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OligosaccharidesAntigensCarbohydrate SequenceCarbohydrate ConformationAntigens, BacterialAntigens, NeoplasmAntigens, SurfaceMannoseGlycosylationAntigens, ViralGlycoside HydrolasesGlycopeptidesMolecular Sequence DataOligosaccharides, Branched-ChainMannosidasesAsparagineGlycoproteinsPolyisoprenyl Phosphate OligosaccharidesMannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-AcetylglucosaminidasePolysaccharidesCarbohydratesalpha-MannosidaseFucoseAntigens, ProtozoanSwainsonineAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingLectinsHLA Antigens1-DeoxynojirimycinAntigens, FungalGlucosamineAntigens, CDSialic AcidsAcetylglucosamineDisaccharidesHexosaminidasesChromatography, High Pressure LiquidPeptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine AmidaseAntigens, HelminthMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyAntigens, CD15H-2 AntigensN-Acetylneuraminic AcidEpitopesAcetylgalactosamineAntibodies, MonoclonalO AntigensGalactoseBlood Group AntigensAmino Acid SequenceChromatography, GelAcetylglucosaminidaseLewis Blood-Group SystemIndolizinesTrisaccharidesAmino SugarsTunicamycinCarcinoembryonic AntigenPolyisoprenyl Phosphate SugarsCell LineMonosaccharidesAntigens, Viral, TumorMolecular WeightGlycoconjugatesGlycolipidsChromatography, AffinityElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelHLA-DR AntigensChromatography, Ion ExchangeMilk, HumanElectrophoresis, PaperReceptors, Antigen, T-CellGuanosine Diphosphate MannoseDolicholMannansHistocompatibility AntigensMucinsAntigens, Tumor-Associated, CarbohydrateProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenN-AcetylglucosaminyltransferasesImmunoglobulin GMass SpectrometryHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIChromatography, PaperSugar AlcoholsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayBorohydridesGlycosidesProstate-Specific AntigenSpectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom BombardmentGlucosidasesReceptors, Antigen, B-CellKineticsPrebioticsPlant LectinsSulfatesCross Reactionsalpha-MannosidosisMannosyltransferasesT-Lymphocytes
PolysaccharidesAntibodiesHisto-blood group anPolysaccharideSurface antigensGlycoproteinsPrecursorAntigenicGeneStructuresLewisCarbohydrateDendriticSynthesisReceptorPathogensSugarsMoleculesVaccineRBCsMucinsCapsularTailor-madeChainsStrainsFUT2GalactoseBodily fluidsAntibodyMicrobialColiImmuneExpressionBiochemicalStructureProteinsVivoOuterCoreProducesContrastTypePresentHigh
Polysaccharides2
Antibodies4
  • Associations between blood type and disease have been studied since the early 1900s when researchers determined that antibodies and antigens are inherited. (rti.org)
  • An oligosaccharide-conjugate cancer vaccine has shown promising results by eliciting antibodies against glycan moieties found in various cancer types and their stem cells. (sinica.edu.tw)
  • Individuals have antibodies (isohemagglutinins) in their plasma that are directed against blood group antigens that their RBCs lack (see Table 1). (medscape.com)
  • Breast milk also contains other immunoglobulins, antibodies, oligosaccharides, lipids, bioactive peptides, among other components with unique mechanisms that besides the protection against these diseases, stimulate the development of infants' immune systems. (bvsalud.org)
Histo-blood group an2
  • Immunocytochemical analysis of the 3-D cultures also showed no detectable presence of histo-blood group antigens that participate in NV binding and host tropism. (cdc.gov)
  • FUT2 encodes an enzyme that produces histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) on the surface of epithelial cells and in mucosal secretions ( 21 , 22 ). (cdc.gov)
Polysaccharide3
  • The E. coli O123 O-antigenic polysaccharide and its repeating unit were characterized, and the chemical structure for E. coli O123 was entirely consistent with the O antigen gene cluster sequences of E. coli O123 and the Salmonella O58 isolates. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Stu Borman, Chemical and Engineering News, Dec. 16, 2002 lists as highlights of 2002 http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8050/8050chemhighlights5.html with references to the literature on polysaccharide and glycoconjugate microarrays, monosaccharide chips, natural and synthetic oligosaccharide arrays, and synthetic oligosaccharides in microtiter plate format. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
Surface antigens1
  • In the 1950s, the chemical identification of the carbohydrate structure of surface antigens led to the understanding of biosynthetic pathways. (rti.org)
Glycoproteins5
Precursor10
