Olfactory receptor genes and proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily F member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR4F5 gene. (wikipedia.org)

In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
When smelly molecules waft over the olfactory epithelium inside the nose, they bind to receptors on neurons, triggering electrical impulses that travel to the olfactory bulb in the brain. (newscientist.com)
Medical School in Boston, isolated the gene family that codes for all the receptor proteins in the mammalian olfactory epithelium. (newscientist.com)
Accordingly, we hypothesized that there would be significant changes in gene expression in the olfactory epithelium specifically related to smoltification and sampled olfactory rosettes from hatchery-reared upper growth modal juvenile Atlantic salmon at three-week intervals from January to June, using lower growth modal non-smolting siblings as controls. (datadryad.org)
Treatment of pre-smolts with triiodothyronine in vivo and ex vivo had, however, only subtle effects on the investigated olfactory targets, questioning the hypothesis that thyroid hormones directly regulate gene expression in the olfactory epithelium. (datadryad.org)
Olfactory epithelium from upper/lower mode salmon sampled during smoltification from January to June. (datadryad.org)
This is a large group of genes expressed only in the cell membranes of the olfactory epithelium. (fapesp.br)
If this first stage of the investigation reveals sufficient evidence to confirm a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and loss of smell, the group will extend the analysis to try to understand how the virus affects the functioning of the olfactory epithelium. (fapesp.br)
One possibility would be to analyze samples from infected patients and see if the structure of the olfactory epithelium is altered in these individuals," Malnic said. (fapesp.br)
Experiments with cultured cells and animal models may also be conducted to understand how the virus acts on the olfactory epithelium. (fapesp.br)
Among vertebrates, the sense of smell is mediated by olfactory receptors (ORs) expressed in sensory neurons within the olfactory epithelium [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins ( RECEPTORS, ODORANT ) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. (lookformedical.com)
These neurons send their DENDRITES to the surface of the epithelium with the odorant receptors residing in the apical non-motile cilia . (lookformedical.com)
It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB . (lookformedical.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 was extensively detected by IHC within turbinate epithelium, with decreased detection in lower respiratory tract epithelium and alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
level in olfactory epithelium is the most appropriate internal dose measure for use in risk assessment for this endpoint. (cdc.gov)

As humans age, the number of olfactory neurons steadily decreases. (medscape.com)
Neurons with the same receptors at their ends run to the same pair of nodes, or glomeruli, in the olfactory bulb. (newscientist.com)
The more kinds of active receptors present in the sensory neurons of the nasal cavity, the greater the capacity to detect low concentrations of odorant. (blogspot.com)
The research team can activate single receptor neurons out of 28 olfactory neurons in the larvae for this sensory perception. (sciencedaily.com)
The olfactory neurons of the only one millimeter sized genetically modified Drosophila larvae are all capable of producing the protein that is activated by light. (sciencedaily.com)
The experiment shows that it is possible by inserting photo activated proteins into neurons photo stimulation can produce an olfactory behavior in these larvae , whereas genetically unchanged larvae generally avoid light. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers now plan to use the same principle to undertake further studies on adult Drosophila, equipping them with photo-activated proteins to cause targeted isolated cerebral neurons to react. (sciencedaily.com)
There are approximately 400 different types of olfactory receptors located on the tips of specialized neurons in the nasal cavity 2 . (helix.com)
Humans have between 6-10 million of these neurons, each one using a single type of olfactory receptor which detects specific types of chemicals 1 . (helix.com)
Focusing initially on the functioning of olfactory neurons and olfactory epithelial cells, in the months ahead the researchers will devote part of their time and effort to an investigation of the correlation between infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the development of anosmia, the technical term for loss of smell. (fapesp.br)
We could use in situ hybridization [ a technique that detects target mRNAs in individual cells in a section of tissue ] to determine whether olfactory neurons survive infection. (fapesp.br)
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are small proteins secreted by auxiliary cells surrounding olfactory receptor neurons in the antennae of insects. (frontiersin.org)
conclude that for this species at least, dim red light is sufficient to cause olfactory receptor neurons in the antennae of males to become hypersensitive to components of the female sex pheromone, ultimately promoting reproductive behaviors in the adults moths. (frontiersin.org)
Prokineticin 2 and its receptor play a role in the development of a group of nerve cells that are specialized to process smells (olfactory neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
These neurons move (migrate) from the developing nose to a structure in the front of the brain called the olfactory bulb, which is critical for the perception of odors. (medlineplus.gov)
Studies suggest that a loss of this signaling disrupts the migration and survival of olfactory neurons and GnRH-producing neurons in the developing brain. (medlineplus.gov)
These chemosensory GPCRs are expressed in highly specialized cells, the olfactory sensory neurons of the nose. (aspetjournals.org)
Each one of these neurons expresses a single OR gene out of the complete repertoire of genes. (aspetjournals.org)
Olfactory marker protein is uniquely associated with the mature olfactory receptor neurons in many vertebrate species from fish to man. (empiregenomics.com)
Olfactory receptor neurons. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons , that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons . (lookformedical.com)
The ability to detect scents or odors , such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS . (lookformedical.com)
A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. (lookformedical.com)

