and manage canine patients receiving oxygen insufflation via a nasal catheter. (mglursignaling.com)

Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that chromatin architectures play a role in regulating gene expression levels across topological domains while our targeted sequence approach represents a widely applicable methodology for high-resolution analysis of regional variation across candidate genomic loci. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that enCORs provide a robust and reproducible in vitro system for the analysis of tau expression and splicing in a 3D model. (researchsquare.com)
Analysis of embryonic XY gonads suggests that sex reversal is caused by delayed and reduced expression of the sex-determining gene SRY . (plos.org)

Although it is possible to culture structures derived from human blastocysts ex vivo, these cultures do not recapitulate the events and structural organization of the in vivo embryos 6 ( Supplementary Information ). (nature.com)
During embryonic life-that is, during the first eight weeks after conception-the body does not increase greatly in size, but the basic human form is laid down in miniature. (bmj.com)

This allows us to generate the first biologically-informed gene expression map of this leaf, with the entire developmental gradient from meristematic to fully differentiated cells captured. (biomedcentral.com)

These shapes are used because these religious traditions understand, or perhaps understood at one time the deeper esoteric principles those shapes, patterns, and ratios represent. (eu.org)
When i talk about sacred geometry I mean it defined in this way: The perennial sacred art-science dedicated to the study and applications of Harmonic power and the symbolic Shapes, Patterns & Numbers that constitute the language of nature & consciousness as a universal code of creation. (eu.org)

The study also led us to understand the library of structures formed during the membrane interactions with the polymeric molecules. (ncbs.res.in)

Receptor types are grouped based on receptor structure and physiological activity. (mglursignaling.com)

Axons that reach the GP in Frizzled3 knock-out mice fail to enter this structure. (jneurosci.org)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the site-directed antinociceptive effects of naloxone in mice injected GSK923295 chemical structure with dsAAV-MORS196A-CSTA-EGFP at spinal cord or at periaqueductal gray. (mglursignaling.com)

Despite this, coding SNPs in the second exon of FTO have not been found to follow the same association patterns. (biomedcentral.com)

In addition, high gene expressions of Tret1 were also detected when dechorionated eggs were incubated in the medium. (bvsalud.org)

The early Xfoxi1a expression in the anteroventral ectoderm is dependent on Bmp signals and suppressed by Wnt signals. (biologists.com)

Recent data show that maternal levels of thyroid hormone during early pregnancy is associated with offspring's IQ and brain structure [1]. (sciencesconf.org)

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