• Onchocerca volvulus is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that causes onchocerciasis (river blindness), and is the second-leading cause of blindness due to infection worldwide after trachoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two highly similar genes encoding unique extracellular, glycosylated glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of the human-pathogenic nematode, Onchocerca volvulus (Ov-GST1a and Ov-GST1b), have been isolated and characterised. (aber.ac.uk)
  • The sequence of this 46-kD Ro/SS-A protein (calreticulin) has significant homology to lambda Ral-1, a recombinant cDNA clone corresponding to a major antigen of the nematode, Onchocerca volvulus, the infectious agent of onchocerciasis. (jci.org)
  • Onchocerciasis (river blindness) is a neglected tropical parasitic disease (NTD) caused by a filarial nematode worm called Onchocerca volvulus encapsulated in nodules under the skin. (hindawi.com)
  • Loa loa is a member of the filarial nematode (roundworm) family, which also includes worms that cause river blindness ( Onchocerca volvulus ) and elephantiasis ( Wuchereria bancrofti ). (broadinstitute.org)
  • STROMECTOL is indicated for the treatment of intestinal (i.e., nondisseminated) strongyloidiasis due to the nematode parasite Strongyloides stercoralis and for the treatment of onchocerciasis due to the nematode parasite Onchocerca volvulus . (yahoo.com)
  • Onchocerciasis (pronounced /ˈɒŋkɵsɜrˈsaɪ.əsɨs/ or /ˈɒŋkɵsɜrˈkaɪ.əsɨs/), also known as river blindness and Robles' Disease, is a parasitic disease caused by infection with the nematode Onchocerca volvulus. (openlinksw.com)
  • The microfilariae of O. volvulus are found in the dermis layer of skin in the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • The microfilariae are taken up by a female blackfly when it takes a blood meal, thus completing the lifecycle of O. volvulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • A total of 15290 individuals in 3939 families with 9640 children were surveyed for microfilariae of O. volvulus, and prevalence and level of O. volvulus infection in children aged 0 to 20 years from infected and non-infected parents were followed longitudinally for 18 years. (nih.gov)
  • Concurrent administration of corticosteroids should be considered with DEC treatment to minimize the allergic manifestations secondary to the disintegration of microfilariae, particularly in O volvulus and L loa infections. (medscape.com)
  • The survey result revealed that none of the study participants regardless of age, sex, and location demonstrated skin snip Onchocerca microfilariae. (hindawi.com)
  • Female Onchocerca volvulus worms produce thousands of microfilariae which exit the nodules, move into the dermis, and enter the eye causing cutaneous and eye disease [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The morphological discrimination of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus from Mansonella ozzardi. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • There is no published account which allows the morphological discrimination of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus and M. ozzardi from each other. (lshtm.ac.uk)
  • O. volvulus causes onchocerciasis, which causes severe itching. (wikipedia.org)
  • Repeated ivermectin treatment will clear microfilaria (Mf) of Onchocerca volvulus from skin and eyes of onchocerciasis patients while adult filaria remains alive and reproductive, and such occult O. volvulus infection may persist for years. (nih.gov)
  • To investigate the effect of residual adult filaria on the immune response profile, chemokines and cytokines were quantified 1) in onchocerciasis patients who developed an occult O. volvulus infection (Mf-negative) due to repeated ivermectin treatments, 2) patients who became Mf-negative without ivermectin treatments due to missing re-infection, and 3) endemic and non-endemic O. volvulus Mf-negative controls. (nih.gov)
  • Longitudinal follow up of children showed that during vector control activities by the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) and in low-level transmission areas, infection persisted at higher levels in children from O. volvulus-positive mothers. (nih.gov)
  • In summary, the dominant risk factor for children to become infected is maternal onchocerciasis, and also age-associated factors will strongly impact on the development of patent O. volvulus infection in offspring. (nih.gov)
  • NOTE: By purchasing this "ASSESSMENTS OF ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS INFECTION IN HUMANS AND BLACKFLIES AND ONCHOCERCIASIS RESPONSE TO IVERMECTIN AMONG VILLAGERS AROUND GURARA DAM, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA" CodeMint project, it means you have read and agreed to our Terms of Use and our Privacy Policy . (codemint.net)
