• The current study tested the hypotheses that: 1) breeds vary in postpartum interval to estrus (PPIE) and estrous cycle length, 2) a longer estrous cycle immediately before breeding increased pregnancy rates, and 3) a greater number of cycles before breeding increased conception rates. (unl.edu)
  • When a physiological dose of GnRH was administered at CIDR removal during a synchronization protocol estrus expression, interval to estrus, and conception rates to AI were improved. (usda.gov)
  • Female Jak2 G −/− mice exhibited significantly delayed puberty and first estrus, abnormal estrous cyclicity, and impaired fertility. (jneurosci.org)
  • Heat detection can also be used to monitor onset of puberty in heifers, regularity of estrous cycles in breeding age females, and breeding effectiveness of natural service sires via returns to heat in the cow herd. (msucares.com)
  • Females can have estrous or fertile periods at any time of the year, but they are most common in the spring . (moviecultists.com)
  • In females, the hippocampus, a critical brain region for coordination of learning, memory, and behavior, displays altered physiology and behavioral output across the estrous or menstrual cycle. (wustl.edu)
  • In cattle, a successful hormonal control of estrus requires healthy females of adequate age, weight, and nutrition status. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • According obtained results we could conclude those hormonal treatments didn't change the mains sexual behavior of estrous cycle of equine females. (bvsalud.org)
  • Experiment 2 was designed to evaluate later timing of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) with sex-sorted semen among postpartum beef cows following the 7 and 7 Synch protocol, with the hypothesis that later timing would result in increased pregnancy rates (P/AI) among cows that expressed estrus prior to FTAI. (umsystem.edu)
  • Estrus detection aids (EstrotectTM) were applied to all cows on Day 14, and activation status was recorded at fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) on Day 17. (umsystem.edu)
  • It is absolutely vital to the success of each breeding for the producer to be accurate in estimating the onset of estrus. (missouri.edu)
  • Upon estrus onset (EO) detection, the goats were immediately removed from the pens. (scielo.br)
  • However, even with the use of hormonal protocols, small ruminants present a high degree of estrus onset dispersion( 3 3 Gómez JD, Balasch S, Gómez LD, Martino A, Fernández N. A Comparison between intravaginal progestogen and melatonin implant treatments on the reproductive efficiency of ewes. (scielo.br)
  • Utilizing an estrus synchronization protocol with a sustained use of progesterone before the breeding season advances the onset of puberty within heifers. (msucares.com)
  • 2) Onset of estrus. (extension.org)
  • To obtain a high conception rate and litter size, estrous detection (heat checking) must be done carefully and without fail. (missouri.edu)
  • The importance of estrous detection in an AI system cannot be overemphasized. (missouri.edu)
  • Twice-daily estrous detection is more effective than once-daily detection, although it is also more time- and labor-consuming. (missouri.edu)
  • Estrus detection aids were applied to all cows. (umsystem.edu)
  • The most limiting factor in AI programs is the proper detection in estrus or standing heat. (beefmagazine.com)
  • Time to estrus is more variable than with progesterone suppression, so artificial insemination (AI) should be based on detection of estrus. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Cows should be artificially inseminated between 0 and 20 hours after the second GnRH treatment without estrus detection. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • There are many variations on this protocol, with addition of pretreatments, using steroids, PGF 2α , or GnRH treatments that can be used with or without estrus detection. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • A combination of estrus detection and fixed-time AI may increase e pregnancy rates after AI compared with protocols that use only fixed-time AI. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • But what factors regulate their reproductive cycle? (qualitycage.com)
  • The reproductive cycle in California sea otters is about 12 months. (seaworld.org)
  • Heifers have reached puberty if they have resumed normal estrus function (cycling) after calving (typically 40 days or more postcalving), are free of reproductive disorders or reproductive tract infections, and are open. (msucares.com)
