GlycoproteinsGlycansIsomalto-oligosaccharideProteinsHMOsMoleculesChainsReceptorsProteinPolysaccharidesChitosanMammalianGlycosylationSimple sugarsCarbohydrateSequenceGlycoproteinEnzymesAntigenFunctionsSynthesisCompositionIntestinalLipidsMonosaccharidesEnzymaticReceptorFunctionalMolecularComplexPutativeCitationCrystalFunctionMoietyHighPresentFoundSitesEXTRACTShownHuman gutCellProduction
Glycoproteins9
- By offering higher structural resolution using an increasingly accessible technique, our method allows deeper understanding of how glycan structures can affect the function and efficacy of their glyco-conjugates, and potentially advances quality control of therapeutic glycoproteins. (a-star.edu.sg)
- Sequential mannose trimming of N -glycan, from M9 to M8B and then to oligosaccharides exposing the α1,6-linked mannosyl residue (M7A, M6, and M5), facilitates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded glycoproteins (gpERAD). (elifesciences.org)
- Not all natural oligosaccharides occur as components of glycoproteins or glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
- In biology, glycosylation is the process by which a carbohydrate is covalently attached to an organic molecule, creating structures such as glycoproteins and glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycoproteins have distinct Oligosaccharide structures which have significant effects on many of their properties, affecting critical functions such as antigenicity, solubility, and resistance to proteases. (wikipedia.org)
- Structures of O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides isolated from human meconium glycoproteins. (edu.au)
- This entry corresponds to a catologue of structures reported in the publication - Structures of O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides isolated from human meconium glycoproteins. (edu.au)
- Within lysosomes, the enzyme helps break down complex chains of sugar molecules (oligosaccharides) attached to certain proteins (glycoproteins). (medlineplus.gov)
- Endo F2 is a highly specific recombinant endoglycosidase which cleaves within the chitobiose core of asparagine-linked complex biantennary and high mannose oligosaccharides from glycoproteins and glycopeptides. (neb.com)
Glycans5
- Despite numerous approaches to characterizing glycans, there still remains the challenge of distinguishing isomeric glycan structures which have similar compositions. (a-star.edu.sg)
- They are normally present as glycans: oligosaccharide chains are linked to lipids or to compatible amino acid side chains in proteins, by N- or O-glycosidic bonds. (wikipedia.org)
- The data indicate that eight to nine of the predicted N-linked oligosaccharide sites on gC1(457t) are occupied by glycans of approximately 1,000 Da. (nih.gov)
- Human milk oligosaccharides are unconjugated complex glycans present in high concentration in human milk that serve as pre-biotics and immunomodulators. (frontiersin.org)
- HMOs are produced in the mammary gland from the monosaccharides galactose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, fucose, and sialic acid, forming unconjugated complex glycans consisting of both short chain as well as long chain structures (in 9:1 ratio), that range from 10 to 15 g/L in mature milk ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Isomalto-oligosaccharide4
- What is Isomalto-Oligosaccharide? (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
- Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) is a type of carbohydrate that has gained popularity as a low-calorie, high-fiber ingredient often used in protein bars and other functional foods. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
- Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) is a mixture of short-chain carbohydrates known for their digestion-resistant properties. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
- Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) is a mixture of short-chain carbohydrates that has a digestion-resistant property. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
Proteins5
- Lectins, or proteins that bind carbohydrates, can recognize specific oligosaccharides and provide useful information for cell recognition based on oligosaccharide binding. (wikipedia.org)
- Oligosaccharide binding proteins from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. (escholarship.org)
- Its genome sequence revealed an overabundance of the Family 1 of solute binding proteins (F1SBPs), part of ABC transporters and associated with the import of oligosaccharides. (escholarship.org)
- Growth on HMO induced the expression of specific binding proteins that import HMO isomers, but also bind blood group and mucin oligosaccharides, suggesting coregulated transport mechanisms. (escholarship.org)
- Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of secretory and lysosomal/vacuolar proteins, glycosylation and other post-translational protein modifications as determinants of protein structure and function, catalytic properties and physiological functions of proteases and glycosylation enzymes, proteolysis and its pathological and biotechnological relevance, recombinant expression of biotherapeutics in plants, plant membrane protein biochemistry. (boku.ac.at)