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. (wikipedia.org)
To stimulate the olfactory receptors, airborne molecules must pass through the nasal cavity with relatively turbulent air currents and contact the receptors. (medscape.com)
These conclusions are based on the assumption that each olfactory receptor can bind to a single odorant molecule-or a small number of related molecules. (blogspot.com)
Closely related olfactory receptors molecules tend to bind similar odorants. (blogspot.com)
OR2M7 is among many olfactory genes that code for olfactory receptors, which are proteins that detect airborne molecules and initiate a relay of signaling back to the brain. (helix.com)
Similarly, changes in the DNA can also cause the olfactory receptors to recognize different molecules, or to be less sensitive to those molecules 1 . (helix.com)
The main aim of the project is to study the genes that encode the olfactory receptors [ proteins that bind to odorant molecules ]. (fapesp.br)
The olfactory system is a highly-specialised chemical recognition system that, like the immune system, is capable of discriminating with tremendous sensitivity between numerous foreign molecules in the environment. (embl.de)

OR4F5 is the first protein coding gene on human chromosome 1. (wikipedia.org)
The OR11H7P gene is part of a large cluster of olfactory receptor genes on chromosome 14. (blogspot.com)
In a genome-wide screen for putative tumor suppressor genes, the EBF3 locus on the human chromosome 10q26.3 was found to be deleted or methylated in 73% of the examined cases of brain tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Almost all (group γ-c) OR genes mapped to the unknown chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)

Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)
Odorants diffuse into the mucous and are transported to the olfactory receptor. (medscape.com)
The authors then tried to correlate ability to detect low levels of these odorants with the presence of specific markers for alleles of olfactory receptor genes. (blogspot.com)
The detection of odorants is mediated by olfactory receptors (ORs). (biomedcentral.com)
Olfactory transduction is believed to be initiated by the binding of odorants to specific receptor proteins in the cilia of olfactory receptor cells. (embl.de)

Personal receptor repertoires: olfaction as a model. (nih.gov)
Olfaction is one of the most primitive of our senses, and the olfactory receptors that mediate this very important chemical sense comprise the largest family of genes in the mammalian genome. (duke.edu)
Conductive olfaction and nose to brain drug delivery are important processes that remain limited by inadequate odorant or drug delivery to the olfactory airspace. (duke.edu)
The results demonstrate a direct link between phenotpypic variation in human olfaction and olfactory receptor gene polymorphisms. (blogspot.com)
A suite of olfactory receptors and receptor-specific proteins involved in functional aspects of olfaction and peripheral odor memorization was analyzed by qPCR. (datadryad.org)

