• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • On November 1, the NCDPH requested epidemiologic support from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (marlerblog.com)
  • Dr. Corinne Graffunder is Director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Office on Smoking and Health within the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (who.int)
  • Jane Henley is an epidemiologist in the Cancer Surveillance Branch in the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (who.int)
  • The official virus repositories are at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Ga, and the Institute of Viral Preparations in Moscow, Russia. (medscape.com)
  • David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D. Director Centers for Disease Control and Prevention --- Executive Summary "Ingenuity, knowledge, and organization alter but cannot cancel humanity's vulnerability to invasion by parasitic forms of life. (cdc.gov)
  • Neither the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor the National Prevention Information Network endorses the organizations, Website s, and materials presented. (cdc.gov)
  • She then served as a federal field epidemiologist with the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control prior to starting her career in public health. (bccdc.ca)
  • From sexually transmitted infections to measles and hepatitis A, public health workers routinely use contact tracing to stop the spread, according to Dr. Mayank Singal, a physician epidemiologist with the B.C. Centre for Disease Control. (ohscanada.com)
  • Dr. Ashleigh Tuite is an infectious disease epidemiologist, mathematical modeler, and assistant professor at the University of Toronto's Dalla Lana School of Public Health. (rc-rc.ca)
  • Before joining BCCDC in July 2001, she was the provincial epidemiologist in Ontario from 1997 to 2001, and a senior medical consultant in vaccine preventable diseases and tuberculosis (TB) control for the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care from 1990 to 1997. (bccdc.ca)
  • Given the importance of public health efforts for disease prevention and addressing health inequities, and the documented return on investment, governments should be increasing, not decreasing, their investments in public health. (springer.com)
  • A systematic review published in 2021 examined programs and services in Canada that address the prevention and management of infectious disease in people who inject drugs and found that discussion of HCV and/or HIV infection far outweighed discussion of other diseases related to injection drug use (41). (ohtn.on.ca)
  • Dr. Jeannette Comeau is a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Physician, Medical Director of Infection Prevention & Control at IWK, and co-lead of the IWK Pandemic Incident Management Committee. (rc-rc.ca)
  • Throughout the pandemic, Dr. Comeau has had important and positive influence on issues pertaining to testing and contact tracing, amongst other key issues related to infection prevention and control. (rc-rc.ca)
  • The Infection Prevention and Control Guide for Homelessness Service Settings provides information and recommendations for homelessness service providers and workers on infection prevention and control (IPAC). (toronto.ca)
  • The curriculum focuses on experiential learning activities specific to disease prevention and creating healthy, supportive environments. (conestogac.on.ca)
  • The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) pilot point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use. (prelekara.sk)
  • 5. European Centre for Disease prevention and Control. (prelekara.sk)
  • 6. European Centre for Disease prevention and Control. (prelekara.sk)
  • The provincial Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Strategy from 2008-12 (and then renewed until 2016) began with a focus on diabetes. (bvsalud.org)
  • She has been working at THL with smoking prevention and tobacco control for over a decade. (who.int)
  • She is responsible for providing broad leadership and direction for all scientific, policy, communication and programmatic issues related to tobacco prevention and control. (who.int)
  • She has subject matter expertise in prevention strategies, population health and health system transformation, focusing on a wide range of fields including tobacco use prevention and control, the prevention of violence and the prevention of non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and cancer. (who.int)
  • As the Nation's Prevention Agency, CDC looks forward to working with its many partners to address the challenges of emerging infectious disease threats. (cdc.gov)
  • It promotes the prevention and treatment of diseases of the chest through leadership, education, research, and communication. (cdc.gov)
  • The American Respiratory Alliance of Western Pennsylvania is dedicated to the prevention and control of lung disease through education, training, direct services, research funding, and advocacy since 1904. (cdc.gov)
  • On March 19, 2020, the Ontario government enacted amendments to the Ontario Employment Standards Act, 2000 (the " ESA ") allowing employees to take unpaid, job-protected leave for various reasons related to a designated infectious disease, such as COVID-19. (blaney.com)
  • La pandémie de la COVID-19 de 2020 a souligné l'importance du travail lié à la santé publique, ainsi que la nécessité d'un plan de rétablissement suite à une pandémie qui priorise l'investissement dans tous les domaines de santé publique en Nouvelle-Écosse. (springer.com)