  • Moxidectin, a macrocyclic lactone, is an anthelmintic indicated for the treatment of onchocerciasis due to Onchocerca volvulus in patients aged 12 years and older. (medscape.com)
  • These results strongly suggest that onchocerciasis patients produce antibodies that crossreact with the 46-kD human Ro/SS-A autoantigen (calreticulin) and raise the possibility that infectious organisms such as O. volvulus might play a triggering or exacerbating role in the human Ro/SS-A autoimmune response. (jci.org)
  • Onchocerciasis, commonly known as river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus . (nri.org)
  • Although the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) in West Africa (1975-2002) has greatly improved the situation in its 11 participating countries, infection by Onchocerca volvulus (the causal agent of River Blindness ) still poses an important public health problem in many areas of Africa, Yemen, and Latin America. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Onchocerciasis - or "river blindness" - is a parasitic disease caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by repeated bites of infected blackflies (Simulium spp. (evanewyork.net)
  • Simplified life cycle of Onchocerciasis volvulus. (medscape.com)
  • Onchocerciasis is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus . (who.int)
  • An estimated 187 million people are at risk of O. volvulus infection, with 17-25 million people infected and 0.8 million showing some impairment of vision. (wikipedia.org)
  • With occult O. volvulus infection, serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, MPIF-1/CCL23 and CXCL8/IL-8 enhanced and approached higher concentrations as determined in infection-free controls, whilst regulatory and Th2-type cytokines and chemokines MCP-4/CCL13, MIP-1δ/CCL15, TARC/CCL17 and IL-13 lessened. (nih.gov)
  • This study analysed the impact and the extent by which parental Onchocerca volvulus infection, intensity of transmission of O. volvulus infective 3rd-stage larvae (L3) and anthropometric factors may influence the acquisition, development and persistence of O. volvulus infection in offspring. (nih.gov)
  • Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that maternal O. volvulus infection and children's age are the predominant predictors for patent O. volvulus infection, while the intensity of transmission, measured by the annual transmission potential (ATP) of O. volvulus L3, was less decisive. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover there seems to be an association between epilepsy and the degree of infection with Onchocerca volvulus. (kit.nl)
  • Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. (umassmed.edu)
  • Some experts recommend treating patients with 1 dose of ivermectin, then 6 weeks of doxycycline to kill Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic rickettsia-like bacterium that appears to be required for the survival of the O. volvulus adult worm and for embryogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • In an effort to eliminate that disease, Merck &Co., Inc. has run mass drug administration campaigns since 1989 to treat entire communities with ivermectin, a drug that kills the Onchocerca worms and is used in this country to treat heartworm in pets, among other things. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The danger comes when people who are co-infected with both Onchocerca and Loa loa receive ivermectin treatment. (broadinstitute.org)
  • Desjardins and his colleagues hoped the sequence of Loa loa , along with those of Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus , would shed some light on the host-parasite relationship, in addition to giving scientists valuable data to help explain the dangerous post-ivermectin reactions. (broadinstitute.org)
  • The worm (Onchocerca volvulus) is transmitted to humans as immature larvae through bites of infected black flies. (medindia.net)
  • O. volvulus parasites obtain nutrients from the human host by ingesting blood or by diffusion through their cuticle. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5) Were the species on the ark all "good" species (as originally created by God) or had some of them evolved into parasites like O. volvulus and black flies by the time of the flood? (blogspot.com)
  • O volvulus larvae mature into their sexually competent adult forms in these nodules. (medscape.com)
  • Moxidectin does not kill adult O volvulus . (medscape.com)
  • The WHO estimates that at least 12-15 years of annual treatment are required in high and moderate endemic areas to eliminate transmission, corresponding to the lifespan of the adult Onchocerca volvulus . (nri.org)