HMOs4
- Bifidobacterium were less abundant than generally expected and the species identified, including B. breve, B. longum and B. bifidum, had limited genetic capacity to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), while B. infantis strains with a complete capacity for HMOs utilization were found to be exceptionally rare. (nature.com)
- These gut microbial perturbations, conceptually referred to as dysbiosis, are strongly associated with the absence of infant-associated Bifidobacterium that encode key functions required for the metabolization of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in the infant 8 . (nature.com)
- Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been studied for more than 130 years and are well-recognized ingredients in infant nutrition. (dsm.com)
- Human milk provides all the essential nutrients to newborn and developing infants, as well as bioactive compounds such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which promote health benefits beyond nutrition ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Molecules6
- Glycolipids are lipid molecules bound to oligosaccharides, generally present in the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
- The NAG molecules, which were closing the glycosylation site in the orthorhombic form, in hexagonal structure make the glycosylation site open. (rcsb.org)
- Furthermore, one will need to be able to predict the structure patterns generated during the self-organization of whole layers of (bio)molecules on the surface. (degruyter.com)
- But just as it had originally been the case in other fields of synthetic chemistry, such as molecular or solid state chemistry, the outcome of such a deposition with respect to the structure of the individual molecule or the structural arrangement of many molecules is very hard to predict without prior experimental input. (degruyter.com)
- But we are still far away from an unbiased structure prediction of thermodynamically and/or kinetically stable structures of molecules on surfaces. (degruyter.com)
- Similarly, the powerful global search techniques that have been applied to, and sometimes specifically developed for, the structure prediction of crystals and single molecules in vacuum or solvent can also be employed for the prediction of the structure(s) of molecules on surfaces. (degruyter.com)
Chains3
- Since these sugar chains can alter the functions of protein-based drugs, it is important to understand the nature of their structures. (a-star.edu.sg)
- This has been a tremendous challenge because sugar chains can have very different 3D structures despite having the same mass. (a-star.edu.sg)
- Composition indicates one or two n-linked oligosaccharide chains and no o-glycosylation. (lu.se)
Receptors3
- The binding mechanisms of receptors to the oligosaccharides depends on the composition of the oligosaccharides that are exposed or presented above the surface of the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- Recently, we determined the crystal structure of the extracellular region of P110 and demonstrated its binding to sialic acid receptors 6 . (nature.com)
- Biotin labeling of the symbiotically important succinoglycan oligosaccharides of Rhizobium meliloti for identification of putative plant receptors. (mpg.de)
Protein5
- We are now one step closer to understanding how glycan structure can impact protein functions. (a-star.edu.sg)
- Uncovering the structural details of these oligosaccharides in high resolution helps researchers understand the functions and mechanisms of protein-based drugs, and improve corporate decisions regarding cost, time and efficiencies of quality control. (a-star.edu.sg)
- In addition, O-linked oligosaccharides are present on gC1(457t), primarily localized to the N-terminal region (amino acids [aa] 33 to 123) of the protein. (nih.gov)
- Their RNA components fold into a similar secondary structure and they share several protein subunits. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- Isomalto-oligosaccharides are low-calorie, high-fiber carbohydrates used in protein bars and functional foods. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
Polysaccharides1
- Three or more sugars (oligosaccharides or polysaccharides) bonded together in a more complex chemical structure. (nih.gov)
Chitosan3
- Chitosan oligosaccharide addition affects current-year shoot of post-transplant Buddhist pine (Podocarpus macrophyllus) seedlings under contrasting photoperiods. (sisef.it)
- Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been used as modifiers to promote growth and mineral nutrient utilization in crop plants, but its over-year effect on current-year shoot (CYS) of juvenile trees is still unclear. (sisef.it)
- Some IMOs, like fructose oligosaccharide and chitosan, exhibit special physiological functions in the human body, making them advantageous for various health applications. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
Mammalian1
- Half of the F1SBPs in B. infantis were determined to bind mammalian oligosaccharides. (escholarship.org)
