• Senescence limits proliferative capacity of cells and thus impedes the accumulation of multiple mutations necessary for tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Both are linked to transformation due to deregulated kinase/phosphatase signaling or STAT5 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations. (nature.com)
  • By limiting cell proliferation, senescence impedes the accumulation of multiple mutations that are necessary for tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Oncogenic point mutations in KIT or PDGFRA are recognized as the primary events responsible for the pathogenesis of most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), but additional genomic alterations are frequent and presumably required for tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Whereas oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA mutations seem vital to promote the neoplastic transformation, additional somatic alterations are presumably necessary for the biological and clinical progression of these tumors and may explain the different responses to targeted therapy seen in these patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the relationship between the pattern of KIT and PDGFRA oncogenic mutations and that of cytogenetic changes has not been systematically studied, precluding a full understanding of the genetic pathways involved in GIST development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
  • Overall, mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mtDNA mutations, malfunctioned TCA cycle enzymes, electron respiratory chain leakage and subsequent oxidative stress, and/or aberrant oncogenic and tumor suppressor signaling is known to alter cellular metabolic pathways, disrupt redox balance, and cause resistance to apoptosis and therapies that significantly contribute to the development of multiple types of human cancers. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In addition, it has to be emphasized, that stromal cells, lymphocytes and endothelial cells in the clinical samples are essential as internal positive tissue controls especially for carcinomas with TP53 mutations causing absence and loss of p53 expression in the tumour cells. (nordiqc.org)
  • Disruption of DNA damage response pathways results in an accumulation of genetic mutations, gene amplifications and chromosome alterations, which are key initiating factors in cellular transformation and oncogenesis. (unife.it)
  • In this model, early mutations in epigenetic modifiers interact with late cooperative mutations to enable malignant transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both MGL binding and oncogenic BRAF mutations have been implicated in establishing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, aberrant oncogenic activation, DNA damage or oxidative stress activates senescence, providing a failsafe mechanism that prevents the proliferation of cells at risk of neoplastic transformation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Senescence, a process by which cells enter an irreversible growth arrest state, is activated by many stimuli, including telomere attrition, aberrant oncogenic signaling, DNA damage or oxidative stress. (umassmed.edu)
  • Dr. Fei and her team members also showed two faces of aberrant FA signaling, not only losing the tumor suppressor activities performed by the activated form of FANCD2, but also the inactivated form of FANCD2 gains new properties of up-regulating ΔNp63 - an oncogenic factor. (uhcancercenter.org)
  • Of note, the reprogramming of cellular metabolism and the aberrant redox status have been heralded as major emerging hallmarks of neoplastic transformation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Some T cells, latently infected with oncogenic Marek disease virus strains, undergo neoplastic transformation. (folusn.online)
  • However, this approach requires prior in-depth understanding of the mechanisms by which lymphoid cells undergo neoplastic initiation and progression. (univ-mrs.fr)
  • Furthermore, recent findings showed the intriguing effects of microbiota in cancer susceptibility, neoplastic progression, co-infections with carcinogenic agents, and response to therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During tumor development or progression, cell outgrowth generates many stresses that can activate p53 to eliminate the stressed out cells. (uhcancercenter.org)
  • A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
  • Nevertheless, it is believed that the micro-environment that surrounds the tumour ( tumour micro-environment or TME ) may also have an important role in the fate of tumour cells, acting on the cellular progression or regression. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • Interaction between TANs and TAMs enhanced the proliferation and invasion abilities of ICC cells in vitro and tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model of ICC. (bmj.com)
  • 1 2 Immune cells can produce an antitumor immune response and directly kill malignant cells, but they can also be recruited and retrained by tumor cells to facilitate tumor growth and progression. (bmj.com)
  • 1 6 In addition, there is increasing evidence that tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) support tumorigenesis by promoting oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. (bmj.com)
  • The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
  • Elevated cell-surface expression of truncated carbohydrate structures such as Tn antigen (GalNAcα-Ser/Thr) is frequently observed during tumor progression. (oncotarget.com)
  • In oncogenic polyomaviruses, the tumor antigens are responsible for the transformation activity, although the exact molecular mechanisms vary from one virus to another. (wikipedia.org)
