Oncogene gene cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cancer genetics, DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle My current research is focused on two transcription factors that respond to DNA damage and play important roles in regulating tumor development. (mdanderson.org)
The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
Loss of cell division cycle‑associated 5 promotes cell apoptosis by activating DNA damage response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Silencing oncogene cell division cycle associated 5 induces apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of non-small cell lung cancer cells via p53-p21 signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
Downregulation of CDCA5 Can Inhibit Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion, and Induce Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells. (nih.gov)
Cells differentiating into neuroectoderm undergo apoptosis in the absence of functional retinoblastoma family proteins. (mcmaster.ca)
The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)
Every cell in the human body goes through a natural process that includes apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (mentalhelp.net)
Apoptosis eliminates old, damaged, and unnecessary cells. (mentalhelp.net)
(5) If apoptosis doesn't occur as scheduled, the cells may start growing out of control. (mentalhelp.net)
We found that, in the erythropoietin-induced, CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation system, knockdown of p19 INK4d delays terminal erythroid differentiation, inhibits erythroblast growth due to increased apoptosis, and leads to the generation of abnormally nucleated late-stage erythroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
miRNA-149 was underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, while overexpression of miRNA-149 promoted cell apoptosis, retarded cell cycle, and inhibited proliferation and migration in AGS and MKN28 cells. (hindawi.com)
p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)

Unexpectedly, we found that their depletion in primary human lung fibroblasts failed to induce cell cycle arrest but strongly suppressed cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)
We show that the effects on cell cycle progression stemmed from reduced ribosome content and translational capacity, which suppressed the accumulation of cyclins at the translational level. (nih.gov)
GTF2IRD1 overexpression promotes tumor progression and correlates with less CD8+ T cells infiltration in pancreatic cancer. (nih.gov)
T he presence and activity of various proteins are required in the cell cycle progression. (ukessays.com)
Mutations of p53 tumor suppressor gene increase with tumor progression in colorectal cancers. (nih.gov)
These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
One potential mechanism of BRCA2 involvement in breast cancer progression may be through deregulation of the BRCA2 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Normally, cyclin interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) to form a cyclin-CDK complex, which promotes cell cycle progression, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) molecules inhibit the formation of cyclin-CDK complex, arresting cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, CAFs promote cancer progression and act in cancer cell drug resistance. (spandidos-publications.com)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)

Thus, unlike other tumor suppressors, RPL5/RPL11 play an essential role in normal cell proliferation, a function cells have evolved to rely on in lieu of a cell cycle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
MicroRNAs control the levels of numerous cell cycle regulators that controls cell proliferation. (ukessays.com)
Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process that arrests the proliferation of cells that are at risk of neoplastic transformation. (nature.com)
The polycomb-group protein EZH2 is a Lys27 histone H3 methyltransferase that regulates the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation by epigenetically silencing muscle-specific genes. (figshare.com)
Likewise, they have the ability to activate the angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the main cell types involved in skin regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
Cul4a targets p27 for degradation and regulates proliferation, cell cycle exit, and differentiation during erythropoiesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein induces p19(ink4d) expression and inhibits the proliferation of h1299 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
P19ink4d is a tumor suppressor and controls pituitary anterior lobe cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
It possesses a unique forkhead domain combined with a fragment of the target gene to initiate transcription [ 10 ] and regulates various biological processes such as tumor cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
CAFs provide cancer cells with nutrition and promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cells ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
CONCLUSION: In short, our results revealed that silencing PAFAH1B3 could hinder the capabilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion of PTC cells. (bvsalud.org)
Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Загальні відомості про злоякісні новоутворення Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Furthermore, we used this assay to determine the effects of BRCA1 variants on cell cycle regulation, differentiation, and genomic stability. (jci.org)
Let-7 Let-7 has an essential role in cell cycle and the differentiation of cell cycle terminals. (ukessays.com)
We previously reported that EZH2 inhibition induces cell cycle arrest followed by myogenic differentiation of RMS cells of the embryonal subtype (eRMS). (figshare.com)
Sequential rounds of division and differentiation give rise to an enormous amplification of cell numbers, necessary for the production of mature blood cells. (justia.com)
This process of division and differentiation is subject to regulation at many levels to control cell production. (justia.com)
and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
therefore, definitive differentiation of Hürthle cell carcinoma from Hürthle-cell adenoma is based on vascular invasion and/or capsular invasion, as well as on permanent histologic sections or extrathyroidal tumor spread and lymph node and systemic metastases. (medscape.com)
Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)

