• Interesting, HTLV-1 Tax viral gene is known to dampen innate antiviral signaling pathways to avoid host detection and elimination, through SOCS1 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP). (wikipedia.org)
  • Microbial infection) Also considered to be a mediator for HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein activation of NF-kappa-B. (cusabio.com)
  • HTLV-1 causes an aggressive form of leukaemia: adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), and Tax has largely been implicated in the oncogenic potential of this virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although Tax from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 can cause cells to become cancerous experimentally, Tax produced by HTLV-2 is less oncogenic than that from HTLV-1 and therefore is thought to be the reason that HTLV-2 is not associated with ATL. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. (ac.ir)
  • A Tax Gene Product (Tax) is a nuclear protein that has a molecular weight of about 37,000 to 40,000 daltons. (wikipedia.org)
  • The tax protein produced from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 have been most extensively studied. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tax modulates cellular processes by protein-protein interaction (binding with proteins), transcriptional activation (promoting the production of proteins) and transcriptional repression (inhibiting the production of proteins). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Tax protein has pleiotropic effects on host-cell gene expression and activates several pathways such as the cyclic AMP responsive binding protein (CREB), the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), the cyclin-dependant kinases (CDKs), and the Akt pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Tax-expressing cells also exhibit nuclear morphological aberrancy, frequent multinucleation, aneuploidy, and loss of function of the tumor suppressor protein p53. (nih.gov)
  • The Tax protein has pleiotropic effects on host-cell gene expression and activates several pathways such as the cyclic AMP responsive binding protein (CREB), the nuclear factor kappa-B, the cyclin-dependant kinases (CDKs), and the Akt pathways. (nih.gov)
  • The pleiotropic viral protein Tax mediates the NF-κB activation resulting in abnormal cytokine and cytokine receptor expression[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is currently thought that tumors develop from a persistently infected T-cell reservoir, which can be amplified by cytokine-induced activation leading to viral gene expression, cellular proliferation and survival of some expanded cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Viral gene expression has been implicated in the disruption of various normal cellular processes, including activation, growth, and apoptosis, the latter allowing accumulation of abnormalities leading to cellular transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We decided to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the loss of CD3 expression, its kinetics and its timely relationship with viral gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tax also causes aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome numbers), which is a possible cause of transformation (normal cells becoming cancer cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Jeang will speak on research insights gained over the past 25 years on how HTLV-1 infection and Tax expression create nuclear damage and aneuploidy in the process of cellular transformation. (nih.gov)
  • The impact of sphingolipids on MDR1 gene expression in cancer appears to reflect the myriad intracellular signaling pathways of ceramide and its metabolites. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • It also modulates gene transcription and recombination [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, successful transformation of human cells has not been established using Tax. (nih.gov)
  • Cellular processes that Tax dysregulates to produce cancerous cells include the cell cycle and the maintenance of genomic integrity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tax acts as a transactivator, causing the transcription (production of mRNA from genetic code) of viral proteins in the long terminal repeat that are essential for replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to Tax's ability to promote the transcription of viral proteins in the nucleus, it also regulates many human genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tax can also immortalize human primary T lymphocytes. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study we examined the relationship between ceramide, ceramide metabolites and expression of the MDR1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Although the mechanisms of gene activation are still unclear, ceramide's role as a messenger of cytotoxic response to chemotherapy might be linked to the MDR pathway. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • The activation of the Akt/Bad pathway generates a progressive resistance to apoptosis, at a time HTLV-I genes expression is silenced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper, we studied expression, kinetics, chromatin remodeling of the CD3 gene at different time-points post HTLV-I infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure of cells to either octanoic acid (C8:0), a C8-ceramide hydrolysis product, or oleic acid (C18:1) did not affect MDR1 expression. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • however, the sequence of CD3 genes loss of expression had not been investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • Tax is produced by members of the retroviral family primate T-lymphotropic virus, which are classified as Deltaretroviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus encodes a oncoprotein, Tax, which has been shown to transform primary rodent cells. (nih.gov)
  • There are currently no reviews for this product. (cusabio.com)
  • The proteins made by oncogenes are oncoproteins. (cancer.org)
  • The team's findings are the latest in a long and distinguished line of research at CSHL involving adenovirus, a type of virus that causes the common cold in people, but whose genome contains known oncogenes - genes whose expression can promote cancer under certain conditions. (vetscite.org)