  • Somatic cell genetic approaches in murine macrophage cell lines to mechanisms of growth inhibition, the oxidative burst, and expression of the chronic granulomatous disease gene. (grantome.com)
  • Transformation assay of established cell lines : mechanisms and application, proceedings of a workshop organized by IARC in collaboration with the US National Cancer Institute and the US Environmental Protection Agency, held in Lyon, 15-17 February 1984 / editors, T. Kakunaga, H. Yamasaki. (who.int)
  • These additional criteria include identification of the virus, means of transmission and oncogenic mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we identify TBC1D15-mediated oncogenic mechanisms and tested the tumorigenic roles of TBC1D15 in vivo. (nature.com)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • Persistent infection with oncogenic HPV types can cause cervical cancer in women as well as other anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers in women and men. (cdc.gov)
  • HPV is present in cervical cancer, where it expresses the oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 that inactivate the host regulatory proteins p53 and RB, respectively. (sv40.org)
  • The primary function of mitochondria is to support the TCA cycle and aerobic respiration by oxidative phosphorylation, generating ATP through the mitochondrial respiratory chain to fulfill the energy needs for cell survival. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • STag is known to interact with host cell proteins, most notably protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and may activate the expression of cellular proteins associated with the cell cycle transition to S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In SV40, STag has a similar role in cellular transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular senescence, characterized by stable cell cycle arrest, plays an important role in aging and age-associated pathologies. (bvsalud.org)
  • this limitation has been overcome via ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, to produce large quantities of these cells as an attractive source for cellular transplantation [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Their development is a complex multistep process of genetic alterations and cellular transformations, which can take decades to progress into invasive and metastatic tumor. (univ-mrs.fr)
  • Usually, a cell has hundreds or thousands of mitochondria, which can occupy up to 25% of the cellular cytoplasm. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • These two pools of proteins are required to maintain mitochondria as a cellular power hub and a signaling nexus that are essential for normal cell function. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Tumours are characterised by a series of genetic anomalies with a proliferative potential that leads to cellular transformation . (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • In tumour cells, NF-kB activates the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (for example, c-IAP, BCL2, c-FLIP) and of genes that regulate cellular proliferation (for example, Cyclin, c-Myc). (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • In tumour cells, STAT3 stimulates cellular survival and proliferation, whilst in the macrophages its persistent activation leads to immune suppression. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown (\"X\") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • One of the key cellular components with functional roles in both innate and adaptive arms of the immune response are Langerhans cells (LCs) (2). (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • The process involves numerous molecular and cellular changes that turn normal cells into plastic cells. (matjournals.co.in)
  • Numerous molecular and cellular events causing the transformation of normal cells into neoplastic cells occur in the process. (matjournals.co.in)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Identification of novel exposure and lung cancer gene markers in carbon nanotube -exposed human lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Our previous study found that chronic in vitro exposure to dispersed single (D-SWCNT) and multi wall CNT (D-MWCNT) resulted in neoplastic transformation in human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC). (cdc.gov)
  • Normal human prostate epithelial cells can be immortalised by experimental exposure to HPVs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In appendix, dispersed epithelial cells in the basal parts of the crypts must show a weak to moderate nuclear staining reaction, while the luminal epithelial cells must be negative. (nordiqc.org)
  • Moreover, a positive correlation between induction of BRAF V600E and MGL binding to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract was found in vivo using an inducible BRAF V600E mouse model. (oncotarget.com)
  • Suppression of SHARP1 induces robust apoptosis of human MLL-AF6 AML cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • None with the examined cell lines, i. e. the UHCV, UNS4B and UNS5A cell lines exerted a substantial stimulatory or inhibitory effect on both apoptosis path way. (mi-rna.com)
  • In contrast, the UC cell line enhanced the TRAIL and anti CD95 mediated apoptosis as evidenced by a rise of cell death linked functions studied in numerous check systems. (mi-rna.com)
  • We reported that silence of lncRNA GAS5 attenuated hypoxia-triggered cell death, as cell viability was increased and apoptosis rate was decreased. (molcells.org)
  • Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
  • Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)
