• Spiking activity along the dorsoventral axis was recorded with a laminar probe as Rhesus monkeys generated saccades to the same stimulus location in tasks that require either executive control to delay saccade onset until permission is granted or the production of an immediate response to a target whose onset is predictable. (bvsalud.org)
  • We therefore compared amplitude levels and onset times of both spike bursts and LFP modulations recorded simultaneously with a laminar probe along the dorsoventral axis of SC in 3 male monkeys performing the visually guided delayed saccade task. (bvsalud.org)
  • One study on rhesus monkeys revealed widespread reciprocal connections between the insular cortex and almost all subnuclei of the amygdaloid complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two rhesus monkeys were trained to perform a spatial delayed-response task with frequent alternations between two behavioral modes (GO and NO-GO). (huji.ac.il)
  • To further investigate whether the basal ganglia actually influence error-based learning, we reversibly inactivated the oculomotor portion of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) in two monkeys and tested saccade adaptation. (eneuro.org)
  • For visually guided saccades, neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) emit a burst of spikes to register the appearance of stimulus, and many of the same neurons discharge another burst to initiate the eye movement. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neurons in the parietal cortex produced brief oscillations in their firing rate at the time routing was established: upon onset of the motion display when its location was unpredictable across trials, and upon onset of an attention cue that indicated in which of two locations an informative patch of dots would appear. (jneurosci.org)
  • We previously showed that macaque caudal intraparietal (CIP) area neurons possess robust 3D visual representations, carry choice- and saccade-related activity, and exhibit experience-dependent sensorimotor associations (Chang et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we challenge that unified view with convergent anatomical and physiological results from rhesus macaques. (nature.com)
  • To produce goal-directed eye movements known as saccades, we must channel sensory input from our environment through a process known as sensorimotor transformation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sensorimotor associations between 3D orientation and saccade direction preferences were stronger in CIP than V3A, and moderated by choice signals in both areas. (elifesciences.org)
  • The frontal eye fields (FEFs) participate in both working memory and sensorimotor transformations for saccades, but their role in integrating these functions through time remains unclear. (eneuro.org)
  • Tonal frequency affects amplitude but not topography of rhesus monkey cranial EEG components. (pitt.edu)
  • In particular, the inactivation facilitated the amplitude decrease adaptation of ipsiversive saccades. (eneuro.org)
  • Consistent with previous studies, no effect was seen on the amplitude of the ipsiversive saccades when we did not induce adaptation. (eneuro.org)
  • Visually triggered saccades were affected to a lesser extent by the LD MPTP treatments. (huji.ac.il)
  • Surprisingly, conditions without visual stimulation of the LIP-RF-evoked robust LFP responses in every frequency band-most prominently in those below 50 Hz-precisely time-locked to the expected time of stimulus onset in the RF. (mit.edu)
  • These results show that cognitive and motor disorders can be dissociated in the LD MPTP model and that cognitive and oculomotor impairments develop before the onset of skeletal motor symptoms. (huji.ac.il)
  • Thus, our data suggest that the oculomotor SNr assists saccade adaptation by strengthening the error signal. (eneuro.org)
  • Here, we address this question by showing that inactivation of the oculomotor basal ganglia influences the saccade motor learning, a well-established error-based motor learning model. (eneuro.org)
  • Together, the results explicate parallel representations, hierarchical transformations, and functional associations of visual and saccade-related signals at a key juncture in the 'where' pathway. (elifesciences.org)
  • The subject, a rhesus monkey, must determine the net direction of dynamic random dots, only a fraction of which are informative at any moment. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we tracked FEF spatial codes through time using a novel analytic method applied to the classic memory-delay saccade task. (eneuro.org)
  • Self-initiated saccades became hypometric after LD MPTP treatments and their frequency decreased. (huji.ac.il)
  • and second, there is an established behavioral paradigm that causes an adaptation of saccade size by providing an apparent visual error ( McLaughlin, 1967 ). (eneuro.org)
  • In contrast, substantial intracollicular processing likely results in a saccade-related spike burst that leads LFP modulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Intriguingly, the time course of saccade-related activity in CIP aligned with the temporally integrated V3A output. (elifesciences.org)
  • Contextual processing in unpredictable auditory environments: the limited resource model of auditory refractoriness in the rhesus. (pitt.edu)
  • Alpha and beta responses were much less strongly affected by the presence of a saccade target, however, but rose sharply in the waiting period before the go signal. (mit.edu)
  • Additionally, patients with Parkinson's disease, a basal ganglia deficit, show slower saccade adaptation than age matched controls. (eneuro.org)
  • Here, we show that nigral inactivation affected saccade adaptation. (eneuro.org)
  • The smooth-pursuit region (FEFsem) in macaque monkeys lies principally in the fundus and deep posterior wall of the arcuate sulcus , between the FEF saccade region (FEFsac) in the anterior wall and somatomotor areas on the posterior wall and convexity. (brainmaps.org)
  • As motivation for reward decreased, s-N, d-P potentials at a latency of about 80 ms after stimulus onset became gradually smaller in the rostral bank of the arcuate sulcus in the right hemisphere. (brainmaps.org)
  • There is conflicting evidence as to whether purely visual cues also effect contextual saccade adaptation and, if so, what function this might serve. (nih.gov)
  • We conclude that some, but not all, visual cues before the saccade are sufficient for contextual adaptation. (nih.gov)
  • We conclude that the cerebellum mediates short-term adaptation of the inverse model, especially by control of saccade duration, while the forward dynamics model was not affected by cerebellar pathology. (bvsalud.org)
  • Over 5 experiments, 78 naive subjects made saccades to circularly moving targets, which stepped outward or inward during the saccade depending on target movement direction, speed, or color and shape. (nih.gov)
  • Besides motor recalibration of (1) the inverse model, learning also comprises perceptual recalibration of (2) the visuospatial target map and (3) of a forward dynamics model that estimates the saccade size from corollary discharge. (bvsalud.org)