  • She received an Award of Excellence from the Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities in 2020 for her dedication to the local community, students, and the broader post-secondary sector during the the COVID-19 pandemic. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Since synthetic medicines are very expensive, concerted efforts are being made in developing and poor countries to discover cost effective medicines for the treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). (nih.gov)
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of bioactive medicines from natural sources would not only open incipient avenues for the scientific community and pharmaceutical industry to discover new drug molecules for the therapy of NCDs, but also help to garner knowledge for alternative therapeutic approaches for the management of chronic diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global challenge, one that causes most of the deaths and disability among humans. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2018). Red book: 2018-2021 Report of the committee on infectious diseases (31st ed. (wechu.org)
  • 2018). Infectious Diseases Protocol: Appendix A - Diphtheria. (wechu.org)
  • Previous to this role, she spent over 20 years working in public health as a public health inspector, the Director of Environmental Public Health Science with Alberta Health as well as playing key leadership and management roles in emergency management, communicable disease and immunization and continuing care. (ncceh.ca)
  • Dr. Monika Naus is the medical director of the Communicable Diseases & Immunization Service at BCCDC. (bccdc.ca)
  • Dr. Naus' clinical and research interests include planning and evaluation of old and new immunization policy and programs, various aspects of vaccine preventable diseases and implications for future control in the context of immunization, immunization registries, determinants of vaccine uptake and vaccine safety. (bccdc.ca)
  • The determination of any changes with respect to behaviour of mosquitoes, before and after the introduction of bed nets is reflected in the potential of the mosquitoes to transmit diseases and can be of great epidemiological significance in mosquito abatement programmes. (advancedresearchpublications.com)
  • Using the International Health Regulations (IHR) mechanism, we informed relevant overseas health authorities of our epidemiological findings and collaborated with them to implement control measures for the contacts. (who.int)
  • 2009. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/0812_SUR_Annual_Epidemiological_Report_2008.pdf. (prelekara.sk)
  • Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 3, 305-309. (scirp.org)
  • Most participants agreed in principle that better access to human influenza vaccines, in particular those against H5N1 and pandemic disease, is one of the most important benefits. (who.int)
  • He has a particular interest in communicable disease control including influenza and Pandemic. (dal.ca)
  • Actualización sobre el virus la influenza aviar A (H5N1) en los seres humanos. (cdc.gov)
  • Treating and preventing influenza in aged care facilities: a cluster randomised controlled trial. (cdc.gov)
  • Course Coordinator - POPM*6800 - Infectious Disease Modeling (next offered in Winter 2023). (uoguelph.ca)
  • Between 1950 and 1980 the pundits were claiming antibiotics would solve the problems of most infectious disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • By 1981 it became clear that AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) was a serious infectious disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The newly described infectious disease emergency leave ("COVID-19 Leave") is available to most employees in Ontario. (blaney.com)
  • This provided a natural opportunity to examine the policies and provisions for public health surveillance in relation to emerging infectious disease and learn more about the Canadian surveillance system in the international context. (nccid.ca)
  • Since 1987, the National Academy of Science's Institute of Medicine has published three reports, each of which documents, from different perspectives, the urgent need to improve our ability to identify infectious disease threats and respond to them effectively. (cdc.gov)
  • Guidance was subsequently obtained at a meeting of infectious disease and public health experts in Atlanta in March 1993 and at a meeting of state and territorial public health epidemiologists, laboratory directors, and veterinarians in Minneapolis in June 1993. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr. Fong is widely renowned for his research into the impact of policies to curb tobacco smoking - the greatest cause of preventable cancer in Ontario, in Canada and around the world. (oicr.on.ca)
  • It's a major step in tackling the number one preventable cause of cancer and non-communicable diseases. (oicr.on.ca)
  • In an investigation of a listeriosis outbreak in Ontario, Canada, during November 2015-June 2016, pasteurized chocolate milk was identified as the source. (cdc.gov)
  • We report an outbreak of listeriosis associated with pasteurized chocolate milk in Ontario, Canada. (cdc.gov)
  • Outbreak cases of listeriosis (n = 34) by onset week and year, Ontario, Canada, November 2015-August 2016. (cdc.gov)
  • We defined an outbreak case-patient as a person in Ontario with listeriosis symptom onset after November 1, 2015, who had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern combinations LMACI.0015/LMAAI.0024 or LMACI.0015/LMAAI.0069. (cdc.gov)
  • Morton V, Meghnath K, Gheorghe M, Fitzgerald-Husek A, Hobbs J, Honish L, David S. Use of a case-control study and control bank to investigate an outbreak of locally acquired cyclosporiasis in Canada, 2016. (canada.ca)
  • To report on a national outbreak of locally acquired cyclosporiasis, highlight the challenges of investigating these outbreaks and document the first time use of a control bank to recruit controls for a national outbreak case-control study in Canada. (canada.ca)
