Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. (nature.com)
Fig. 7: Spontaneous Ca 2+ transients in OPCs progressively decline as they differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes. (nature.com)
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells, NG2-glia, O2A cells, or polydendrocytes, are a subtype of glia in the central nervous system named for their essential role as precursors to oligodendrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
The loss or lack of OPCs, and consequent lack of differentiated oligodendrocytes, is associated with a loss of myelination and subsequent impairment of neurological functions. (wikipedia.org)
OPCs comprise approximately 3-4% of cells in grey matter and 8-9% in white matter, making them the fourth largest group of glia after astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
As development progresses, second and third waves of OPCs originate from Gsh2-expressing cells in the lateral and caudal ganglionic eminences and generate the majority of adult oligodendrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Upon demyelination, new oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and OLs can be generated and partial myelin repair can take place ( Franklin & Ffrench-Constant, 2017 ). (biorxiv.org)
Differentiate2
The results show that lysophosphatidic acid signalling pathways influence retraction of processes in oligodendrocyte precursors but that this effect changes as oligodendrocytes differentiate. (nih.gov)
They differentiate into the less mobile premyelinating oligodendrocytes that further differentiate into oligodendrocytes, a process characterized by the emergence of the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), or myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). (wikipedia.org)
Cells9
We demonstrate here that lysophosphatidic acid induces process retraction in central glia-4 cells and oligodendrocyte precursors. (nih.gov)
Typically, cells originating from the posterior and dorsomedial SVZ produce more oligodendrocytes owing to increased exposure to posterior Shh signaling and dorsal Wnt signaling which favors OPC specification, in contrast to ventral Bmp signaling which inhibits it. (wikipedia.org)
It's a progressively disabling disease caused by the immune system attacking a protective layer called myelin - made by cells called oligodendrocytes - that surround and insulate nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord. (thenakedscientists.com)
But, there is evidence that, if the immune assault can be curtailed, a population of dormant brainstem cells, called oligodendrocyte precursors, can replace the lost myelin-making oligodendrocytes, leading to the re-insulation of the neurones denuded by the disease symptomatic improvement. (thenakedscientists.com)
Now, by screening over 100,000 different drugs, a team in California have uncovered one that strongly stimulates the production of new myelin-producing cells, known as oligodendrocytes, leading to the repair of MS brain lesions. (thenakedscientists.com)
Benztropine works by blocking the action of a nerve signalling chemical called acetyl choline, which also keeps the oligodendrocyte precursors cells that make myelin in a quiescent state. (thenakedscientists.com)
Interrupting this suppressive signal with benzotropine awakens the stem cells, triggering them to multiply and turn into new oligodendrocytes. (thenakedscientists.com)
The team made the discovery by incubating the precursor cells with drug molecules in a culture dish before looking for markers of myelin production. (thenakedscientists.com)
Promising leads were then tested further by growing precursors cells alongside cultured neurones and looking for evidence of successful myelination. (thenakedscientists.com)
Receptors2
RT-PCR and Western blot analyses indicate that oligodendrocyte precursors and mature oligodendrocytes express mRNA and protein for LPA1, one of several LPA receptors. (nih.gov)
Thus lysophosphatidic acid may be signalling to Rho and stimulating actomyosin contraction in precursor oligodendrocytes by this family of receptors. (nih.gov)
Glia2
Processes of differentiated central glia-4 oligodendrocytes were insensitive to lysophosphatidic acid treatment but cell bodies became phase dark, indicating cell spreading on the poly-l-lysine substratum. (nih.gov)
Virtually all of the neurons and glia that populate the mature brain arise from neural precursors (NPs) that reside immediately adjacent to the lateral ventricles. (karger.com)
Myelination2
The tetraspanin KAI1/CD82 is expressed by late-lineage oligodendrocyte precursors and may function to restrict precursor migration and promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. (genscript.com)
CD82 appears to be a critical molecule in the regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor migration and myelination. (genscript.com)
Multiple sclerosis1
In demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), myelin sheaths produced by oligodendrocytes (OL) are destroyed by the immune system, resulting in OL death and axonal degeneration and, ultimately, in both physical and neurological disabilities ( Duncan & Radcliff, 2016 ). (biorxiv.org)
Mice1
We performed gain and loss of function studies for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and showed a depletion of NSCs, a subset of multipotential neural precursors and immature oligodendrocytes in LIF null mice. (karger.com)
Rapid1
Rapid production of new oligodendrocytes is required in the earliest stages of motor-skill learning. (nature.com)
Population1
A mixed population of neuronal and glial restricted precursors (NRP/GRP) derived from the embryonic spinal cord of alkaline phosphatase (AP) transgenic rats were grafted acutely into a DC lesion at C1. (jneurosci.org)
Progenitor7
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells, NG2-glia, O2A cells, or polydendrocytes, are a subtype of glia in the central nervous system named for their essential role as precursors to oligodendrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
During development, oligodendrocytes (OLGs), the myelinating cells of the CNS, undergo a stepwise progression during which OLG progenitors, specified from neural stem/progenitor cells, differentiate into fully mature myelinating OLGs. (jneurosci.org)
14. Neural and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: transferrin effects on cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
Here we report that a thyroid hormone (T 3 )-free window, with or without a demyelinating insult, provides a favorable environment for SVZ-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor generation. (elifesciences.org)
Three-dimensional reconstruction magnetic resonance image of rat spinal cord shows distribution of magnetically tagged cells 10 days after the tagged oligodendrocyte progenitor cells were injected into a myelin-deficient animal. (nih.gov)
Beyond the tracking of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells injected into the rat LDRR s starting point Frank envisions the technique being used to trace a variety of stem cells and transgenic cells that have been harvested, cultured, or manipulated in some way outside the body and then injected back in. (nih.gov)
The team has been able to follow magtagged oligodendrocyte progenitor cells for 42 days after transplantation into the rat. (nih.gov)
Progenitors3
10. Asymmetry-defective oligodendrocyte progenitors are glioma precursors. (nih.gov)
After demyelination, oligodendrocytes derived from these newly-formed progenitors provide functional remyelination, restoring normal conduction. (elifesciences.org)
Moreover, EGFR + oligodendrocyte progenitors, but not neuroblasts, express high levels of a T 3 -inactivating deiodinase, Dio3. (elifesciences.org)
Neurons3
Radial glia (RG) generates neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes in a spatial and temporal pattern, in which Notch represses neurogenesis, maintaining the self-renewal potential of RG. (intechopen.com)
Driving neurons and oligodendrocytes commitment and development of transplanted NSCs should largely promote the success of transplantation therapy for EAE. (hindawi.com)
Myelin3
They give rise to oligodendrocytes, which then ensheath axons and provide electrical insulation in the form of a myelin sheath. (wikipedia.org)
They differentiate into the less mobile premyelinating oligodendrocytes that further differentiate into oligodendrocytes, a process characterized by the emergence of the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), or myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). (wikipedia.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The formation of the axon insulating and supporting myelin sheath by differentiating oligodendrocytes (OLGs) in the CNS is considered an essential step during vertebrate development. (jneurosci.org)
Maturation1
Thyroid hormone (T3) is required for production and maturation of oligodendrocytes and proper myelination [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Generation1
Moreover, NSCs from EAE animals show a strong limitation in oligodendrocyte generation, which is completely recovered by T3 treatment [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Main1
Hence, in this review, we extensively discuss endangerments of NO in oligodendrocytes (OLs), which is suggested to be the main mediator in demyelinating diseases, e.g. (degruyter.com)