The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. (wikipedia.org)
Their higher-quality sequencing data, which gives improved coverage of the entire genome especially the gene-rich regions means all scientists will now be better equipped to search for the genetic causes of disease and investigate the genome s structure and evolution. (technologyreview.com)
The final draft, however, accurately represents 99 percent of these gene-heavy genome regions. (technologyreview.com)
The number of genes in the genome was once estimated at near 100,000 and reëstimated at about 30,000 in 2001, but the new draft suggests that it is in fact somewhere between 20,000 and 25,000. (technologyreview.com)
The more-complete sequence does allow scientists to draw some immediate conclusions about the genome, particularly about the mechanisms of gene evolution. (technologyreview.com)
Mice have about 1000 genes for olfactory receptors and this single gene family accounts for about 4% of all the genes in the mouse genome. (blogspot.com)
In fact, there are nearly 1,000 genes coding for olfactory proteins-that's more than any other group of genes in the entire genome 1 . (helix.com)
We identified a larger number and a substantially higher proportion of intact OR gene homologs in the chicken genome than previously reported (214 versus 82 genes and 66% versus 15%, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
The hierarchical levels of genome architecture exert transcriptional control by tuning the accessibility and proximity of genes and regulatory elements. (biomedcentral.com)
The OR genes are spread throughout the genome, and can be found in clusters or as solitary genes in almost all chromosomes. (aspetjournals.org)

Genetic Basis of Olfactory Cognition: Extremely High Level of DNA Sequence Polymorphism in Promoter Regions of the Human Olfactory Receptor Genes Revealed Using the 1000 Genomes Project Dataset. (helix.com)
Protein haplotypes were calculated using the 1000 genomes project as described in Olender T. et. (weizmann.ac.il)
The mouse OR gene family is composed of ∼1000 OR genes, and the human OR gene family is composed of ∼400 OR genes. (aspetjournals.org)

The sense of smell is mediated through stimulation of the olfactory receptor cells by volatile chemicals. (medscape.com)
For example, most mammals have hundreds of genes that code for olfactory receptors, proteins that help us smell. (utah.edu)
It's quite likely that many people reading this blog can't smell isovaleric acid at low concentrations because they don't have one of the olfactory receptors for that ligand [ A Sense of Smell: Olfactory Receptors ]. (blogspot.com)
Some people report that their urine has a deeply unpleasant smell after consuming asparagus, and their OR2M7 gene may be to blame! (helix.com)
Although it's an important system, scientists don't yet know exactly how it works, in part because the olfactory system (the collection of cells and organs that allow us to smell) is extremely complex and diverse. (helix.com)
It is somewhat unclear how genetic variants affect a person's sense of smell, because olfactory systems are very difficult to recreate in the research lab. (helix.com)
Large scale genetic studies have offered up some interesting insights into how our sense of smell works, though, including evidence that genetic variation in the OR2M7 gene can help determine if a person noticed an unpleasant smell in their urine after eating asparagus 3 . (helix.com)
A candidate gene is one that's likely responsible for a given trait-in this case, the ability to smell methanethiol-but scientists don't yet have conclusive proof. (helix.com)
At least 16 mutations in the PROK2 gene have been identified in people with Kallmann syndrome, a disorder characterized by the combination of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (a condition affecting the production of hormones that direct sexual development) and an impaired sense of smell. (medlineplus.gov)
If olfactory nerve cells do not extend to the olfactory bulb, a person's sense of smell will be impaired or absent. (medlineplus.gov)
The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell . (lookformedical.com)
[ 2 , 3 ] Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding FGFR1 have also been described in individuals with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, normal smell sense, and normal MRI of the olfactory system. (medscape.com)

Search on a gene symbol or gene name keyword(s). (jax.org)

LM aerosols also specifically decreased the mRNA expression of the olfactory marker protein (Omp) and tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) in the olfactory bulb. (cdc.gov)
Dat), as well as, dopamine D2 receptor (Drd2) in the olfactory bulb. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, HM aerosols induced the expression of Th and dopamine D5 receptor (Drd5) mRNAs, elicited neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier-related changes in the olfactory bulb, but did not alter the expression of Omp. (cdc.gov)
Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN . (lookformedical.com)
The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses , forming the olfactory glomeruli. (lookformedical.com)
The accessory olfactory bulb , which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here. (lookformedical.com)