  • Tax acts as a transactivator, causing the transcription (production of mRNA from genetic code) of viral proteins in the long terminal repeat that are essential for replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to Tax's ability to promote the transcription of viral proteins in the nucleus, it also regulates many human genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interesting, HTLV-1 Tax viral gene is known to dampen innate antiviral signaling pathways to avoid host detection and elimination, through SOCS1 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interacting Protein (AIP). (wikipedia.org)
  • 16. An interaction between the human T cell leukemia virus type 1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ) and the KIX domain of p300/CBP contributes to the down-regulation of tax-dependent viral transcription by HBZ. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Distinct gene expression signatures induced by viral transactivators of different HTLV-1 subgroups that confer a different risk of HAM/TSP. (nih.gov)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • A viral oncoprotein originally isolated from a murine T CELL LYMPHOMA infected with the acutely transforming retrovirus AKT8. (bvsalud.org)
  • 4. Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 antisense-encoded gene, Hbz, promotes T-lymphocyte proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • 6. HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor gene mRNA supports proliferation of adult T cell leukemia cells. (nih.gov)
  • 12. Requirement of the human T-cell leukemia virus p12 and p30 products for infectivity of human dendritic cells and macaques but not rabbits. (nih.gov)
  • 14. HTLV-1 Infection and Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma-A Tale of Two Proteins: Tax and HBZ. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax oncoprotein represses the expression of the BCL11B tumor suppressor in T-cells. (nih.gov)
  • Tax modulates cellular processes by protein-protein interaction (binding with proteins), transcriptional activation (promoting the production of proteins) and transcriptional repression (inhibiting the production of proteins). (wikipedia.org)
  • Intracellular Localization and Cellular Factors Interaction of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Tax Proteins: Similarities and Functional Differences. (univr.it)
  • Association of HTLV Tax proteins with TAK1-binding protein 2 and RelA in calreticulin-containing cytoplasmic structures partecipates in Tax-mediated NF-KB activation. (univr.it)
  • HTLV Tax proteins associate with TAB2 and RelA in Tax-mediated NF-kB activation. (univr.it)
  • Functional comparison of Tax proteins of Human T- lymphotropic Viruses -1 and -2: implications for gene transactivation and interaction with signalling pathways. (univr.it)
  • An oncoprotein from the Cas NS-1 murine retrovirus that induces pre- B-CELL LYMPHOMA and MYELOID LEUKEMIAS . (nih.gov)
  • However, it has been hypothesized that Tax induces genomic instability via repression of cellular DNA repair. (nih.gov)
  • We suggest that association of Tax with this multifunctional subnuclear site results in disruption of a subset of the site-specific activities and contributes to cellular genomic instability. (nih.gov)
  • Studies of mutant variants of Rous Sarcoma virus that caused reversible, temperature-sensitive transformation, by Steve Martin at U.C. Berkeley and later, Hidesaburo Hanafusa at the Rockefeller University, strongly supported the existence of a protein product of the ' src ' region of the genome. (harvard.edu)
  • MDM2 (or HDM2 in humans) is an oncoprotein that can inactivate P53 tumor suppressor. (kritischderblog.de)
  • Trials with a line of human cancer cells demonstrated that the artificial viruses very effectively transport an siRNA and block the target gene. (vetscite.org)
  • Specifically, Tax expression induces redistribution of diffuse nuclear 53BP1 to the TSS foci. (nih.gov)
  • The gene encoding p53 (also known as TP53) is frequently mutated in human cancers, including colorectal, lung, brain, liver, bladder, and esophageal cancers [].Germ-line mutations in TP53 have been reported in Li-Fraumeni …The model characterizes crosstalk between the HIF-1 and p53 pathways upon hypoxia. (kritischderblog.de)
  • Molecular genetics, gene transfer, and therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • To gain insight into the mechanism of T-cell transformation, our studies are focused in understanding the molecular interactions of HTLV and the host, with particular emphasis on the effects of individual gene products on T-cell turnover and interaction with microenvironment. (univr.it)
  • 1983 - 1987 Princeton University - B.A. in Molecular Biology Thesis - "Analysis of the REP2 Gene Product of the Yeast Plasmid 22µ circle. (ganchi.com)
  • We show yes to Chemicals when accounts need all an product with molecular Activities also to self-promise. (cutechabeads.com)
  • We also show that Tax targets a discrete nuclear site and co-localizes with chk2 and not chk1. (nih.gov)
  • This nuclear site, previously identified as Tax Speckled Structures (TSS), also contains the early damage response factor 53BP1. (nih.gov)
  • Immunoprecipitation with anti-chk2 antibody results in co-precipitation of Tax demonstrating a direct interaction of Tax with a chk2-containing complex. (nih.gov)
  • If this RNA is made complementary to a specific gene sequence, it can very specifically block the reading of this gene. (vetscite.org)
  • The virus encodes a oncoprotein, Tax, which has been shown to transform primary rodent cells. (nih.gov)
  • Tax confers immortalization, anchorage-dependent cell growth, and tumorigenicity to rodent cells. (nih.gov)
  • This trait is now being exploited for gene therapy, in which genes are brought into the cells of a patient to treat genetic diseases or genetic defects. (vetscite.org)
  • As described in the journal Angewandte Chemie, they have been able to use it to transport both genes and drugs into the interior of cancer cells. (vetscite.org)
  • There's also a need for drugs to target the other-more than 300-genetic changes in the BRAF gene in melanomas. (cancer.org)
  • Another benefit is that, unlike oncoprotein inhibitors that need to bind to their target over an extended period of time to work well, PROTACs follow more of a 'hit and run' strategy: relatively short exposures to therapeutic doses of PROTACs result in complete elimination of the target. (cancer.org)
  • which is where the name Tax comes from (transactivator from the X-gene region). (wikipedia.org)
  • HTLV-2B Tax oncoprotein is modified by ubiquitination and sumoylation and displays intracellular localization similar to its homologue HTLV-1 Tax. (univr.it)