• The importance of glycosylation of Env in HIV-1 was ascertained by synthesizing the glycoprotein in the presence of a glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole viral target of bnAbs, but is also targeted by binding, non-neutralizing antibodies. (plos.org)
  • Results from this trial showed that immune responses directed against specific regions V1V2 of the viral envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 of HIV-1, were inversely correlated to the risk of HIV-1 infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dystrophin associates with a number of proteins to form a large oligomeric complex named the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges across the sarcolemma and connects the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton (Allamand and Campbell, (2000) Human Molecular Genetics 9:2459-2467). (justia.com)
  • Analysis of the structure and sequence of several different env genes suggests that Env proteins are type 1 fusion machines. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Env proteins of the Avian Sarcoma and Leukosis virus (ASLV) and the Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) are both trimers of SU-TM heterodimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, antibodies to the envelope (ENV) precursor protein gp160 and the final ENV proteins (gp120 and gp41) can be detected in specimens from virtually all HIV-infected persons regardless of clinical stage (4-9). (cdc.gov)
  • Viral proteins that assemble into oligomeric ION CHANNELS which can facilitate the transfer of viral materials across the CELL MEMBRANE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the low production of gp120 proteins in CHO cells (2-20 mg/L), cleavage sites in V1V2 loops (A244) and V3 loop (MN) causing heterogeneous antigen products, it was an urgent need to generate CHO cells harboring A244 gp120 with high production yields and an additional, homogenous and uncleaved subtype B gp120 protein to replace MN used in RV144 for the future clinical trials. (bvsalud.org)
  • Env is a viral gene that encodes the protein forming the viral envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mature product of the env gene is the viral spike protein, which has two main parts: the surface protein (SU) and the transmembrane protein (TM). (wikipedia.org)
  • The Env protein of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) also has a trimeric structure of heterodimers. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is believed that the intracellular transport of the nascent protein depends, to some extent, on the oligomerization of Env precursors, which allows hydrophobic sequences to be buried inside the protein structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The addition of oligosaccharides is believed to play a role in the proper folding of Env, presumably by stabilizing the protein structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The env gene codes for the gp160 protein which forms a homotrimer, and is cleaved into gp120 and gp41 by the host cell protease, furin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Experimental deletion of rev resulted in the inability to detect the Env protein and levels of env mRNA in the cell cytoplasm were significantly diminished. (wikipedia.org)
  • The HIV-1 Vpu protein is an oligomeric integral membrane protein essential for particle release, viral load and CD4 degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, since the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Europe, serious safety concerns regarding the potential risk of contamination of prion, the pathogen causing BSE, in bovine protein products have been raised. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The retroviral glycoproteins are oligomeric complexes that are composed of SU-TM heterodimers, which are made in the endoplasmic reticulum after the translation of the glycosylated Env precursor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibodies to the polymerase (POL) gene products (p31, p51, and p66) are also commonly detected if these antigens are present on the Western blot strips. (cdc.gov)
  • Env-based immunogens tested so far in various animal species and humans have elicited binding and autologous neutralizing antibodies but not bNAbs (with a few notable exceptions). (plos.org)
  • Thus, our current understanding on how the expansion of particular B cell lineages by Env may be linked to the development of non-neutralizing antibodies is limited. (plos.org)
  • The two forms were equally immunogenic, but only the latter elicited neutralizing antibodies by stimulating a more restricted expansion of B cells to a narrower set of IGH/IGK/IGL-V genes that represented a small fraction (0.003-0.02%) of total B cells. (plos.org)
  • We report that the variable domains of recombinant HIV-1 Env immunogens activate a large number of B cell clones that give rise to many non-neutralizing antibodies, and that removing the variable domains from the immunogen reduces the number of activated B cell lineages and leads to the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies, a step towards bNAb-production. (plos.org)
  • While there are significant differences in sequence of the env gene between retroviruses, the gene is always located downstream of gag, pro, and pol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our study provides new information on how Env antigenic differences drastically affect the expansion of particular B cell lineages and supports immunogen-design efforts aiming at stimulating the expansion of cells expressing particular B cell receptors. (plos.org)
  • The sequences of the constructs were first gene-optimized for vector expression and synthesized, representing in total 186 expression clones. (europa.eu)
  • However, when total cellular RNA was analyzed, env RNA totals were not significantly different in the presence and absence of rev coexpression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Coenzyme A (CoA) is an important cellular metabolite that is critical for metabolic processes and the regulation of gene expression. (mdpi.com)
  • While both of these primate model studies demonstrated protective effects of mucosal IgAs, the RV144 clinical trial identified plasma IgA responses to HIV Env as risk factors for increased HIV acquisition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of the env gene enables retroviruses to target and attach to specific cell types, and to infiltrate the target cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Env can be modified by the addition of mannose-rich oligosaccharides, a process that takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and is carried out by the enzymes of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • These approaches provide limited information on the ontogenies and clonal B cell lineages that expand following Env-immunization. (plos.org)