  • The gene encoding the Ov-phy-1 open reading frame contained 11 introns, similar in structure to the gene encoding human prolyl 4-hydroxylase isoform I. Genomic Southern blot, EST and genomic PCR studies demonstrated that the O. volvulus genome contained between three and eight genes closely related to Ov-phy-1. (embl.de)
  • The genome of Onchocerca volvulus, agent of river blindness. (cdc.gov)
  • Survival of Onchocerca volvulus in nodules implanted in immunodeficient rodents. (umassmed.edu)
  • In vitro production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase should facilitate identification of specific inhibitors of the parasite enzyme. (embl.de)
  • John O'Neill, an Irish surgeon, first described Onchocerca volvulus in 1874, when he found it to be the causative agent of 'craw-craw', a skin disease found in West Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study has provided new data on the kinetics of Mf in the skin and eyes after IVM treatment of persons with light to moderate intensity Onchocerca volvulus infections that are common in Africa at this time. (wustl.edu)
  • In areas where Loa loa is endemic, particularly West Africa, people are often also infected with Onchocerca , the roundworm behind river blindness. (broadinstitute.org)
  • This further demonstrates the potential of C. elegans as a host for expression of candidate vaccine antigens from O. volvulus and affirms the role of C. elegans as a model for parasitic nematodes. (aber.ac.uk)
  • these changes may reflect a decreasing effector cell activation against Mf of O. volvulus, and in parallel, an enhancing inflammatory immune responsiveness. (nih.gov)
  • Subcutaneous nodule on hip caused by encysted Onchocerca volvulus. (medscape.com)
  • In the new study, 16,259 volunteers in 92 villages in Cameroon where both L. loa and O. volvulus are commonly found provided finger-prick blood samples. (medindia.net)
  • 3) Did Noah find a male and female O. volvulus to take on the ark or were human passengers serving as hosts? (blogspot.com)
  • 4) Did Noah bring male and female black flies that are needed to complete the life cycle of O. volvulus ? (blogspot.com)
  • So God's original creation didn't include Onchocerca volvulus , is that what you're saying, Berend? (blogspot.com)
  • O. volvulus has not directly caused a single death, but has cost 1.1 million disability adjusted life years, which measure the number of years of healthy life lost due to a specific disease and show the burden of a disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Co-expression of Ov-phy-1 with the O. volvulus homologue of protein disulfide isomerase in a baculovirus system resulted in the production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
  • Onchocerca volvulus is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that causes onchocerciasis (river blindness), and is the second-leading cause of blindness due to infection worldwide after trachoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ongoing elimination efforts have altered the global distribution of Onchocerca volvulus, the agent of river blindness, and further population restructuring is expected as efforts continue. (nih.gov)
  • Onchocerca volvulus is a parasitic worm that causes river blindness, transmitted by blackflies and characterized by nodules under the skin, itching, and potential loss of vision. (hbot-india.com)
  • Human onchocerciasis (river blindness) caused by Onchocerca volvulus is endemic in 30 countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Yemen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These flies transmit Onchocerca volvulus , the tiny parasitic worm responsible for river blindness. (nih.gov)
  • Onchocerciasis, commonly known as "river blindness", is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus . (who.int)
  • Onchocerciasis - or "river blindness" - is a parasitic disease caused by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus transmitted by repeated bites of infected blackflies ( Simulium spp. (who.int)
  • Multivalent vaccines are being developed against Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of river blindness, and against Stongyloides stercoralis. (jefferson.edu)
  • Onchocerciasis, or river blindness , is a filarial infection caused by the parasitic nematode, Onchocerca volvulus , carried by black flies of the genus Simulium . (encyclopedia.com)
  • Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is caused by infection by the filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus which is transmitted by female black flies of the genus Simulium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • onchocerca volvulus causes river blindness and is transmitted by black flies of the genus simulium. (scoutgambia.org)
  • Of all the infectious, environmental and psychological factors associated with NS, the major culprit is Onchocerca Volvulus (Ov)-a parasitic worm transmitted to human by blackflies. (huji.ac.il)