  • Case-control studies are also commonly used for hypothesis generation during outbreak investigations. (canada.ca)
  • In response to the coronavirus outbreak, a number of provinces, including Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia and Prince Edward Island, have declared a state of emergency or state of public health emergency. (cbc.ca)
  • Initially, all patients who reported diarrheal illness were interviewed by local and state health department staff using the CDC's Standard Foodborne Disease Outbreak Case Questionnaire. (marlerblog.com)
  • Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Uruguay: Coxsackievirus A6 Identified as Causative of an Outbreak in a Rural Childcare Center. (cdc.gov)
  • COVID-19 Leave applies in those types of situations that will be familiar to anyone who has been following the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Ontario workplaces. (blaney.com)
  • This policy is informed by the provincial communicable disease surveillance protocols. (michener.ca)
  • This Michener policy is aligned with the provincial communicable disease surveillance protocols, developed under the Public Hospitals Act, Regulation 965. (michener.ca)
  • As required by North Carolina reportable disease laws, clinical laboratories submitted E. coli O157:H7 isolates to the state Laboratory for Public Health (LPH) for confirmation, toxin assay, and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular subtyping. (marlerblog.com)
  • The mumps virus does share various epidemiologic characteristics with other well-known viral pediatric diseases, such as measles (RNA virus, of the genus Morbillivirus, in the Paramyxoviridae family) and rubella (RNA virus, of the genus Rubivirus, in the Togaviridae family). (medscape.com)
  • The purpose of this data collection and analysis is to use the Canadian experience of responding to the Zika virus to support the enhancement of surveillance and reporting of emerging infectious diseases in Canada. (nccid.ca)
  • PFGE enzyme patterns were uploaded to PulseNet, the National Molecular Subtyping Surveillance System for foodborne diseases, which is maintained by scientists at the CDC. (marlerblog.com)
  • Ask the patient about animal exposure and its origin and report unusual diseases and zoonotic exposures to the local medical health officer. (bcmj.org)
  • Sarah Gregory] Today, I'm talking with Dr. Shelley Deeks, chief of communicable diseases at Public Health Ontario, about a unique measles virus in Canada. (cdc.gov)
  • Well measles is one of the most contagious infectious diseases known. (cdc.gov)
  • Before vaccines against measles became widely available, the disease was a significant cause of death and disability worldwide, leading to approximately two and a half million deaths every year. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, measles cases reported in Canada in recent years have been largely due to importation of the disease from such regions, and then limited spread within the country. (cdc.gov)
  • Shelley Deeks] In the province of Ontario, we continue to experience measles virus transmissions, despite the elimination of measles in the country. (cdc.gov)
  • Insecticide resistance issues in vector-borne disease control. (advancedresearchpublications.com)
  • Much of Wendy's research has been related to small drinking water systems, risk assessment, vector borne disease, climate change and food safety. (ncceh.ca)
  • Previously she worked at the Region of Peel health department in various roles related to environmental health, including food safety, vector borne disease, health hazards and health promotion. (ncceh.ca)
  • In his University teaching he saw epidemiology as a broad comprehensive subject studying the determinants of disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CNISP is a collaborative effort involving hospitals across the country participating as members of the Canadian Hospital Epidemiology Committee (a sub-committee of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Canada), and the Nosocomial and Occupational Infections Section, Public Health Agency of Canada. (canada.ca)
  • A review of the epidemiology, public health importance, treatment and control of head lice. (mcmaster.ca)
  • There is global concern on the methodological limitations, transferability and effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for chronic non-communicable diseases, particularly for hypertension. (scirp.org)
  • PFGE and whole-genome sequencing were performed at the Public Health Ontario Laboratory, in accordance with PulseNet Canada protocols ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
  • In Ontario, the Health Protection and Promotion Act, 1990 (HPPA) lays out the mandate to make regulations, programs and protocols which govern food premises. (toronto.ca)
  • Her research focuses on integrating data with mathematical models to study the epidemic spread of communicable diseases and identify optimal intervention and control strategies. (rc-rc.ca)
  • She integrates empirical data with mathematical models to test the mechanisms leading to the epidemic spread of pathogens and identify optimal intervention and control strategies. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. (cdc.gov)
  • Tony is also on the board of Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health, where he is a member of the Finance and Quality Committee and on the Board of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and is focused on creating greater awareness and understanding of Governance. (canadianfeedthechildren.ca)
  • As a result of this association the book on "The Control of Infections in Hospitals" was published in 1966. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2013. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/healthcare-associated-infections-antimicrobial-use-PPS.pdf. (prelekara.sk)