  • The enzyme fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3), encoded by Le gene, adds a fucose to the precursor oligosaccharide substrate, converting it to the Le-a antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • This adds fucose to the oligosaccharide precursor in a different position from the FUT3 enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two precursor oligosaccharides exist, type 1 and type 2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The H gene of the ABO system encodes a fucosyltransferase that adds fucose to type 2 precursor substances on the surface of RBCs to make H antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Lewis antigen produced on free type 1 precursor substance passively adsorbs onto the surfaces or red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • HBGA are complex carbohydrates distinguished by different monosaccharides added to a precursor oligosaccharide by fucosyltransferase enzymes ( 2 3, 24 ). (cdc.gov)
  • precursor oligosaccharide. (equimount.com)
  • The precursor glycoprotein/glycolipoprotein that allows expression of all ABO antigens is composed of oligosaccharide chains with the essential addition of fructose. (medscape.com)
  • Most people have the antigen "H" encoded, because this is the precursor for antigen A or B. Thus, depending on whether the other genes are encoded, it will be determined if they will remain a type O or change to type A, B, or AB. (medscape.com)
  • In rare cases, even the initial precursor H antigen is not genetically encoded. (medscape.com)
Antigenic3
  • We have developed a simple, liposome-based approach to generate multivalent carbohydrate vaccines, and in place of an antigenic peptide or protein, we have used a potent antigen for natural killer T cells. (rsc.org)
  • CD57, also known as HNK-1, NK-1, and Leu-7 is a 100-115 kD oligosaccharide antigenic determinant expressed on a variety of proteins, lipids, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. (biolegend.com)
  • Oligosaccharide antigenic determinant present on a variety of proteins, lipds, and chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, 100-115 kD. (biolegend.com)
Gene9
  • The link between the Lewis blood group and secretion of the ABO blood group antigens was possibly the first example of multiple effects of a human gene: the same enzyme (fucosyltransferase2) which converts the Le-a antigen to Le-b is also responsible for the presence of soluble A, B and H antigens in bodily fluids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Persons who lack a functional FUT2 gene cannot generate ABH antigens in secretions and, thus, are termed nonsecretors ( 23 , 24 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We have therefore sequenced additional S. enterica O antigen gene clusters to provide information for the development of DNA-based serotyping methods. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Three S. enterica isolates had O antigen gene clusters with homology to the Escherichia coli O123 O antigen region. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The O antigen cluster of a Salmonella serogroup O41 isolate had a lower level of identity with E. coli O123 over only part of its O antigen DNA cluster sequence, suggesting a different and more complex evolution of this gene cluster than those in the O58 strains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The blood type is defined by oligosaccharide structures, which are specific to the antigens, thus, blood group antigens are secondary gene products, while the primary gene products are various glycosyltransferase enzymes that attach the sugar molecules to the oligosaccharide chain. (rti.org)
  • Human milk oligosaccharides have been shown to directly modulate gene expression in mast and goblet cells in the gastrointestinal tract, with data showing a reduced risk of peanut sensitisation among infants breastfed by peanut-consuming mothers, thereby suggesting a role for milk-borne food antigens in tolerance development. (unicef.org.uk)
  • The gene FUT 1 , located on chromosome 19q13.3, is responsible for the synthesis of AB and H antigens. (medscape.com)
  • The gene for type "O" is silent and thus maintains the original formation of the H antigen. (medscape.com)
Structures1
Lewis10
  • The Lewis antigen system is a human blood group system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proteins produced by the FUT2 and FUT3 genes modify type I oligosaccharide chains to create Lewis antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two main types of Lewis antigens, Lewis a (Le-a) and Lewis b (Le-b). (wikipedia.org)
  • Lewis-b antigen is found only in secretors: people who possess the Se allele and thus have FUT2 activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lewis antigens are expressed on the surface of red blood cells, endothelium, kidney, genitourinary and gastrointestinal epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lewis antigens are red blood cell antigens which are not produced by the cell itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, Lewis antigens are components of exocrine epithelial secretions, and are subsequently adsorbed onto the surface of the red cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Automated glycan assembly of Lewis type I and II oligosaccharide antigens. (mpg.de)