1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)

This gene plays a role in craniofacial and cognitive development and mutations have been associated with Williams-Beuren syndrome, a multisystem developmental disorder caused by deletion of multiple genes at 7q11.23. (nih.gov)
Genetic testing for deleterious mutations in breast cancer 1, early onset gene ( BRCA1 ) and BRCA2 can provide key information to guide clinical decision making. (jci.org)
Women who are heterozygous carriers of mutations in either gene have a 60%-80% lifetime risk of breast cancer and a 10%-40% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer ( 1 ), reflecting a very high penetrance. (jci.org)
For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
References 2 and 3 describe the characteristics of cancer cells and the importance of mutations in cancer development. (nature.com)
In addition, intrinsic differences in subclonal tumor cells that arise from random mutations can create distinct niches within limited lesions. (spandidos-publications.com)
In primary tumors, mutations in driver genes frequently provide a survival advantage and give rise to a dominant clonal population. (spandidos-publications.com)
The mutations of BRCA2 gene predispose the cells towards neoplastic development. (biomedcentral.com)
(6) Therefore, the main cause of cancer is genetic mutations that interfere with the normal cell cycle. (mentalhelp.net)
Mutations in these genes may cause chromosomal changes that lead to cancer. (mentalhelp.net)
Mutations that activate the oncogene K-ras or interfere with the tumor suppressors p53 and Arf are common in human NSCLCs. (eurekalert.org)

Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity has a significant impact on both the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of various immune cells within tumors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ( 5 ), myeloid antigen-presenting cells ( 6 ) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
As the cells continue dividing, they may form cancerous tumors, which have the potential to invade other organs. (mentalhelp.net)
Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body, forming new tumors. (mentalhelp.net)
miR-149 is a type of miRNA, which can regulate the biological functions of tumors by targeting multiple genes, such as TGF- β 2, GIT1, and HDAC4 [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mice lacking the gene for Dmp1 commonly develop lung tumors, and Dmp1 has been identified as a regulator of the Arf-p53 pathway in vitro. (eurekalert.org)
Generally, the occurrence and further development of tumors are caused by multiple gene abnormalities, so it is difficult for a single gene to accurately reflect the tumor characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of two members of the ETS (E26 avian leukemia oncogene) family of transcription factors, ETS-1 and ETS-2, has been investigated in many cancers but has not yet been studied in ocular tumors. (molvis.org)
Although Hürthle cell carcinoma was previously considered a variant of follicular cell neoplasms, which are generally less aggressive, the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumors reclassified it as a distinct entity. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] The 2022 WHO classification of endocrine tumors has replaced the term Hürthle cell carcinoma with oncocytic carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Overall, only about 33% of Hürthle cell tumors demonstrate signs of that invasive growth that indicates malignancy and the possibility of metastasis. (medscape.com)
On balance, Hürthle cell tumors may be considered to be more likely to metastasize than follicular tumors. (medscape.com)
Permissive histologic interpretation may result in the designation of some non-neoplastic Hürthle cell lesions as malignant tumors. (medscape.com)
Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)

The p53 protein regulates the mdm2 gene at the level of transcription by an intronic promoter. (aacrjournals.org)
This creates a feedback loop that regulates both the activity of p53 protein and the expression of the mdm2 gene (2, 3) . (aacrjournals.org)

The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)

An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
Serine protease 27 (PRSS27) has been recently defined as a possible driver gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)

Staining them with a special dye made the cells' chromosomes more visible. (laskerfoundation.org)
Nowell collaborated with the late David Hungerford who, he says, "knew more about chromosomes than I did," and together they made the startling observation that individuals suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) had an abnormally small chromosome in the tumor cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
I came to realize that there were many questions about chromosome changes in patients that would be rewarding to study," noted Rowley, and for the next decade she labored over the microscope looking at chromosomes in leukemic cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
The ends of chromosomes shorten at each round of cell division, and this process is thought to be affected by occupational exposures. (cdc.gov)