  • Food safety investigations, including targeted retail sampling, were conducted by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1973 le Riche and Dr. Michael Lenczner raised the importance of infectious and tropical disease imported into Canada by travellers, immigrants and refugees. (wikipedia.org)
  • The legislation specifically references control measures such as "self-isolation" that are implemented as a result of information or directions issued to the public by a public health official, a qualified health practitioner, Telehealth Ontario, the Government of Ontario, the Government of Canada, a municipal council or a board of health, whether through print, electronic, broadcast or other means. (blaney.com)
  • Most of the increase in MRSA cases occurred in central Canada (Ontario and Quebec), although there were also increases elsewhere in the country ( Figure 2 ). (canada.ca)
  • Production of this document has been made possible through a financial contribution from the Public Health Agency of Canada through funding for the National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases. (nccid.ca)
  • We are licensed in Ontario, Canada. (owinsurance.com)
  • Residents who received one or both doses of a COVID-19 vaccine outside of Ontario or Canada are now able to register their vaccine(s) with the province, using a new tool developed by the Eastern Ontario Health Unit (EOHU). (eohu.ca)
  • AstraZeneca Canada headquarters are located in Mississauga, Ontario. (rc-rc.ca)
  • Amy Greer is a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Population Disease Modeling and Associate Professor in the Department of Population Medicine. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Dr. Greer has previously held scientific positions in the Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control at the Public Health Agency of Canada . (uoguelph.ca)
  • Some dogs carry diseases that are rare in Canada and may pose a risk to the public ( Table ). (bcmj.org)
  • The disease is very rare in southern Canada, though recently there have been reports of locally acquired E. multilocularis infection in dogs in BC, Alberta, and Ontario. (bcmj.org)
  • This paper throws light on the significance of two synthetic pyrethroids, permethrin and deltamethrin, when impregnated into mosquito nets for self-protection and vector control. (advancedresearchpublications.com)
  • Data were obtained from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, integrated Public. (cdc.gov)
  • In Ontario, local public health professionals complete the national invasive listeriosis questionnaire and collect food samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Laboratory analyses of food samples were conducted by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and the Public Health Ontario Laboratory. (cdc.gov)
  • Research on Medical Care included surveys on the work of Medical Officers of Health in Ontario, and the work of Optometrists and Ophthalmologists in Ontario. (wikipedia.org)
  • Public Health Ontario. (tbdhu.com)
  • The employee is in isolation, quarantine or "subject to a control measure" in accordance with public health information or direction. (blaney.com)
  • These types of proactive control measures may be subject to change based on future guidance from public health authorities. (blaney.com)
  • This chronic under-funding is problematic given the high rates of non-communicable diseases in Nova Scotia and health inequities experienced within the population. (springer.com)
  • She works on a variety of environmental public health issues and projects on the team spanning environmental burden of disease, food safety, environmental exposures and risk communication. (ncceh.ca)
  • In addition, JinHee (co-)supervises the many residents and students who cycle through the team, and is involved more broadly with educational efforts at Public Health Ontario, including offerings to practising public health professionals and resident rotations. (ncceh.ca)
  • She is also active on the program committee of The Ontario Public Health Convention, an annual conference for public health practitioners. (ncceh.ca)
  • Dr. Wendy Pons is a full time professor at Conestoga College in the Bachelor of Environmental Public Health Program in Kitchener, Ontario. (ncceh.ca)
  • Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. (wechu.org)
  • Controls for the study were recruited primarily from a control bank, that is, a list of individuals who had previously agreed to participate in public health-related surveys. (canada.ca)
  • The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data with the purpose of preventing or controlling disease or injury, or of identifying unusual events of public health importance, followed by the dissemination and use of information for public health action. (nccid.ca)
  • 3 It sets out a multidisciplinary disease control framework involving the Department of Health, Hospital Authority, the travel industry and airlines, etc. (who.int)
  • Quebec's Public Health Act also provides powers more directly relevant to a communicable disease, he said. (cbc.ca)
  • As for Ontario, its Health Protection and Promotion Act doesn't have the same distinct 'public health emergency' option, which is likely why they declared their state of emergency under the Emergency Management Act, Lindsay said. (cbc.ca)
  • These models have shown the importance of different public health response measures, including physical distancing, testing, and contact tracing for controlling epidemic spread. (rc-rc.ca)
  • The Ontario Veterinary College (OVC) at the University of Guelph is a world leader in advancing veterinary medicine and health research to improve the health of animals, people, and our planet. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Health officials soon refined their investigation further and began a case-control study. (marlerblog.com)