  • Some lncRNAs affect the growth and development of breast cancer by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, and others are involved in invasion and metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process in which a normal cell acquires changes in a number of critical cancer causing genes. (umassmed.edu)
  • Using these 'senescence' mouse models, combined with different tumorigenesis models (for instance, p53 knockout, B cell lymphoma, skin cancer, colon cancer and liver cancer models), we hope to gain a better understanding of the regulation and contribution of senescence in tumor development. (umassmed.edu)
  • PyV-induced tumorigenesis in laboratory animals, by simian virus 40 (SV40) or by multiple human PyVs, such as JC virus (JCV), is used extensively as a cell transformation model. (cdc.gov)
  • The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) regulates differentiation, survival, proliferation and transformation of hematopoietic cells. (nature.com)
  • 3 STAT5 regulated signaling controls important functions of innate and acquired immunity, hematopoiesis, and also growth and survival of many cell types in different organs responding to extracellular cytokines. (nature.com)
  • All known oncogenic pathogens can promote cell survival and transformation because of their common abilities to cause chronic insults, genetic and epigenetic alterations, deregulated metabolic pathways, and immune escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistically, SHARP1 binds to transcriptionally active chromatin across the genome and activates genes critical for cell survival as well as key oncogenic targets of MLL-AF6. (ox.ac.uk)
  • P53 is the strongest predictor of survival in high-risk primary breast cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell support. (nordiqc.org)
  • Oncogenic expression of PBF in endocrine cancers would thus confer a survival and proliferative advantage following DNA damage, facilitating neoplastic growth and tumourigenesis. (unife.it)
  • Certain inflammatory cytokines and other mediators increase the survival of tumour cells, the motility and invasiveness, also encouraging the angiogenic capacity, which is crucial for allowing oxygen, nutrients and growth factors to reach tumour cellsix x. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • Additionally there was powerful vimentin staining of stromal cells amongst the malignant crypts as well as occasional stromal cells staining for desmin only. (mi-rna.com)
  • Discussion Proteomic determination of factors expressed by tumor cells and host stromal cells, either inherently or because of tumor additional info host interactions, has been shown to become helpful in elucidating molecular pathways of tumor development, invasion and metastasis. (mi-rna.com)
  • Tumour-related inflammation is mainly triggered by innate immunity cells (especially macrophages ), which are present in large quantities in the tumour micro-environment, but it is also maintained by stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, by blood vessel cells or by the same tumour cellsvii. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • In other polyomaviruses, such as Merkel cell polyomavirus, which causes Merkel cell carcinoma in humans, STag appears to be important for replication and to be an oncoprotein in its own right. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among oncogenic viruses are those in the Polyomaviridae family, whose members infect an array of vertebrate species, including birds, humans, nonhuman primates, bovids, rodents, and sea lions ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast, infection fector cells or from blockage of intra- of action associated with oncogenic with certain pathogens, such as hu- cel ular pathways essential for anti- viruses, may escape immune sur- man immunodeficiency virus type 1 gen recognition or of other elements veillance in immunosuppressed indi- (HIV-1) or malaria parasites, is per- of the immune response. (who.int)
  • The correlations which exist between cancer and inflammation have been documented since 1863, when Virchow observed that tumour tissue is often surrounded by inflammatory cells which are discovered in the analysis of bioptic samplesi. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • Different soluble inflammatory mediators, either produced by macrophages or by tumour cells, act as growth factors that directly stimulate the proliferation of tumour cells and increase their resistance to apoptotic stimuli. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8) and reactive enzymes (for example, COX-2), which further stimulate the inflammatory response, thus amplifying the recruitment of new inflammatory cells in the tumour. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
  • HPV is present in the tumour cells. (sv40.org)
  • Potential y neoplastic cel s that of the effect increases with increasing tem to respond effectively to foreign arise natural y, or that have been dose or continuing exposure - and is antigens, including surface antigens transformed by carcinogens acting usually transient: immune function on tumour cells. (who.int)
  • A) Lymphomas found in Smurf2-deficient mice have the characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and enhanced cell proliferation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Consistent with this notion, we have found that Smurf2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit delayed senescence entry and enhanced potential to become immortalized in culture, while Smurf2-deficient mice show increased susceptibility to various types of cancer, including B-cell lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, adenocarcinoma in small intestine and soft tissue sarcoma. (umassmed.edu)
  • WSX1 act as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating neoplastic PD-L1 expression. (addgene.org)