  • O. volvulus is transmitted to humans by blackflies ( Simulium damnosum ), which breed in fast-flowing rivers and streams. (hopkinsguides.com)
  • Fain, A, Wéry, M & Tilkin, J 1981, ' Transmission d' Onchocerca volvulus par Simulium albivirgulatum dans le foyer d'onchocercose de la Cuvette Centrale, Zaïre ', Annales de la Société Belge de Médecine Tropicale , vol. 61, pp. 307-309. (itg.be)
  • Several types of parasitic roundworms have iPGM, including Brugia malayi and Onchocerca volvulus , which infect roughly 150 million people living mostly in tropical regions. (nih.gov)
  • The objective was to establish the impact of mass drug administration in combination with larviciding on the interruption of O. volvulus transmission. (sightsavers.org)
  • The principle was that, by controlling breeding sites of the flies for long enough, transmission could be interrupted while waiting for the adult parasites of Onchocerca volvulus to die (in infected individuals). (cehjournal.org)
  • Some experts recommend treating patients with 1 dose of ivermectin, then 6 weeks of doxycycline to kill Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic rickettsia-like bacterium that appears to be required for the survival of the O. volvulus adult worm and for embryogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • John O'Neill, an Irish surgeon, first described Onchocerca volvulus in 1874, when he found it to be the causative agent of 'craw-craw', a skin disease found in West Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • O. volvulus has been proposed as one of the causative agents of nodding syndrome, a condition that affects children aged 5 to 15 and is currently only observed in South Sudan, Tanzania, and northern Uganda. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epilepsy in Onchocerca volvulus Sero-Positive Patients From Northern Uganda-Clinical, EEG and Brain Imaging Features. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the newly published research, the scientists describe sequencing the complete genomes of O. volvulus worms gathered from Ecuador, Uganda and West Africa. (nih.gov)
  • O. volvulus can also cause intense skin itching, leaving dead and discolored patches of skin in addition to the characteristic blindness. (scienceblogs.com)
  • To improve our understanding of the disease spectrum, we described the clinical, electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of children with epilepsy and sero-positive for Onchocerca volvulus (possible OAEs other than nodding syndrome). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Light and electron microscopic immunohistology using antibodies against the recombinant protein showed labeling of lysosomes in the hypodermis and epithelia of the intestine and the reproductive organs of Onchocerca. (edu.au)
  • The phylogenetic analysis showed the high degree of identity between the identified O. ochengi and the O. volvulus galectin-1 (ß-galactoside-binding protein-1) consisting only in one exchange of alanine for serine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To compare the magnitude of binding of both native and recombinant forms of tubulin, we developed an ELISA assay for estimating the amount of tubulin in soluble protein extracts of O. volvulus. (mak.ac.ug)
  • To enhance the immune response for our vaccine design, truncated (residues 10-153) Onchocerca volvulus activation-associated secreted protein-1 (Ov-ASP-1) has been utilized as an adjuvant at N terminal of both the MEVs. (biorxiv.org)
  • O. volvulus parasites obtain nutrients from the human host by ingesting blood or by diffusion through their cuticle. (wikipedia.org)
  • 17. Human macrophages and T-lymphocyte subsets infiltrating nodules of Onchocerca volvulus. (nih.gov)
  • Human isotype antibody responses to an Onchocerca volvulus glutathione S-transferase. (fq.edu.uy)
  • Studies on the biology of O. volvulus have been limited due to the lack of appropriate animal models [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe an 11-year-old girl, a new immigrant from Ethiopia, who had a firm mass in her left thigh, caused by Onchocerca volvulus. (ima.org.il)
  • O. volvulus has not directly caused a single death, but has cost 1.1 million disability adjusted life years, which measure the number of years of healthy life lost due to a specific disease and show the burden of a disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Robust disease surveillance is a cornerstone of global health efforts that range from detecting emerging pathogens and epidemics to the control or elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases, HIV, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) ( http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/9789241564540/en/ ) ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)