Glycosylation6
- The major findings were, that HEX1 and HEX2 catalyze trans-glycosylation reactions with lactose as acceptor, giving rise to the human milk oligosaccharide precursor lacto-N-triose II (LNT2) with yields of 2 and 8 % based on the donor substrate. (dtu.dk)
- N-Linked glycosylation involves oligosaccharide attachment to asparagine via a beta linkage to the amine nitrogen of the side chain. (wikipedia.org)
- In N-glycosylation for eukaryotes, the oligosaccharide substrate is assembled right at the membrane of the endoplasmatic reticulum. (wikipedia.org)
- Oligosaccharides that participate in O-linked glycosylation are attached to threonine or serine on the hydroxyl group of the side chain. (wikipedia.org)
- Glycosylation sites in O-linked oligosaccharides are determined by the secondary and tertiary structures of the polypeptide, which dictate where glycosyltransferases will add sugars. (wikipedia.org)
- Together, the human disease and animal models suggest that glycosylation plays a crucial role in the structure and/or function of rhodopsin. (jneurosci.org)
Simple sugars1
- These are simple sugars with the general chemical structure of C6H12O6. (nih.gov)
Carbohydrate4
- GlycoSuiteDB is a curated database of carbohydrate (glycan) structures sourced from published material. (edu.au)
- Together, these results indicate that the structure of the rhodopsin N terminus must be maintained by an appropriate amino acid sequence surrounding N2 and may require a carbohydrate moiety at N15. (jneurosci.org)
- Recent progress in polymer-supported synthesis of oligosaccharides and carbohydrate libraries. (mpg.de)
- Solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis and combinatorial carbohydrate libraries. (mpg.de)
Sequence1
- The asparagine residue linked to an N-linked oligosaccharide usually occurs in the sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr, where X can be any amino acid except for proline, although it is rare to see Asp, Glu, Leu, or Trp in this position. (wikipedia.org)
Glycoprotein2
- A biochemical analysis of glycoprotein C (gC of herpes simplex virus was undertaken to further characterize the structure of the glycoprotein and to determine its disulfide bond arrangement. (nih.gov)
- They catalyze the transfer of N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID from CMP-N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. (bvsalud.org)
Enzymes4
- Accordingly, we have established the entire route of oligosaccharide processing and the enzymes responsible. (elifesciences.org)
- IMOs are functional oligosaccharides, which means they are non-digestible by human gut enzymes (except for maltooligosaccharides and trehalose) and provide health benefits such as fiber and prebiotics. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
- An international collaboration of researchers explored the auxiliary activities 7 (AA7) enzyme family, characterizing four fungal enzymes and uncovering a novel class of flavo-enzymes, exemplified by oligosaccharide dehydrogenase. (lu.se)
- The studies involve biochemical structure/function-related studies of enzymes with a biotechnological potential. (lu.se)
Antigen2
- The oligosaccharides found on the A, B, and H antigen occur on the non-reducing ends of the oligosaccharide. (wikipedia.org)
- The E. coli O123 O-antigenic polysaccharide and its repeating unit were characterized, and the chemical structure for E. coli O123 was entirely consistent with the O antigen gene cluster sequences of E. coli O123 and the Salmonella O58 isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Functions1
- Oligosaccharides can have many functions including cell recognition and cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
Synthesis6
- abstract = "This paper describes the discovery and characterization of two novel β-N-acetylhexosaminidases HEX1 and HEX2, capable of catalyzing the synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) backbone structures with fair yields using chitin oligomers as β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) donor. (dtu.dk)
- Cap-Tag"-novel methods for the rapid purification of oligosaccharides prepared by automated solid-phase synthesis. (mpg.de)
- Oligosaccharide synthesis with glycosyl phosphate and dithiophosphate triesters as glycosylating Agents. (mpg.de)
- Automated solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides. (mpg.de)
- A novel 4,5-dibromooctane-1,8-diol linker for solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis. (mpg.de)
- Solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis : preparation of complex structures using a novel linker and different glycosylating agents. (mpg.de)
Composition1
- 10. Falck P, Aronsson A, Grey C, Stålbrand H, Nordberg Karlsson E, Adlercreutz P ( 2014 ) Production of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide mixtures of varying composition from rye bran by combination of process conditions and type of xylanase. (lu.se)
Intestinal2
- Bifidobacteria isolated from infants and cultured on human milk oligosaccharides affect intestinal epithelial function. (dsm.com)