If this assumption is correct then it should be possible to identify specific olfactory receptor genes that are responsible for the diversity in odor detection. (blogspot.com)
We hypothesize that the radiation of the group γ-c OR genes in each bird lineage parallels the evolution of specific olfactory sensory functions. (biomedcentral.com)

The following LOC466613 gene cDNA ORF clone sequences were retrieved from the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq). (genscript.com)
These sequences represent the protein coding region of the LOC466613 cDNA ORF which is encoded by the open reading frame (ORF) sequence. (genscript.com)
The information is based on AceView gene models, constructed from cDNA sequences. (weizmann.ac.il)

This result strongly suggests that e.g. ecological niche adaptations such as daily activity patterns can lead to different olfactory abilities in close relatives [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A unified nomenclature for vertebrate olfactory receptors. (jax.org)
ORs are G-protein coupled receptors that form a remarkably large protein superfamily in vertebrate genomes. (biomedcentral.com)

The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The nomenclature assigned to theolfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism isindependent of other organisms. (prosci-inc.com)

For example, the researchers examined gene death, a natural process occurring over many generations in which genes acquire debilitating mutations. (technologyreview.com)
In 1998, Dominique Giorgi of the Institute of Human Genetics in Montpellier, France, and colleagues reported that more than 70 percent of the human genes encoding olfactory receptors-the cell-surface proteins used to detect smells-possess disabling mutations. (sciencenews.org)
Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
Researchers estimate that mutations in the PROK2 and PROKR2 genes together account for about 9 percent of all cases of Kallmann syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
Most of the PROK2 gene mutations that cause Kallmann syndrome change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in prokineticin 2. (medlineplus.gov)
These mutations disrupt the protein's activity, affecting its ability to bind to its receptor to send signals normally. (medlineplus.gov)
Some affected individuals have mutations in one of several other genes in addition to PROK2 , and these genetic changes may contribute to the varied features of the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations of the KAL1 gene, which encodes a putative neural cell adhesion molecule (anosmin), have been described in several patients with X-linked Kallmann syndrome. (medscape.com)
Loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) have been described in patients with autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome. (medscape.com)
Mutations of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor 8 have been found in a small minority of patients with autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] In addition, mutations of the gene encoding chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein 7 ( CHD7 ) have been found in some patients with Kallmann syndrome or idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, some of whom have features of the CHARGE syndrome (characterized by delayed growth and development, congenital cardiac defects, dysmorphic ears, hearing loss, coloboma of the eyes). (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] Homozygous, heterozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of the prokineticin receptor 2 have also been associated with Kallmann syndrome. (medscape.com)
3] In addition, mutations of the gene encoding chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) have been found in some patients with Kallmann syndrome or idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
8] Digenic inheritance has been suggested in an individual carrying heterozygous mutations of prokineticin receptor 2 and KAL1. (medscape.com)
Mutations of the DAX1 gene, which encodes a nuclear transcription factor, lead to X-linked idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC). (medscape.com)
10] Mutations of genes encoding either leptin or the leptin receptor underlie isolated cases of autosomally transmitted idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with early-onset obesity. (medscape.com)
11] Several loss-of-function mutations of the GnRH receptor gene leading to GnRH resistance and autosomally transmitted hypogonadotropic hypogonadism have been described. (medscape.com)
12]. In addition, autosomal recessive mutations of the GnRH gene may underlie hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
Rarely, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism occurs as a result of isolated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) deficiency due to homozygous mutations in the FSH beta subunit gene. (medscape.com)
Homozygous mutations in GPR54, a gene encoding a G protein-coupled receptor, which binds kisspeptin 1, have been reported as a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)
13] Inactivating mutations of the gene encoding kisspeptin 1 may also underlie hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medscape.com)