  • Choline kinase alpha (ChoKalpha) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of phospholipids recently found to play a relevant role in the regulation of cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and human carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Proliferative phase, involving nonproductively infected lymphoid cells that may or may not progress to the point of lymphoma formation. (folusn.online)
  • These transformed cells, provided they escape the immune system of the host, may multiply to form characteristic lymphoid neoplasms. (folusn.online)
  • Although human HSCs as vehicles to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been used to treat patients with early onset MLD in a phase I/II trial, the HSCs give rise to all different blood cell lineages, such as the myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Lymphoid neoplasms are cancers of the immune system, which afflict both adults and children, and account for 6-10% of all neoplastic diseases. (univ-mrs.fr)
  • For studies of the role of NK cells in vivo, we will examine primary mouse and human tumors and metastases from the same individual for susceptibility to NK cells in both beige mice and nude mice immunosuppressed for NK activity and will characterize mechanism of resistance to the growth tumors and metastases by adoptive transfers with defined lymphocyte subpopulations. (grantome.com)
  • p53 binding decreases its control with cell proliferation and increases genetic instability, leading to neoplastic transformation. (nordiqc.org)
  • For example, these genetic modifications may lead to the triggering of various types of oncogenes, to mutation, to rearrangement or to chromosomal amplification, or they may make oncosuppressor genes inactive, which initiate an inflammatory process inside the neoplastic cell. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • Genetic alterations of BCL2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2), MYC [v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)] and CCND1 (cyclin D1) are the most frequently found alterations in human B-cell lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
  • Normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis : proceedings of the UCLA Symposium held at Steamboat Springs, Colorado, March 27-April 1, 1983 / editors, David W. Golde, Paul A. Marks. (who.int)
  • No antigens are expressed, but virus can be recovered from such lymphocytes by cocultivation with susceptible cells in tissue cultures. (folusn.online)
  • Gp120 binds to cells expressing CD4 cell-surface antigens, most notably T4-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. (lookformedical.com)
  • The N-terminal part of gp41 is thought to be involved in CELL FUSION with the CD4 ANTIGENS of T4 LYMPHOCYTES, leading to syncytial formation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Six human viruses, including high-risk alpha human papillomaviruses (HPV), hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV-8), have been classified as class 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For studies of the nature of target cell recognition we will use target cells infected by a variety of viruses and viral mutants, and target cells transformed with fragments of oncogenic viral DNA to establish the relationship between events in neoplastic transformation and recognition by NK cells. (grantome.com)
  • We are interested in whether age-dependent accumulation of senescent cells leads to alterations in tissue microenvironment that is favorable for oncogenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • There is evidence that inflammatory mediators such as cytokines , reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to epigenetic alterations in pre-cancerous cells, cause the silencing of onco-suppressor genes and the inhibition of DNA repairing mechanismsviii. (fondazionebuzziunicem.org)
  • 7 Importantly, it is believed that other hitherto unknown genes also play important roles in lymphomagenesis in addition to the synergistic effects of the aforementioned two oncogenes since human B-cell lymphomas often show a variety of genes subject to alterations and/or deregulated expression. (haematologica.org)
  • Because polyomavirus genome replication relies on the DNA replication machinery of the host cell, the cell must be in S phase (the part of the cell cycle in which the host cell's genome is normally replicated) in order to provide the necessary molecular machinery for viral DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using differential microarray analysis, we identify target genes that provide the basis for the understanding of the molecular mechanism for the regulation of cell proliferation and transformation mediated by over-expression of the human ChoKalpha. (nih.gov)
  • The molecular basis to understand the connection between phospholipids metabolism and cell cycle regulation through choline kinase is reported. (nih.gov)
  • Analysis of p53 in dysplastic and neoplastic states is a powerful tool to provide molecular information on the oncogenic process. (nordiqc.org)
  • Murakami I, Gogusev J, Fournet JC, Glorion C, Jaubert F. Detection of molecular cytogenetic aberrations in langerhans cell histiocytosis of bone. (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • Even though we didn't observe the release of cytochrome c during the Tet off UC cell line an interaction of the core protein with other molecules from the apoptotic machinery localized in the mitochondrial membranes might come about. (mi-rna.com)
  • Viral proteins therefore promote dysregulation of the cell cycle and entry into S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our recent studies as well as others indicate that senescent cells change their secretory patterns of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and proteases. (umassmed.edu)