Besides cancer, some miRNAs genes cause or contribute in many inherited and genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
As miRNAs proposed to control the expression up to one third of all genes and possibly utilised as diagnostic and prognostic marker for many genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
The evolving concept of the gene, of genetic interactions and gene networks, as well as chromosome mechanics will be the focus of the course. (princeton.edu)
Analysis and genetic manipulation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. (epfl.ch)
At a time when the idea that cancer had a genetic basis was widely disbelieved, Nowell's results provided the first clear evidence that a particular genetic defect in a single chromosome can lead to a population or clone of identical cells that accumulate in numbers to form a deadly malignancy. (laskerfoundation.org)
As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by significant genetic heterogeneity among tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Tumor cells are influenced by both genetic factors and environmental elements in the microenvironment, resulting in a complex regulation process ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Multiregional whole-exome or genome sequencing has revealed that there is significant variation in the genetic makeup of tumor cells across different anatomical locations and within the same tumor over time ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
It has been discovered that the genetic structure of tumor cells and the components of the immune microenvironment interact with each other. (spandidos-publications.com)
We also show that miR-101 is up-regulated in eRMS cells following both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2. (figshare.com)
Genetic alterations were used to propose a new molecular classification for cutaneous melanomas, based upon differentially expressed proteins and genes such as B-RAF, K-RAS, cyclin D1 e CDKN2A. (fapesp.br)
In a candidate gene study aiming at identifying genetic determinants of breast cancer susceptibility, we undertook the full sequencing of the NBN gene in our cohort of 97 high-risk non- BRCA1 and - BRCA2 breast cancer families, along with 74 healthy unrelated controls, also from the French Canadian population. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
It is widely recognized that the accumulation of various harmful genetic alterations in normal cells may induce malignant cancer cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Genetic alterations include genetic mutation, gene copy number variation (CNV), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), allelic imbalance (AI) and microsatellite instability (MSI). (spandidos-publications.com)
Non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are the most common type of lung cancer, and scientists have identified distinct patterns of genetic alterations that are associated with this malignancy. (eurekalert.org)
When the genetic information containing the "blueprint" for these substances is disrupted, cell homeostasis is disrupted, resulting in a wide-range of immediate and/or delayed toxicological effects. (cdc.gov)
These results suggest that genetic variations in TNF, TGFB1, PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes contribute to DA susceptibility. (cdc.gov)

Sequence analysis of these genes is being used to identify BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, though these efforts are hampered by the high frequency of variants of unknown clinical significance (VUSs). (jci.org)
Individuals carrying a mutation in the breast cancer 1, early onset gene ( BRCA1 ) are at increased risk of breast or ovarian cancer and thus are candidates for risk reduction strategies such as oophorectomy and mastectomy. (jci.org)
6. Identify the mutation status of genes Kras and BRAF in laser microdissected parafin embedded melanomas and epidermal melanocytes adjacent to the lesion. (fapesp.br)
This happens when a person has a mutation in at least one of the genes responsible for controlling cell growth and division. (mentalhelp.net)
(7) It's possible for a mutation to render one of these genes inactive, allowing cells to grow out of control. (mentalhelp.net)
Importantly, Dmp1 overexpression inhibited growth of human lung cancer cells with K-ras mutation and wild-type Arf and p53. (eurekalert.org)

As the number and characteristics of such alleles are undetermined, a focussed candidate gene approach based on genes closely interacting with the known susceptibility genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 , the two major susceptibility genes identified yet, constitutes a study design of choice to identify rare-moderate-penetrance susceptibility alleles. (biomedcentral.com)