  • Recent advances in technology, biochemistry, and genetics have clarified the functional classifications of human blood group antigens, the structure of the A, B, H, and Lewis determinants and the enzymes that produce them, and the association of blood group antigens with disease risks. (rti.org)
  • The Lewis antigens are not components of developng red blood cells. (equimount.com)
Carbohydrate1
  • Michael Breimer started his research in the Department of Medical and Physiological Chemistry isolating and structurally characterising blood group AB(O)H and related carbohydrate antigens. (gu.se)
Dendritic1
  • However, the fate of oligosaccharide antigen in dendritic cells has never been investigated. (sinica.edu.tw)
Synthesis3
  • Total synthesis of a densely functionalized Plesiomonas shigelloides serotype 51 aminoglycoside trisaccharide antigen. (mpg.de)
  • Synthesis of conjugation-ready zwitterionic oligosaccharides by chemoselective thioglycoside activation. (mpg.de)
  • Synthesis and immunological evaluation of oligosaccharide-antigens as vaccine candidates for streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 1 and 8. (mpg.de)
Receptor3
  • We used the structurally defined interaction between influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and its cell surface receptor sialic acid (SA) to identify a B cell receptor (BCR) activation modality that proceeded through non-cognate interactions with antigen. (harvard.edu)
  • Using a new approach to reconstitute antigen-receptor interactions in a human reporter B cell line, we found that sequence-defined BCRs from the human germline repertoire could be triggered by both complementarity to influenza HA and a separate mode of signaling that relied on multivalent ligation of BCR sialyl-oligosaccharide. (harvard.edu)
  • With certain exceptions, the receptor sequence for PNA is normally sialylated which prevents the lectin from binding to its receptor oligosaccharide (see Jacalin). (vectorlabs.com)
Pathogens3
  • 8 , 11 - 14 Numerous stimuli can drive the activation of the complement system, including apoptotic debris, pathogens, and antibody-antigen complexes, in addition to ischemia-reperfusion injuries associated with organ transplantation. (jrheum.org)
  • Today in class, there was a discussion going on about what part of pathogens(which can act as an antigen) can be used to make vaccines. (stackexchange.com)
  • What attracts cells to: pathogens, professional antigen-presenting cells, and cells with an antigen on its MHC-1 protein? (stackexchange.com)
Sugars3
  • Oligosaccharides are made from different types of sugars linked together in complex ways. (mightynatural.com)
  • More sugars can be attached to the H1-antigen to give the A, B or AB blood types. (mightynatural.com)
  • For the configuration of A, B, or AB antigens, an additional alpha 1,3-N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and/or glycosyltransferase enzyme is encoded to attach additional sugars to the "H" antigen. (medscape.com)
Molecules1
  • Your blood type - A, B, AB or O - is dictated by genes that determine which kinds of molecules, called oligosaccharides, are found on the surface of your red blood cells. (mightynatural.com)
Vaccine4
  • The new generation of whole-cell vaccines is based on an unencapsulated serotype that allows the expression of many bacterial antigens at a lower cost than a recombinant vaccine. (mdpi.com)
  • Aiming at a broad serotype coverage S. flexneri glycoconjugate vaccine, a non-natural lightly protected tetrasaccharide was designed for compatibility with (i) serotype-specific glucosylations and O-acetylations defining S. flexneri O-antigens, (ii) recognition by suitable α-transglucosylases, and (iii) programmed oligomerization following enzymatic α-d-glucosylation. (pasteur.fr)
  • LPS-BIOSCIENCES has been providing the world leaders in vaccine pharmaceutical industry with tailor made antigens from Lipopolysaccharides. (lpsbiosciences.com)
  • The working group also addressed the number of antigens and injections that should be administered at each visit, the number of visits required for children by 2 years of age, the availability of combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTP)-Hib vaccines, and the capacity of the schedule to accommodate newly licensed vaccines (e.g., varicella vaccine). (cdc.gov)
RBCs3
  • No type 1 oligosaccharide is found on RBCs. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is based on the premise that individuals have antigens on their red blood cells (RBCs) that correspond to the 4 main blood groups: A, B, O, or AB. (medscape.com)
  • ABO antigens are expressed on RBCs, platelets, and endothelial cells and are present in body fluids. (medscape.com)
Mucins1