  • 18 Both enzymes, OGT and OGA as well as multiple O-GlcNAcylated proteins are enriched at sites of active transcription in human cells. (nature.com)
  • In aged mice, the self-renewal capacity of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) diminishes. (umassmed.edu)
  • Bone marrow stem cells, including the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are being considered as potential targets for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • Precisely how mutant TET2 contributes to AITL oncogenesis is unclear, but experimental data has shown that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are particularly vulnerable to disruption of TET2 function resulting in increased self-renewal capacity and altered terminal differentiation [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • FLT3 ITD triggers the proliferation of the quiescent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool but fails to directly transform HSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is present in the majority of squamous cell cancers of the anus. (researchgate.net)
  • PBF is a multifunctional proto-oncogene which is overexpressed in thyroid, pituitary and breast cancers, with roles in cell transformation, invasion and transporter regulation. (unife.it)
  • High-risk types (e.g., types 16 and 18) can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high-grade cervical cell abnormalities that are precursors to cancer, and cancers ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Our ongoing studies have found that LT-HSC population, which give rise to all lineages of blood cells, increases in Smurf2-deficient mice, suggesting a beneficial effect of Smurf2 deficiency. (umassmed.edu)
  • Our data show that O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 is an important process that contributes to oncogenic transcription through enhanced STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and oligomerization driving myeloid transformation. (nature.com)
  • Emerging evidence suggests that immune responses primed to guard against commensal microbes may cause unexpected pathological outcomes, e.g., chronic inflammation and/or malignant transformation. (frontiersin.org)
  • We present in this review immune response patterns to pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic microbes and how these immune-recognition profiles affect local immune responses or malignant transformation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although overt inflammatory responses play a major role in malignant transformation of host cells following an infection, it is a disbalanced immune responses, which contribute to drive malignant transformation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent data suggest that oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) present a greater percentage of malignant transformation than oral lichen planus (OLP). (ecancer.org)
  • Recent data suggest that OLR present a greater percentage of malignant transformation than OLP and, although the association between cancer and OLP has been documented in scientific reports, there is no association between squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous lichen planus [ 4 - 6 ]. (ecancer.org)
  • Upon cytokine stimulation, STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation (pYSTAT5) is transient, while in diverse neoplastic cells persistent overexpression and enhanced pYSTAT5 are frequently found. (nature.com)
  • The role of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in malignant and benign lesions such as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) and oral mucocele lesions has not been established. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p53 may be helpful in differentiating between certain reactive and neoplastic lesions, e.g., reactive urothelial changes (patchy and weak) v. urothelial neoplasia (~60% pos. (nordiqc.org)
  • The increased expression of COX-2 has been reported in pre-cancerous lesions, in several forms of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma and in OLP [ 7 ]. (ecancer.org)
  • Mutated p53 shows impaired DNA-binding and, consequently, release from cell cycle checkpoint control following DNA damage, thereby increasing genomic instability and promoting gene amplification. (nordiqc.org)
  • The present work demonstrates that transformation by the oncogenic human DNA virus, human papilloma virus 16(HPV16), also reduces GJIC between L6 rat myoblasts. (canada.ca)
  • Where appropriate we will attempt to develop continuous murine and human NK cell lines of vrious NK phenotypes, study their regulation by IFN and IL-2, and attempt to delineate which subsets produce interferon and the pathways of differentiation as determined by cell surface markers. (grantome.com)
  • Normal (wild type - WT) p53 is accumulated in damages cells, e.g., in virus infections, where the protein is bound (e.g., to protein E6 of human papilloma virus) and prevented from break down. (nordiqc.org)
  • For instance, H19 is the first lncRNA transcribed by RNA polymerase II and is expressed mainly in human embryonic cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Background A synergistic effect resulting from a combination of BCL2 and MYC or MYC and CCND1 has been implicated in human B-cell lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
  • These genes are transcriptionally deregulated as the partner genes of IgH translocation, and are thus thought to perform crucial roles in human B-cell lymphomagenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • 2 A synergistic effect resulting from a combination of two genes from BCL2 , MYC and CCND1 has been implicated in human B-cell lymphomagenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • The objective of this study was to identify additional cooperative gene(s) associated with BCL2 and MYC or MYC and CCND1 in human B-cell lymphomagenesis. (haematologica.org)