To date, inheritance of a mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene is the best-established indicator of an increased risk of developing breast cancer. (jci.org)
These are divided into two group, those miRNAs that are upregulated in cancer which are likely to be acting as oncogenes and those downregulated in cancer which are likely to be acting as tumour suppressors. (ukessays.com)
1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
These 12 genes are located at a region, which is frequently deleted in cancer. (ukessays.com)
Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which makes up only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
Understanding the causes and consequences of cellular senescence has provided novel insights into how cells react to stress, especially genotoxic stress, and how this cellular response can affect complex organismal processes such as the development of cancer and ageing. (nature.com)
The course covers in detail molecular mechanisms of cancer development with emphasis on cell cycle control, genome stability, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. (epfl.ch)
Co-Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells with Mscs Expressing Trail and Iap Inhibitors Reduce Trail Resistance and Production of Trail-Induced Cytokines. (essex.ac.uk)
Nowell, a tumor biologist in the pathology department at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, was interested in the relationship between cancer and alterations in genes (although he had no proof there was one). (laskerfoundation.org)
The tiny Philadelphia chromosome became a clear and consistent marker of CML, a cancer of the myeloid or bone marrow cells, with broad implications for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. (laskerfoundation.org)
Rowley had identified the first "translocation" in cancer, providing clear evidence that the cause of CML could be related to the fact that by moving from one chromosome to another, the aberrant segment of chromosome 22 was no longer sitting next to genes that controlled its behavior. (laskerfoundation.org)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into a subject's peripheral blood by the method of the invention is useful as a source of donor cells in bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including cancer, anemia, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. (justia.com)
While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
The notion could be that unique cellular mechanisms are triggered in the breast cancer cells to stimulate BRCA2 gene expression as a temporary measure to regulate the growth of the breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer is a medical condition characterized by out-of-control cell growth. (mentalhelp.net)
There are three main types of genes involved in the development of cancer. (mentalhelp.net)
8) When a proto-oncogene mutates, it turns into an oncogene, or a gene capable of causing cancer. (mentalhelp.net)
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is a form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
The first-line treatment typically includes chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, which is a combination of medications that destroy the cancer cells. (rarediseases.org)
Following that, patients may be eligible for a stem cell transplant, and/or an extended course of immunotherapy that is meant to prolong cancer remission. (rarediseases.org)
Luciferase reporter gene assay of the promoter construct bearing this variant did not suggest a variation of expression in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, but indicated a reduction of luciferase expression in both the HEK293 and LNCaP cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to his research programs in angiogenesis and breast cancer biology he also directs the Advanced Cancer Biology course in the Molecular Medicine program and participates in clinical conferences for medical students in Cell and Molecular Biology. (umaryland.edu)
qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-149 and FOXC1 in gastric cancer tissues and cells. (hindawi.com)
Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN28 were cultured and transfected with miR-149 overexpression plasmid and its control or FOXC1 siRNA and its control. (hindawi.com)
Several studies have confirmed that miRNA can be used as an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene to regulate the occurrence and development of gastric cancer [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of miR-149 on the biological functions of gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXC1. (hindawi.com)
The human gastric epithelial permanent cell line (GES-1), human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, BGC-823, MKN45, and SGC-7901), and HEK293 cells were provided by the Biomedical Experiment Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University. (hindawi.com)
Dr. Atkins' major research interests are cancer immunotherapy, treatment of melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, predictive markers for response to biologic therapy, and antiangiogenic and targeted therapies. (melanoma.org)
CAFs maintain their phenotype for numerous passages during culture in vitro without exposure to cancer cells, while NFs cannot be infinitely proliferous like cancer cells ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Amazingly, the first human cancer gene was cloned only thirty years ago. (jcancer.org)
The review highlights the discovery of oncogenes and suppressor tumor genes, underlining the crucial role of these achievements in cancer diagnosis and therapies. (jcancer.org)
Cancer theories, oncogenes, genomics. (jcancer.org)
The research, published by Cell Press in the October 2007 issue of Cancer Cell , may lead to development of new drug therapies for lung cancer. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers demonstrated that Dmp1 also showed haploid insufficiency, meaning that cancer developed even when one copy of the gene was present, in samples from lung cancer patients with non-small-cell lung cancers. (eurekalert.org)
Since hDMP1 loss-of-heterozygosity lung cancer cells retain one allele of the hDMP1 locus, this gene might be a promising target for future drug development. (eurekalert.org)
Publishing in Cancer Cell 12, 381-394, October 2007. (eurekalert.org)
The purpose of this study was to use the gene expression data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to develop a multigene model to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
METHODS: Using the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas), the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) dataset, and multiple bioinformatic tools, we investigated the function of PRSS27 in 33 tumor types. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, prognosis analysis of PRSS27 in breast cancer was carried out, as well as in vitro experiments to verify its role as an oncogene. (bvsalud.org)
Our data have provided evidence for a comparable prediction of clinical outcome in CMF-treated breast cancer patients using conventional clinical variables and gene expression based markers. (lu.se)
A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an unusual and relatively rare type of differentiated thyroid cancer. (medscape.com)
Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
A cancer may release cells into the circulation at a very early stage of development. (msdmanuals.com)
Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
L'étude menée en Iraq a utilisé la méthode d'hybridation in situ pour déterminer la fréquence du papillomavirus humain et pour son génotypage dans les échantillons de tissus prélevés auprès de 129 patientes ayant reçu un diagnostic de cancer du sein malin, de 24 patientes porteuses d'une tumeur du sein bénigne et de 20 femmes témoins en bonne santé. (who.int)