  • Changes in the sequence of glycosylation of mucins in different settings generate a variety of epitopes in the oligosaccharide side chains of mucins, including newly expressed blood-group antigens, distinguishing between normal and diseased states. (bmj.com)
Capsular1
  • Encapsulated strains are divided, on the basis of capsular antigens, into 6 serotypes designated a through f . (medscape.com)
Tailor-made1
  • Progress in glycoscience is strongly dependent on the availability of broadly diverse tailor-made, well-defined, and often complex oligosaccharides. (pasteur.fr)
Chains2
  • These oligosaccharide chains are similar to the type II chains of the ABO blood system, with a single bond in a different position. (wikipedia.org)
  • The oligosaccharide chains of glycoprotein and glycolipid are often terminated by sialic acids, which play intensely important role in regulating physiologically and pathologically interactions with ligands [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Strains3
  • O antigen clusters from two serogroup O58 S. enterica strains had approximately 85 % identity with the E. coli O123 O antigen region over their entire length, suggesting that these Salmonella and E. coli O antigen regions evolved from a common ancestor. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The presence of one oligosaccharide, called the H1-antigen, is required for attachment by many norovirus strains. (mightynatural.com)
  • People who do not make H1-antigen in their intestinal cells make up 20% of the European-derived population and are resistant to many strains of norovirus . (mightynatural.com)
FUT21
  • This is because the activity of the FUT2 enzyme is more efficient than the FUT3 enzyme, so the type I oligosaccharide chain is mostly converted into Le-b instead of Le-a. (wikipedia.org)
Galactose1
  • Alpha-2-L-fucosyltransferase is the enzyme responsible for adding fructose to the primary galactose of the oligosaccharide chain. (medscape.com)
Bodily fluids1
  • People who have the Le allele and who are non-secretors (homozygous for the nonfunctional se allele) will express the Le-a antigen in their bodily fluids and on their erythrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Antibody1
  • HMB45 antibody reacts with a neuraminidase-sensitive oligosaccharide side chain of a glycoconjugate present in immature melanosomes. (micro-shop.pl)
Microbial2
  • BCR crosslinking in the absence of complementarity is a superantigen effect induced by some microbial products to subvert production of antigen-specific immune responses. (harvard.edu)
  • It demonstrates the potential of appropriately planned chemoenzymatic pathways involving non-natural acceptors and low-cost donor/transglucosylase systems to achieve the demanding regioselective α-d-glucosylation of large substrates, paving the way to microbial oligosaccharides of vaccinal interest. (pasteur.fr)
Coli2
  • An understanding of both the genetic and structural composition of Salmonella and E. coli O antigens is necessary for the development of novel molecular methods for serotyping these organisms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Immune1
  • During more recent years, his reseach has been conducted in the field of regenerative medicine, focussed on antigen expression and immune recognition of human embryonic stem cells and bioartificial heart valves, the latter tissues being of animal origin. (gu.se)
Expression2
  • Blood group phenotypes relating to expression of ABO antigens in individual kidneys were identified. (gu.se)
  • Based on A antigen expression, a hypothesis explaining why blood group A2 kidneys could be successfully transplanted to O recipients was postulated. (gu.se)
Biochemical1
  • Further research to identify differences in the biochemical composition of blood group antigens, and the relationship to risks for disease, can be important for the identification of targets for the development of nutritional intervention strategies, or the identification of druggable targets. (rti.org)
Structure2
Proteins1
  • Specific nongluten proteins of wheat are novel target antigens in celiac disease humoral response. (medscape.com)
Vivo1
  • Fructo-oligosaccharides Ameliorate Intestinal Mechanical Barrier Injury in Piglets Induced by Soybean Antigen in vitro and in vivo . (bvsalud.org)
Outer1
  • The outer membrane lipo-oligosaccharides also contribute to the degree of virulence. (medscape.com)
Core2
  • In this case you would be targeting the O-antigen or core oligosaccharide. (stackexchange.com)
  • Convergent Chemoenzymatic Strategy to Deliver a Diversity of Shigella flexneri Serotype-Specific O-Antigen Segments from a Unique Lightly Protected Tetrasaccharide Core. (pasteur.fr)
Produces1
Contrast1
  • In contrast, the H-2D(k) antigen is transported slowly with a half-time of 4-5 h. (johnshopkins.edu)
Type3
Present1
  • The HMB45-reactive antigen is present in cutaneous melanocytes, prenatal and infantile retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and melanoma cells. (micro-shop.pl)
High1