  • Importantly, human B-cell lymphoma cases with concurrent multiple translocations including BCL2 , MYC and CCND1 have been reported. (haematologica.org)
  • Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma. (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • SV40 is a powerful carcinogen that, in vitro , transforms human mesothelial cells. (sv40.org)
  • SV40 also expresses the oncogenic protein T Ag in human mesotheliomas, which inactivates p53 and RB. (sv40.org)
  • The potential for DNA damage and the activation of specific oncogenic pathways that cause inflammation are present in a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological variables that are constantly present in human beings. (matjournals.co.in)
  • We have previously demonstrated that the C-type lectin macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL), expressed by human antigen presenting cells, can distinguish healthy tissue from CRC through its specific recognition of Tn antigen. (oncotarget.com)
  • This technologic and biologic revolution continued through the 1960s to today, and the explosion in technology has fueled the current expansion of knowledge into the working of the human cell. (medscape.com)
  • The regulatory role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest-specific transcript 5 ( GAS5 ) in both cancerous and noncancerous cells have been widely reported. (molcells.org)
  • More interestingly, the protective actions of lncRNA GAS5 silence on hypoxia-stimulated cells were attenuated by miR-142-5p suppression. (molcells.org)
  • Collectively, this study demonstrated that silence of lncRNA GAS5 protected H9c2 cells against hypoxia-induced injury possibly via sponging miR-142-5p , functionally releasing TP53INP1 mRNA transcripts that are normally targeted by miR-142-5p . (molcells.org)
  • 2017). Since the importance of lncRNA GAS5 in cancer has been well-established, several researchers focused on investigating the role of lncRNA GAS5 in noncancerous cells. (molcells.org)
  • Productive infection may occur transiently in B lymphocytes within a few days after infection with virulent Marek disease virus strains and is characterized by antigen production, which leads to cell death. (folusn.online)
  • Latent infection of activated T cells is responsible for the longterm carrier state. (folusn.online)
  • and ultimately their functional role of resistance to virus infection and tumor cells in vivo. (grantome.com)
  • Thus, although PyV-induced oncogenesis in laboratory animals has been a prolific model for the study of the cell cycle and cell transformation, natural infections rarely result in tumor formation, so the steps in cell transformation after natural infection are being revealed more slowly. (cdc.gov)
  • Sakata N, Toguchi N, Kimura M, Nakayama M, Kawa K, Takemura T. Development of Langerhans cell histiocytosis associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • A single H/ACA small nucleolar RNA mediates tumor suppression downstream of oncogenic RAS. (addgene.org)
  • In HeLa cells, PBF significantly attenuated the ATR-mediated phosphorylation of downstream DNA repair targets Chk1 and RPA32 in response to u.v. treatment. (unife.it)
  • These are believed to bind zinc in the SV40 STag and confer improved protein stability, but in Merkel cell polyomavirus STag, they have been reported to bind iron-sulfur clusters. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Merkel cell polyomavirus, it appears to play a significant role in oncogenesis, a function performed primarily by LTag in other polyomaviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • SV40 and murine polyomavirus STags appear to have a role in promoting host cell expression of genes under the control of certain types of promoters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent advances have been made by an accumulation of studies on Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), which is highly associated and integrated in most Merkel cell carcinomas ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is one of the most common subtypes of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is considered to be the lineage defining transcription factor for T follicular helper cells (T FH ) [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • About 4% of cases of diffuse large B-cell cell lymphoma possess BCL2/MYC double translocations, suggesting a synergistic effect of BCL2 and MYC in lymphoma development. (haematologica.org)
  • 3 - 7 The synergistic effect of BCL2 and MYC has also been implicated in the histological and clinical transformation of indolent follicular lymphoma into a more aggressive lymphoma. (haematologica.org)
  • 8 - 12 Cases of CCND1/MYC double translocation are relatively frequent in mantle cell lymphoma. (haematologica.org)
  • He received postdoctoral training at Stanford University School of Medicine, and joined the faculty in the Department of Cell Biology at University of Massachusetts Medical School in 2006. (umassmed.edu)
  • Proviruses are often associated with neoplastic cell transformation and are key features of retrovirus biology. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. (jcancer.org)
  • In addition, they found that two versions of the center protein of the FA signaling, FANCD2, can be a game changer for neoplastic transformation. (uhcancercenter.org)
  • ADXS11-001 immunotherapy is a live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) bioengineered to secrete an HPV-16-E7 fusion protein targeting HPV-transformed cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Two biochemical processes, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation drive cell cycle control. (benthamscience.com)