They found about a thousand genes and are now unravelling how the receptors they encode recognise around ten thousand odours. (newscientist.com)

Mice, on the other hand, have around 1,000 such genes, and zebra fish only have about a hundred. (technologyreview.com)
Since each receptor is presumably capable of binding a specific odorant, it seems very likely that mice can detect a large number of different smells. (blogspot.com)

This olfactory receptor gene is a segregating pseudogene, where some individuals have an allele that encodes a functional olfactory receptor, while other individuals have an allele encoding a protein that is predicted to be non-functional. (nih.gov)
It looks like OR11H7P encodes a receptor that binds isovaleric acid. (blogspot.com)

These differences in gene family number are really dramatic, indicating how fast these genes are evolving, says Chad Nusbaum, a coauthor of the Nature paper and codirector of the sequence and analysis program at the Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute. (technologyreview.com)
GenScript guarantees 100% sequence accuracy of all synthetic DNA constructs we deliver, but we do not guarantee protein expression in your experimental system. (genscript.com)
This record is derived from a genomic sequence (NC_006478.4) annotated using gene prediction method: Gnomon, supported by mRNA evidence. (genscript.com)
The OMP gene structure and protein sequence are highly conserved between mouse, rat and human. (empiregenomics.com)
Differing functions, including binding of diverse protein epitopes, viral neutralization, impact on RBD-hACE2 binding, and immunohistochemical staining of infected lung tissue, were correlated with variable gene usage and sequence. (cdc.gov)

A probabilistic classifier for olfactory receptor pseudogenes. (nih.gov)
Humans have about 800 olfactory receptor genes but half of them are pseudogenes. (blogspot.com)
We identified 156 green anole OR genes, including 42 pseudogenes. (biomedcentral.com)
The OR gene repertoire of the two bird species was substantially larger with 479 and 553 OR gene homologs in the chicken and zebra finch, respectively (including 111 and 221 pseudogenes, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we investigated, in females of both D. melanogaster and D. nigrosparsa , the gene expression between animals uninfected and infected with w Mel, using RNA sequencing to see if the two Drosophila species respond to the infection in the same or different ways. (nature.com)

During homing migration, olfactory cues are used for navigation in coastal and freshwater areas, and studies have suggested that the parr-smolt transformation has a sensitive period for imprinting. (datadryad.org)
This notion was recently supported by the finding that the olfactory receptor gene repertoire of the nocturnal kakapo, Strigops habroptilus , that is known to rely heavily on olfactory cues is larger than that of its related, but diurnal relatives (kea, Nestor notabilis , and kaka, Nestor meridionalis ). (biomedcentral.com)

The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. (wikipedia.org)
While most membranous and disease related proteins are regulated by miRNAs, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family is an exception, being mostly unregulated by miRNAs. (frontiersin.org)

Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
We report differential protein levels based on the stage of AD, anatomic specific tau species, as well as differences in TH and NF-H. In addition, exploratory findings were made of the high molecular weight tau species big tau that is unique to peripheral tissues. (bvsalud.org)
The links from physics and chemistry to the thermodynamics of RNA-directed DNA-methylation via RNA-mediated events that link the epigenetic landscape to protein folding that enables increasing organismal complexity via nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled de novo gene Creation may be impossible to describe to those who are not familiar with physics, chemistry, and the molecular biology of biologically-based cause and effect. (perfumingthemind.com)

There was a strong association between ability to detect low levels of isovaleric acid and an allele for OR gene OR11H7P . (blogspot.com)
People who were homozygous for the pseudogene were much less sensitive to isovaleric acid whereas people who had one or two copies of the active gene could detect low levels of isovaleric acid. (blogspot.com)
RNA sequencing is a powerful method to study differential gene expression because it can detect a whole gene expression across particular tissues 1 . (nature.com)
Each olfactory receptor does not seem to detect a single odour. (embl.de)