  • Evaluation of cervical mucus and reproductive efficiency of seasonally anovular dairy goats after short-term progestagen-based estrus induction protocols with different gonadotropins. (scielo.br)
  • The use of reproductive biotechniques, such as the application of exogenous hormones, is hereby essential to achieving higher rates of estrus response and synchrony to guarantee the efficiency of a FxTAI program( 2 2 Fonseca JF, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Oliveira MEF, Cruz RC, Esteves L, Paiva MPSLM, Brandão FZ, Mancio AB. (scielo.br)
  • When trying to determine where a mare is at in terms of her cycle or pregnancy, because of the sheer size of the horse, the transducer is placed inside the mareʼs rectum directly overtop of the reproductive tract. (westernhorsereview.com)
  • A comprehensive list of current recommended estrus synchronization protocols utilizing progesterone (CIDR/MGA) can be found on the Beef Reproductive Task Force website ( https://beefrepro.org/ ). (msucares.com)
  • Since mares are seasonal polyestrous and are erratic in their cycles during the transition period from anestrus to the breeding season, we must evaluate the reproductive tract and associated structures in relation to the time or stage of the breeding season. (extension.org)
  • However, as the mare begins to cycle, the reproductive organs undergo dramatic changes. (extension.org)
  • It fails to ovulate due to hormonal abnormalities in some post-partum cows, resulting in a stalled reproductive cycle. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • It is a reproductive cycle that occurs in female dogs, and it is a sign that they are ready to mate and reproduce. (petreader.net)
  • Goats in estrus underwent flexible time artificial insemination (FxTAI) according to EO. (scielo.br)
  • The two or three days that the female is sexually receptive is termed estrus. (missouri.edu)
  • This cycle usually lasts four to five days, with 12 hours of estrus phase, when the female rat is sexually receptive and can mate with a male rat. (qualitycage.com)
  • 629/769) resulting in a greater proportion of cows expressing estrus (82 percent [629/769] versus 64 percent [492/769]), especially among cows with greater DPP. (umsystem.edu)
  • In conclusion, later timing of FTAI following the 7 and 7 Synch protocol failed to improve P/AI of estrous cows inseminated h sex-sorted semen. (umsystem.edu)
  • Cows were classified as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 observed estrous cycles before breeding. (unl.edu)
  • Simmental-sired cows had the shortest PPIE and greatest number of cycles before breeding, whereas Limousin-sired cows had the longest PPIE and least number of cycles before breeding. (unl.edu)
  • Cows with a greater number of cycles before breeding did not have greater conception rates than cows that had not exhibited standing estrus before breeding (P = 0.87). (unl.edu)
  • In cows that cycled before breeding, the length of the estrous cycle immediately before breeding was influenced by dam breed and BCS (P (unl.edu)
  • Cows out of Hereford dams had shorter estrous cycles than cows out of MARC III or Angus dams, and estrous cycle length increased as BCS increased. (unl.edu)
  • Therefore, previously anestrous cows were just as likely to conceive as cows that had cycled before breeding, and an increased number of observed estrous cycles before breeding did not increase conception rates. (unl.edu)
  • Conception rate decreased as length of the estrous cycle immediately before breeding increased (P = 0.05, −2.2% per d of cycle length). (unl.edu)
  • Typically, the heat cycle lasts between 14 and 19 days, so a female can go in and out of heat every two or three weeks . (moviecultists.com)
  • The second stage is estrus, which lasts for an average of nine days. (petreader.net)
  • There may be an influence of the length of estrous cycle immediately before breeding on conception rates, possibly because a longer estrous cycle results in a persistent follicle with greater potential for a lower quality oocyte. (unl.edu)
  • This study assessed the effects of social dominance on the behavioral estrus and ovarian parameters of dairy goats subjected to synchronous estrus induction during the non-breeding season. (scielo.br)
  • Synchronous estrus was induced in 23 dairy goats allocated to collective pens. (scielo.br)
  • Environmental factors such as light and temperature changes, especially longer daylight hours, can influence cycle regularity. (qualitycage.com)