Gene expression datasets (GSE121248, GSE40873, GSE62232) were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and adjacent or normal tissues, and then hub genes were screened by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape software. (biomedcentral.com)

The course covers the regulation of gene expression, which translates the information contained in the genome into function, by adjusting the levels and activities of mRNAs and proteins to the needs of specific cells, tissues and environments. (epfl.ch)
Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
This heterogeneity is referred to as 'polymorphism', as tumor cells rapidly undergo mitosis, resulting in the formation of numerous subclones and uncertainty regarding the state of the genome. (spandidos-publications.com)
Approximately 3% of the human genome codes for miRNA sequences, which can suppress gene expression by mediating translational repression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
in one study, 31 genes in breast CAFs, which were identified using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 and an empirical Bayesian model, were different from those in NFs ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

They are known as DNA repair genes. (mentalhelp.net)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. (hindawi.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The present study was designed to analyze the expression of p53 and mdm2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma with special emphasis on their association with tumor grade and clinical outcome. (aacrjournals.org)

EZH2 is often over-expressed in several human cancers acting as an oncogene. (figshare.com)
Lymphomas are cancers that involve white blood cells, and can be divided depending on the type of cell involved, either B-lymphocytes or T-lymphocytes. (rarediseases.org)
Mantle cell lymphoma belongs to a group of diseases known as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, which are related malignancies (cancers) that affect the lymphatic system. (rarediseases.org)
Cancers, in particular haematological malignancies, are common adverse events in patients with NBS, as almost 40% of them develop a malignancy before the age of 21 years, and this correlates with a marked impairment in DSB repair observed in cells from these patients [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
BACKGROUND: To create effective medicines, researchers must first identify the common or unique genes that drive oncogenic processes in human cancers. (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, a tiny piece of chromosome 9, which carried an oncogene, had moved to the breakpoint on chromosome 22. (laskerfoundation.org)
MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
End of the chromosome a) Shorten by how much following cell division? (freezingblue.com)
The TP53 gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p13.1) that encodes the nuclear protein p53, whereas the mdm 2 gene maps to the long arm of chromosome 12(12q13-14) and encodes mdm2 protein (1) . (aacrjournals.org)

Dmp1 is a unique tumor suppressor that activates Arf expression and thus induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. (eurekalert.org)

Zinc finger protein 143 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF143 gene. (wikipedia.org)

These include dysfunctional telomeres, DNA damage, the expression of certain oncogenes, perturbations to chromatin organization and strong mitogenic signals. (nature.com)
Only one case with wild-type p53 gene showed normal level expression of p53 regulatory-factors (p33ING1, p14ARF, and MDM2). (nih.gov)
Results Herein, we report that miR-101 is down-regulated in eRMS patients and in tumor cell lines compared to their controls showing an inverse pattern of expression with EZH2. (figshare.com)
In turn, miR-101 forced expression reduces EZH2 levels as well as restrains the migratory potential of eRMS cells and impairs their clonogenic and anchorage-independent growth capabilities. (figshare.com)
5. Correlate immunohistochemical expression, mRNA e gene amplification or deletion of genes p16, CCDN1 e PTEN. (fapesp.br)
This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
BRCA2 gene expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of BRCA2 gene is silenced at the G0/G1 phase of cell growth and is de-silenced at the S/G2 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)
In the G0/G1 growth phase ZAR2 is predominantly located inside the nucleus of the breast cells, binds to the BRCA2 promoter and inhibits the expression of BRCA2. (biomedcentral.com)
Subcellular location of ZAR2 and its expression from the reverse promoter of the BRCA2 gene are stringently regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
ZAR2 binds to BRCA2/ZAR2 bi-directional promoter in vivo and is responsible, at least in part, for the silencing of BRCA2 gene expression in the G0/G1 phase in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
While BRCA2 expression is involved in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, the mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
miRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression by binding with 3 - UTR of the target gene. (hindawi.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, which are key regulators of gene expression [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
CAFs are different from NFs, and their unique phenotypes and functions are partly determined by differences in gene expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 gene (PTGS2), which encodes cyclooxygenase-2, was found to upregulate the expression of TGF-β2 ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These results are consistent with another study concerning the gene expression profiling of breast CAFs, which were detected using a complementary DNA microarray ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In this study, three raw gene expression profiles (GSE121248, GSE40873, GSE62232) were downloaded from GEO database ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo ) ( 8 ). (biomedcentral.com)
How Reliable Are Gene Expression-Based and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Assessed on a Core-Needle Biopsy? (lu.se)