  • While the concept of contact tracing has been in the news since March, public health officials have used it for decades to control the spread of infectious diseases. (ohscanada.com)
  • In Ontario, 95 per cent of contacts of a test positive case are reached within 24 hours, according to Marianne Gervais, public health nurse and spokesperson for Ottawa Public Health. (ohscanada.com)
  • With effective contact tracing being conducted by public health across the country and smartphone apps rolled out in Alberta, Ontario, and soon the rest of the country, should employers get in the business of contact tracing? (ohscanada.com)
  • In July an Ottawa man filed suit against the Ontario government for a mental health breakdown he alleged occurred after spending 18 months in solitary confinement while on remand awaiting trial. (state.gov)
  • Infection control for the health care worker / Leigh G. Donowitz. (who.int)
  • Preventing infectious diseases must be a high priority in a reformed health care system and requires close cooperation between clinicians and public health professionals. (cdc.gov)
  • In Ontario, the Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act gives the government the power to declare a state of emergency. (cbc.ca)
  • Ontario declared its state of emergency under its Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act. (cbc.ca)
  • Tony has led or assisted executives and boards with the evaluation and enhancement of governance, risk management, and internal controls associated with Financial, Information Technology, Regulatory, and Operational activities or functional areas. (canadianfeedthechildren.ca)
  • 1) The strategy had a stated intention to expand beyond diabetes to a broader chronic-disease management approach. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2013) Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Documented by Cardiac Computed Tomography: Discrepancy between Atherosclerotic Burden and Cardiovascular Risk. (scirp.org)
  • 2013) Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden, Treatment, and Control among Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States. (scirp.org)
  • The pathogen- and incidence-based DALY approach: an appropriate [corrected] methodology for estimating the burden of infectious diseases. (prelekara.sk)
  • New methodology for estimating the burden of infectious diseases in Europe. (prelekara.sk)
  • Disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study. (prelekara.sk)
  • The shift in higher risk for mumps to these other age groups (ie, from younger school-aged children to older children, adolescents, and young adults), which occurred after the routine use of the mumps vaccine was initiated, has persisted despite minimal fluctuations in disease incidence that have occurred among the various age groups. (medscape.com)
  • The American Thoracic Society helps prevent and fight respiratory disease through research, education, patient care, and advocacy. (cdc.gov)
  • High hepatitis C prevalence, even after controlling for risky injection practices, suggests that solvent users may form closed networks of higher risk even amongst an already high-risk IDU population. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dr. Greer's research program explores the introduction, spread, dynamics, and control of infectious diseases in populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • TPH provides a variety of programs and services to reduce drug-related harm for people who use drugs, including preventing the spread of communicable diseases. (toronto.ca)
  • Once the disease and its method of spread were understood better, smallpox vaccination became mandatory in developed countries in the early 1900s. (medscape.com)
  • Complex Chronic Disease - Complex Chronic Disease Clinic - BC Women's Hospital - Physician and Patient Resources for (Chronic Fatigue, Fibromyalgia, CHronic Lyme Disease etc. (medi-mouse.com)
  • If a patient presents with compatible symptoms, consult an infectious diseases specialist or medical microbiologist to determine the diagnostic workup. (bcmj.org)
  • This review study envisages the role of insecticide-elicited mosquito behaviour for disease eradication programmes. (advancedresearchpublications.com)
  • To narrow down the food items of interest, a matched case-control study was conducted. (canada.ca)
  • The case-control study identified only blackberries and mesclun greens as significantly more frequently consumed by cases than controls. (canada.ca)
  • This newest study builds on the ITC Project's previous work by combining ITC data across 7 provinces with data from another project that also evaluated the impact of the menthol ban only in Ontario. (oicr.on.ca)
  • Emerging infectious diseases : hand book for dental surgeons / edited by T. Samraj. (who.int)
  • At the same time, our ability to detect, contain, and prevent emerging infectious diseases is in jeopardy. (cdc.gov)
  • OICR Senior Investigator Dr. Geoffrey Fong's research helped inform the newly proposed tobacco control policy. (oicr.on.ca)
  • As Chief Principal Investigator of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project (ITC Project) at the University of Waterloo, he led an evaluation of Canada's recent menthol cigarette ban that was cited by the FDA as it explored a U.S. menthol ban. (oicr.on.ca)
  • Now, on the same week of the FDA's latest announcement, Dr. Fong and colleagues published a new analysis in Tobacco Control that projects the U.S. ban could lead 1.3 million American smokers to quit. (oicr.on.ca)
  • Origins of the arctic fox variant rabies viruses responsible for recent cases of the disease in southern Ontario. (cdc.gov)