  • The env mRNA must be spliced for expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Env expression is regulated by the gene product of rev. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was found that without rev expression, there was a marked increase in nuclear env RNA, which suggests that rev plays an important role in the nuclear export of env mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • This results in inhibition of NFκB activity and the NFκB-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes of the Bcl-2 family [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, concerns regarding the potential risk of prion contamination in bovine products and carcinogenic potential of phthalate derivatives were raised. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The role of rev was further elucidated when it was found that rev acts in trans to target a specific sequence present in the env gene of HIV-1 to initiate export of incompletely spliced HIV-1 RNA from the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a secondary analysis of RV144, plasma IgA decreased the in vitro ADCC activity of vaccine-induced, Env-specific IgG with the same epitope specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A download Hanging Sam: A Military Biography of General Samuel T. Williams: From Pancho Villa to of residues are experienced regulated for the high 3-phosphate by which SP1 assemblies present to connected formation phagosome by UCP1 in transmembrane C1q-mediated fusion momenta, and preferentially by the intracellular genes as Once. (evakoch.com)
  • Despite general consensus on the importance of eWOM and the ability of critical reviews to influence product sales, very little is known about the mediation between critical reviews and user reviews. (bvsalud.org)
  • Env is a viral gene that encodes the protein forming the viral envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • An increasing number of broadly neutralizing monoclonal Abs (mAbs) against HIV have been identified in recent years and have illuminated new neutralizing epitopes on the envelope (Env) glycoprotein complex. (plos.org)
  • The effectiveness of these recombinant VSV vectors was illustrated in experiments in which sequential boosting of mice with the three vectors, all encoding the same primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein, gave a fourfold increase in antibody titer to an oligomeric HIV envelope compared with the response in animals receiving the same vector three times. (nih.gov)
  • The retroviral glycoproteins are oligomeric complexes that are composed of SU-TM heterodimers, which are made in the endoplasmic reticulum after the translation of the glycosylated Env precursor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Env can be modified by the addition of mannose-rich oligosaccharides, a process that takes place in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and is carried out by the enzymes of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, a soluble form of SIV Env (gp140) forms a nearly homogeneous population of trimers. (nih.gov)
  • When expressed as recombinant full-length Abs, a subset of these novel Abs exhibited the binding profiles of QtAbs, as they either failed to bind to monomeric Env protein or showed much higher affinity for Env trimers and VLPs. (plos.org)
  • These QtAbs bound pre-fusion forms of antigen and showed differential binding kinetics depending on whether oligomers were produced as recombinant gp140 trimers or as full-length Env incorporated into VLPs. (plos.org)
  • It has been postulated that targeting of conformational epitopes on mature Env trimers may be necessary to neutralize HIV. (plos.org)
  • Another idea currently under evaluation is the use of a gene therapy-type strategy described as antibody gene transfer, in which an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector is employed to deliver a gene encoding a bNAb (or bNAbs) into muscle tissue. (i-base.info)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: beta Actin Loading Control Monoclonal Antibody (BA3R) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-15739, RRID AB_10979409. (thermofisher.com)
  • The blots were probed with Anti-beta Actin Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Product # MA5-15739-1MG, 1:1000. (thermofisher.com)
  • Proteínas virales que se ensamblan en CANALES IÓNICOS oligoméricos que pueden facilitar la transferencia de material viral a través de la MEMBRANA CELULAR. (bvsalud.org)
  • Detailed epitope mapping studies revealed that two of the four epitopes were located in the gp41 subunit of Env. (plos.org)
  • Here, we describe the oligomeric structure of soluble, uncleaved HIV-1 gp140 and modifications that promote a stable trimeric structure. (nih.gov)
  • Biochemical and biophysical analyses, including sedimentation equilibrium and scanning transmission electron microscopy, revealed that unmodified HIV-1 gp140 purified as a heterogeneous range of oligomeric species, including dimers and aggregates. (nih.gov)
  • While there are significant differences in sequence of the env gene between retroviruses, the gene is always located downstream of gag, pro, and pol. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of rev was further elucidated when it was found that rev acts in trans to target a specific sequence present in the env gene of HIV-1 to initiate export of incompletely spliced HIV-1 RNA from the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was found that without rev expression, there was a marked increase in nuclear env RNA, which suggests that rev plays an important role in the nuclear export of env mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The oligomeric structure of Env is maintained, but is less stable, after cleavage in a Golgi compartment and transport to the surface of infected cells. (nih.gov)
  • Functional, virion-associated HIV-1 and SIV Env have an almost exclusively trimeric structure. (nih.gov)
  • Antibodies to the polymerase (POL) gene products (p31, p51, and p66) are also commonly detected if these antigens are present on the Western blot strips. (cdc.gov)
  • Reports are generated from the commonly tracked metrics related to these products. (nih.gov)
  • This invention claims Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA), a replication-deficient strain of vaccinia virus, expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) env, gag, and pol genes, where the genes are isolated from Ugandan Clade D isolates, Kenyan Clade A isolates, and Tanzanian Clade C isolates. (nih.gov)