Proliferating cells can initiate an additional response by adopting a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest that is termed cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Develop a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists, encompassing microscopy, cell structure, cellular membranes, and nucleic acids biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
2021). The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells . (essex.ac.uk)
mdm2 is a cellular proto-oncogene product that inhibits the transcriptional transactivation activity of p53 and therefore acts as a negative regulator for the tumor suppression function of p53. (aacrjournals.org)
[ 2 ] Oncocytic cells in the thyroid are often called Hürthle cells, and oncocytic change is defined as cellular enlargement characterized by an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm as a result of accumulation of altered mitochondria. (medscape.com)
Cellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes (GENES, MOS). (bvsalud.org)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)

These genes were selected based on their role in asthmatic inflammatory processes and History previously reported associations with asthma phenotypes. (cdc.gov)
Of these mediators, cytokines play a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in pro-inflammatory cytokine genes and asthma phenotypes (Che et al. (cdc.gov)

and regulation of cell cycle process. (nih.gov)
1) The regulation of these protein levels is vital for the understanding of the cell cycle control and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
Interestingly, in eight cases with p53 wild-type gene, 6 cases (75%) showed a marked down-regulation of p14ARF mRNA, and three cases (37.5%) over-expressed MDM2 mRNA. (nih.gov)
However, as shown in our study, p19 INK4d played important roles independent of cell cycle regulation, and the lack of cell cycle change was probably due to the compensatory up-regulation of p18 INK4c following p19 INK4d knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings provide greater understanding of the role that CDKIs play in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)

The first miRNA was discovered in 1993 by Lee, Freinbaum and Ambros ( 6 , 7 ), and since then an increasing load of literature data have pointed that they can act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

MCL is a B-cell lymphoma that develops from malignant B-lymphocytes within a region of the lymph node known as the mantle zone. (rarediseases.org)

The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)

I am especially interested in the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this process. (essex.ac.uk)

Human BRCA2 gene promoter is active in both the forward and the reverse orientations. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 gene promoter has bi-directional activity, expressing BRCA2 and a novel C4-type zinc finger containing transcription factor ZAR2. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study we developed a functional assay using mouse ES cells to study variants of BRCA1. (jci.org)
We introduced BAC clones with human wild-type BRCA1 or variants into Brca1-null ES cells and confirmed that only wild-type and a known neutral variant rescued cell lethality. (jci.org)
Our results demonstrate that this ES cell-based assay is a powerful and reliable method for analyzing the functional impact of BRCA1 variants, which we believe could be used to determine which patients may require preventative treatments. (jci.org)

Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr, 2021. (nih.gov)

A recurring problem in the clinic is that many detectable changes within the BRCA1 gene produce subtle alterations to the protein that are not easily recognized as either harmful (loss-of-function) alleles or harmless and thus inconsequential polymorphisms. (jci.org)
The present review summarizes the recent achievements in understanding the gene profiles of CAFs and pays special attention to their possible epigenetic alterations. (spandidos-publications.com)
At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)

3. Evaluate the genes p16INK4A, CCDN1 e PTEN for amplification or deletion, through FISH. (fapesp.br)

The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Lymphatic tissues also include the thymus, a relatively small organ behind the breastbone that is thought to play an important role in the immune system until puberty, as well as the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue inside the cavities of bones that manufactures blood cells. (rarediseases.org)

In mammalian organisms, cells that express markers of senescence have been shown to accumulate with age and at sites of certain age-related pathologies. (nature.com)
Braig, M. & Schmitt, C. A. Oncogene-induced senescence: putting the brakes on tumor development. (nature.com)