The external world is perceived via sensory receptors arranged in highly organized systems according to functional strategies, which in turn reflect features of critical importance to both the sense and the animal. (duke.edu)
They are incapable of producing a full-length functional receptor protein. (blogspot.com)
Mammalian Odorant Receptors: Functional Evolution and Variation. (helix.com)
We identified a surprisingly large number of potentially functional avian OR genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, TADs are believed to represent structural chromosomal units that are of functional importance for the regulatory cross talk that determines gene expression programs. (biomedcentral.com)

Several genes were differentially regulated in mature salmon compared to juveniles, suggesting that homing and odor recollection involves a different set of genes than during imprinting. (datadryad.org)
This suggests that olfactory systems have evolved rapidly to enable perception of relevant odor signals. (frontiersin.org)
In my model, experience dependent odor exposure induces the de novo Creation of receptors that allow nutrients to enter the cell. (perfumingthemind.com)

This protein was produced in an in vitro wheat germ expression system that should preserve correct conformational folding that is necessary for biological function. (novusbio.com)
Protein expression is influenced by many factors that may vary between experiments or laboratories. (genscript.com)
Gene expression in juveniles was compared with mature adult salmon of the same genetic strain caught in the river Gudenaa. (datadryad.org)
GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
Significant changes shared by the fly species belong to the expression of genes involved in processes such as oxidation-reduction process, iron-ion binding, and voltage-gated potassium-channel activity. (nature.com)
Different gene expression patterns, shown by tools such as quantitative PCR, microarrays, and high-throughput RNA sequencing, reveal how organisms respond to different environments. (nature.com)
The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
Here we review recent findings that help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying monogenic and monoallelic expression of OR genes. (aspetjournals.org)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)

Olfactory receptors are integral membrane proteins that belong to the seven transmembrane (TM), rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. (embl.de)

An analysis of the selective pressure on the paralogous genes of each γ-c clade revealed that they have been subjected to adaptive evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that duplicated paralogous genes that often changed their function, also diverse in their tendency to be miRNA regulated. (frontiersin.org)

The mammalian olfactory system can recognise some 10 000 different odours. (newscientist.com)

Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. (wikipedia.org)
It is a modulator of the olfactory SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY. (lookformedical.com)

The PROK2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called prokineticin 2. (medlineplus.gov)
This protein interacts with another protein called prokineticin receptor 2 (produced from the PROKR2 gene). (medlineplus.gov)
On the cell surface, prokineticin 2 attaches (binds) to the receptor like a key in a lock. (medlineplus.gov)
Prokineticin 2 and its receptor are produced in many organs and tissues, including the small intestine, certain regions of the brain, and several hormone-producing (endocrine) tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
Prokineticin 2 and its receptor are also involved in the migration of nerve cells that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). (medlineplus.gov)
Several additional functions of prokineticin 2 and its receptor have been discovered. (medlineplus.gov)
Prokineticin 2 and its receptor are active in a region of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which acts as an internal clock that controls circadian rhythms. (medlineplus.gov)

Of greatest interest is the~300 amino acid receptor binding domain (RBD) within the S1 subunit of the spike protein because of its key interaction with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor present on many cell types, especially lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)

In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
PCBP1 is both reasonably highly expressed and has a low Gini coefficient in both tissues and cell lines, and is an excellent novel housekeeping gene. (biorxiv.org)
Although sample sizes were small, these findings are, to our knowledge, the first comparison of these specific protein changes in these tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Histopathology and localization of SARS-CoV-2 and its host cell entry receptor ACE2 in tissues from naturally infected US-farmed mink (Neovison vison). (cdc.gov)
We characterized the pathological findings in 72 mink from US farms with SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, localized SARS-CoV-2 and its host cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in mink respiratory tissues, and evaluated the utility of various test methods and specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection in necropsy tissues. (cdc.gov)