  • The duration of behavioural alterations indicative of oestrus was recorded in 22 young cats during two consecutive oestrous periods. (vin.com)
  • During estrus, the signs of increased receptivity to males are unmistakable. (qualitycage.com)
  • We therefore profiled dorsal hippocampal transcriptomes from female mice in each estrous cycle stage, and contrasted it with that of males, across wild-type (WT) and Cnih3 mutants. (wustl.edu)
  • Surprisingly, Cnih3 knock-outs (KOs) showed far broader transcriptomic differences between estrous cycle stages and males. (wustl.edu)
  • The results showed that hPMSC transplantation can significantly recover the estrus cycle in the POF group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This reference is a valuable tool to check annually to determine if current estrus synchronization protocols should be updated. (msucares.com)
  • There are also Bos Indicus -specific protocols that work well in Indicus -influenced cattle, but the priority in these animals is using protocols that jumpstart estrus. (msucares.com)
  • In wild types, we identified only subtle differences in gene expression between the sexes, while comparing estrous stages to one another revealed up to .1000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (wustl.edu)
  • These estrous-responsive genes are especially enriched in gene markers of oligodendrocytes and the dentate gyrus, and in functional gene sets relating to estrogen response, potassium channels, and synaptic gene splicing. (wustl.edu)
  • The utreri of rats were collected according to estrous cycle phases (menstruation group). (jri.ir)
  • The objective of the study was to estimate the impact of proligestone administration on the suppression of oestrus and on the prevention of recurrence of feline oestrous cycle and its probable unwanted effects. (vin.com)
  • These data support the existence of a spermatozoal reservoir in the oviductal isthmus of the mare and suggest that there may be cycle stage-specific regulation of both motility and the number of spermatozoa attached to oviductal epithelium. (tamu.edu)
  • One is letting the puppy go through an estrous cycle in the hope that the vulva will mature and change shape. (vin.com)
  • Breed differences in PPIE and estrous cycle length suggest that there are genetic components to these traits. (unl.edu)
  • Standing heat is the time in her estrous cycle when a cow/heifer is receptive mounting activity by a bull or other herd mates. (beefmagazine.com)
  • The number of spermatozoa that bound to explants was affected by stage of cycle, anatomic origin of explant, and time in co-culture (p (tamu.edu)
  • showed, for the first time, that RHAMM is differentially expressed during all stages of preimplantation human embryos and human embryonic stem cells (hESC), and indicated that RHAMM knockdown results in down-regulation of several pluripotency markers in hESCs, induction of early extraembryonic lineage, loss of cell viability, and changes in hESC cycle (2). (jri.ir)
  • Recently, profiling of mice null for the AMPA receptor trafficking gene Cnih3 have demonstrated estrous-dependent phenotypes in dorsal hippocampal synaptic plasticity, composition, and learning/memory. (wustl.edu)
  • Essentially all signs relate to disruption of the normal endocrine events of the estrous cycle that results from this failure of ovulatory events. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Altogether, our profiling highlights cell types and molecular systems potentially impacted by estrous-specific gene expression patterns in the adult dorsal hippocampus, enabling mechanistic hypothesis genera-tion for future studies of sex-differential neuropsychiatric function and dysfunction. (wustl.edu)
  • Ozbilgin K, Boz B, Tuğyan K, Inan S, Vatansever S. RHAMM Expression in the Rat Endometrium during the Estrous Cycle and following Implantation. (jri.ir)
  • Estrus-Mating period. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The animals were observed for oestrous behaviour for a 12-week period following NS, 1st, 2nd and 3rd proligestone administration. (vin.com)
  • The fourth and final stage is anestrus, which is a period of rest between the menstrual cycles. (petreader.net)
  • During the 1st oestrus (puberty), the animals received no treatment while on the 2nd day of overt oestrous sign manifestation of the 2nd oestrus, 18 cats were sc treated with proligestone (33 mg/kg) while the remaining 4 cats received normal saline (NS, 0.33 ml/kg), sc. (vin.com)