- infantis (B. infantis) is a common member of the infant intestinal microbiota, and it has been characterized by its foraging capacity for human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). (escholarship.org)
Lipids1
- These structures include oligosaccharides, phophorylated saccharides, sulfopolysaccha-rides and lipids. (biovendor.com)
Monosaccharides2
- All N-linked oligosaccharides are pentasaccharides: five monosaccharides long. (wikipedia.org)
- One or two sugars (monosaccharides or disaccharides) combined in a simple chemical structure. (nih.gov)
Enzymatic2
- Mannan oligosaccharides and enzymatic complex in broiler diets. (scialert.net)
- The chemical structures of isomaltooligosaccharides can be industrially obtained through the enzymatic reaction of cornstarch, specifically using α-amylase derived from Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
Receptor1
- The head of the oligosaccharide serves as a binding partner in receptor activity. (wikipedia.org)
Functional2
- Initially, the functional monomer forms a complex and, after polymerization, their functional groups are held by the highly crosslinking polymeric structure. (intechopen.com)
- In summary, the chemical structure and properties of isomaltooligosaccharides classify them as functional oligosaccharides with potential health benefits. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
Molecular2
- The structure of P140, for which there are no molecular models or experimental phases available, was determined by density modification techniques, starting with a mask derived from the sub-tomogram-averaged map of the whole Nap obtained by cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) (see Methods). (nature.com)
- DAMPs, damage-associated tissues and the molecular target structures and pathways. (cdc.gov)
Complex3
- Crystal structures are available for type O, A and C viruses and also for a complex of type O strain O(1)BFS with heparin. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here we report the crystal structure of P140 both alone and in complex with the N-terminal domain of P110. (nature.com)
- Here, we address the structure and mechanism of the Nap adhesion complex and reveal an intricate interplay between P110 and P140. (nature.com)
Putative1
- Different putative ligand structures have been identified for which the selectins show high affinity. (biovendor.com)
Citation1
- citation needed] An important example of oligosaccharide cell recognition is the role of glycolipids in determining blood types. (wikipedia.org)
Crystal3
- The crystal structure of human ST8SiaIII at 1.85-Å resolution presented here is, to our knowledge, the first solved structure of a polysialyltransferase from any species, and it reveals a cluster of polysialyltransferase-specific structural motifs that collectively provide an extended electropositive surface groove for binding of oligo-polysialic acid chain products. (rcsb.org)
- Both crystal structures and the cryo-EM structure are found in a closed conformation, where the sialic acid binding site in P110 is occluded. (nature.com)
- a X-ray crystal structure of the P140-P110N heterodimer. (nature.com)
Function1
- Breast milk oligosaccharides: structure-function relationships in the neonate. (dsm.com)
Moiety1
- Model of the new dehydrogenase showing the two domain structure and the FAD moiety. (lu.se)
High1
- Griffithsin (GRFT) is high-mannose oligosaccharide binding lectin that has shown in vivo broad-spectrum activity against viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, human immunodeficiency virus 1, hepatitis C virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. (cdc.gov)
Present2
- In this review, we present an overview over the current state of the art regarding the prediction and clarification of structures of biomolecules on surfaces using theoretical and computational methods. (degruyter.com)
- The secretor and the Lewis blood group status direct the amount and type of oligosaccharides present in the milk ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
Found2
- One of the main oligosaccharides found in human milk is 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL). (frontiersin.org)
- These oligosaccharides can be naturally found in certain foods and are also produced commercially. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)
Sites1
- FMDV A10(61) was closely similar in structure to other serotypes, deviating most in antigenic sites. (ox.ac.uk)
EXTRACT1
- Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide with or without oregano essential oil and hop extract supplementation on the performance and slaughter characteristics of male broilers. (scialert.net)
Shown1
- B) H5N1 2.3.4 and C) H5N8 hemagglutinins were modeled into the structure shown in panel A as detailed in Materials and Methods. (cdc.gov)
Human gut1
- Utilization of major fucosylated and sialylated human milk oligosaccharides by isolated human gut microbes. (dsm.com)
Cell1
Production1
- Starch serves as the raw material for this production process, which is enzymatically converted into a mixture of isomalto-oligosaccharides. (sugar-and-sweetener-guide.com)