  • The p53 (phospho-)protein (p53), 53 kDa, is expressed in the nuclei of all normal cells, but usually not immunohistochemically detectable due to a very short half-life (10-20 min. (nordiqc.org)
  • The multifunctional nuclear protein large T-antigen was detectable by immunohistochemical analyses in a subset of neoplastic cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell-fate-determinant molecule NUMB-interacting protein (TBC1D15) is overexpressed and contributes to p53 degradation in TICs. (nature.com)
  • The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SHARP1 is an oncogenic driver in MLL-AF6 acute myelogenous leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2 ( NFAT2 , NFATC1 ) is overexpressed in AML, it is unknown whether it plays a role in FLT3 ITD -induced HSC transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a poor prognosis and is one of the deadliest gastrointestinal malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • However, cell proliferation is critical for renewal, repair and regeneration to maintain normal tissue homeostasis and functions. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, obtaining primary neuronal cells from adult tissue is difficult and faces major ethical issues in clinical practice. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, translocation of immune cells from one anatomical compartment to another, i.e., the gut-lung axis via the lymphatics or blood has been identified as an important factor in perpetrating systemic inflammation, tissue destruction, as well as modulating host-protective immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, the local immunological milieu in tissue compartments forms the nature and magnitude of the host responses, i.e., frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) vs. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, extent of neutrophilia and antigen-presenting-cell (APC) activation, among others. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the contrary, LCH is a reactive disorder with underlying neoplastic potential. (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 could be required for nutrient sensing and metabolism of cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • 16 Cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of O-GlcNAc, possibly to adjust to stringent metabolic demands and O-GlcNAcylation is a key metabolic regulator of glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
  • These studies have established her as a top expert in the field of FA signaling research, as seen in the two invited reviews from Cell Press Journals, Trend in Cancer (TIC) and Trend in Genetics (TIG). (uhcancercenter.org)
  • Ectopic expression of UASR1 promoted proliferation and clonogenic growth of breast cancer cells MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. (jcancer.org)
  • Metformin (MTF) has been reported to target NLK (Nemo-like kinase) to inhibit non-small lung cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment play important roles in cancer development. (bmj.com)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
  • In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • From the abstract: 'Multicancer early detection (MCED) blood tests can detect a cancer signal from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). (cdc.gov)
  • Marked p53 accumulation (at least 20-50% of the cells stained) largely reflects an underlying mutation. (nordiqc.org)
  • Indeed, the potent pathotropic migratory properties of BMSCs and ability to circumvent both the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic cells and many of the moral reasons associated with embryonic stem cell use suggest that BMSCs are most promising stem cells as a potential target for the clinical use of genetically engineered stem cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Previous work on this grant indicated that natural killer (NK) cells are heterogeneous and have a potentially important role to play in mediating rejection of virus infected cells and restricting metastases of tumor cells. (grantome.com)
  • Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)
  • The mouse models we have generated to modulate senescence response in vivo are also used in our studies of senescence regulation in aging, with an emphasis on adult stem cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • Design and Methods Growth in culture, colony formation and oncogenicity in vivo were assessed in mouse primary B cells exogenously expressing various combinations of Bcl2 , Myc and Ccnd1 . (haematologica.org)
  • 107] demonstrated that IL-1 production and signaling from the IL-1 receptor are necessary components of Raf-induced transformation of NIH 3 T3 cells, which exclude other factors involvement in the vivo model [85]. (mayabouchenaki.com)
  • Duplex DNA sequences in eukaryotic chromosomes, corresponding to the genome of a virus, that are transmitted from one cell generation to the next without causing lysis of the host. (nih.gov)
  • In some polyomaviruses - such as the well-studied SV40, which natively infects monkeys - STag is unable to induce neoplastic transformation in the host cell on its own, but its presence may increase the transforming efficiency of LTag. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • In vitro studies using CRC cell lines showed an association between MGL ligand expression and the presence of BRAF V600E . (oncotarget.com)
  • Our findings demonstrate the unique oncogenic role for SHARP1 in MLL-AF6 AML. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The oncogenic role of TLR4 activated by endotoxin has been confirmed by others in a different liver tumor model 10 . (nature.com)