Mutation creates slightly different versions of the same genes, called alleles. (utah.edu)
This approach can be useful when it comes to a gene associated with a disease: the disease allele carries a mutation, a DNA change that compromises the protein's function. (utah.edu)
Mutation creates variations in protein-coding portions of genes that can affect the protein itself. (utah.edu)
Homozygous mutation of this gene does not appear to result in a phenotype. (jax.org)
In one patient, isolated bioinactive luteinizing hormone (LH) was present as a result of a homozygous mutation in the LH beta subunit gene, which prevented binding of LH to its receptor. (medscape.com)
A second patient had a different homozygous mutation in the LH beta subunit gene that prevented LH heterodimerization and secretion. (medscape.com)
In another patient, a mutation in the prohormone convertase gene (PC1) led to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, in addition to extreme obesity, hypocortisolemia, and deficient conversion of proinsulin to insulin. (medscape.com)

We compare genomic models and observe that our protein model outperforms, whereas a unified model improves on both. (frontiersin.org)

Odorant receptors (ORs) interface animals with airborne chemical signals. (frontiersin.org)

Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. (lookformedical.com)

The olfactory receptor gene superfamily of the mouse. (jax.org)

The whole human family is one species with the same genes. (utah.edu)
Instead, one can expect that even closely related species experienced different selection pressures on olfactory abilities. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that protein function is informative across species in predicting post-transcriptional miRNA regulation in living cells. (frontiersin.org)
Degradation of proteins links the byproducts of nutrient-dependent RNA-mediated events from DNA methylation and the metabolism of nutrients to the production of species-specific pheromones. (perfumingthemind.com)

Note: Genetic polymorphisms result in both protein coding and non-coding alleles of this gene. (nih.gov)

Head anatomy with olfactory nerve. (medscape.com)
Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. (lookformedical.com)

The more complete version reveals that humans have a few thousand fewer genes than was previously predicted. (technologyreview.com)
They found that, over time, humans have lost genes that make proteins for smelling. (technologyreview.com)
Today, humans have somewhere around 800 olfactory receptor genes, and only half of them appear to function. (technologyreview.com)

A mouse strain has been genetically modified to express human ACE-2, the protein used by the virus to invade cells. (fapesp.br)
Required for T-cells activation through the antigen receptor. (lu.se)

qPCR on olfactory receptors. (datadryad.org)
these often differ significantly from the 'housekeeping' genes commonly used for normalisation in transcriptomics and qPCR studies. (biorxiv.org)

Understanding how the genes function and interact with each other is much more valuable information, Daly says, which scientists are just starting to gather. (technologyreview.com)
It's important to remember that losing the function of a gene doesn't always affect health. (utah.edu)
Our results demonstrate a conserved function of an odorant receptor in two moths that are phylogenetically and ecologically distant. (frontiersin.org)
This study demonstrated that the Receptor for Activated C-Kinase 1 (RACK1) is important in SC function. (sdbonline.org)

Almost nothing is known about how the olfactory system is wired to the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain. (newscientist.com)
cloned the active gene and inserted it into a frog oocyte detection system. (blogspot.com)
How extensive is the damage done by the coronavirus to the olfactory system, and how long does it last? (fapesp.br)
We could investigate whether these animals exhibit alterations to their olfactory system when infected by the virus," Malnic said. (fapesp.br)

Anatomy18

Organisms12

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Subfamily1

Epithelium16

Neurons23

Molecules8

Chromosome4

Odorants5

Olfaction5

Genome10

10003

Smell12

Symbol1

Bulb6

Specific olfactory2

CDNA3

Different olfactory1

Vertebrate2

Organism2

Mutations21

Encode1

Mice2

Encodes2

Sequence5

Pseudogenes4

Drosophila1

Cues2

GPCR2

Molecular3

Detect4

Functional5

Odor3

Expression9

Coupled receptor family1

Paralogous genes2

Mammalian1

Transduction2

PROKINETICIN7

Epithelial cells1

Tissues5

Mutation7

Genomic1

Airborne1

Impulses1

Superfamily1

Species4

Alleles of this gene1

Nerve2

Humans3

Cells2

QPCR2

Function4

System4