Specifically, methods are disclosed for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood. (justia.com)
In particular, embodiments of the method involve inhibition of both Rac1 and Rac2 GTPases to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject. (justia.com)
The present invention relates generally to improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions for mobilizing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell from bone marrow into peripheral blood by administration of at least one inhibitor of a GTPase, such as Rac1 and/or Rac2 GTPase. (justia.com)
The various mature blood cell types are all ultimately derived from a single class of progenitor cell known as hematopoietic stem cells. (justia.com)
True stem cells are both pluripotent-that is they can give rise to all cell types-and capable of self-renewal. (justia.com)
Stem cells represent a very small percentage of bone marrow cells, and are normally quiescent. (justia.com)
Other cell types derived from hematopoietic stem cells include platelets and erythrocytes. (justia.com)
Current treatments to manage the problems that result from prolonged bone marrow suppression include the reinfusion of a patient's own previously harvested hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (justia.com)
The use of high-dosage chemotherapy or radiotherapy for bone marrow ablation requires subsequent incorporation of hematopoietic stem cells into the patient, in which case prior harvesting of such cells is required. (justia.com)
The success of treatment crucially depends on the mobilization of the bone marrow stem cells, the subsequent return of which permits the patient to achieve reconstitution of a functioning hematopoietic system. (justia.com)
In many cases, successfully mobilization is not effected in the patient and inadequate numbers of hematopoietic stem cells are harvested from these patients using current methods. (justia.com)
All of the patients also received stem cell therapy along with the drug, called brentuximab vedotin. (mentalhelp.net)
P19ink4d controls hematopoietic stem cells in a cell-autonomous manner during genotoxic stress and through the microenvironment during aging. (biomedcentral.com)

Trends Cell Biol. (nature.com)

Hayflick, L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. (nature.com)
We, therefore, evaluated whether miR-101 is de-regulated in eRMS and investigated its interplaying with EZH2 as well as its role in the in vitro tumorigenic potential of these tumor cells. (figshare.com)
We utilized the small interfering RNA to obtain the PAFAH1B3-transfected PTC cell lines, including BCPAP, FTC-133, and TPC-1, and then further examined their biological function in vitro. (bvsalud.org)

Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
Important concepts and elements of molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology, are examined in an experimental context. (princeton.edu)

By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis suggested that PAFAH1B3 is implicated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (bvsalud.org)

Thus, it may refer to the "exosome complex ," being a proteic (enzymatic) macromolecular machinery, present in archaea and eukaryotic cells, being involved in RNA degradation. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, the "exosome vesicle " is an extracellular particle released from the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)

The p19ink4d cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor gene is altered in osteosarcoma. (biomedcentral.com)

p53 protein is involved in cell cycle control but can be inactivated by binding to mdm2 or viral proteins. (aacrjournals.org)

Tumor suppressor genes aid in the development of the proteins involved in regulating cell division. (mentalhelp.net)

Improved methods and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as Rac1 and Rac2 alone or in combination. (justia.com)
In such procedures, patients undergo successive treatments with cell mobilization agents to cause mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation for harvesting. (justia.com)

Hürthle cells are observed in both neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions of the thyroid gland (eg, Hashimoto thyroiditis , nodular and toxic goiter ). (medscape.com)
The multifunctional nuclear protein large T-antigen was detectable by immunohistochemical analyses in a subset of neoplastic cells. (cdc.gov)

A cohort of 97 clear cell renal cell carcinomas was analyzed. (aacrjournals.org)

Anatomy22

Organisms11

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs118

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Apoptosis19

Progression11

Proliferation14

Differentiation9

Tumour suppr1

Mutations11

Tumors14

Regulates2

Pathways4

Squamous cell carc3

Chromosomes5

Genetic20

Mutation6

Susceptibility genes1

Cancer56

Differentially expressed1

Genome5

Repair genes1

Renal cell carc3

Cancers5

Chromosome4

Induces1

Humans1

Expression22

Cellular7

Phenotypes2

Regulation7

Suppressors1

Malignant1

Chromosomal1

Mesenchymal stem1

BRCA22

Variants3

20211

Alterations3

Deletion1

Tissues2

Senescence2

Stem13

Biol1

Vitro3

Genetics2

Epithelial2

Eukaryotic cells2

Cyclin1

MDM21

Proteins involved in regu1

Hematopoietic progenitor cells2

Neoplastic2

Cohort of 971