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RednessSymptomsDischargeInflammationDrynessPotential ocular irritancyPrimary dermal irritation studyEvaporation of the tear filmOphthalmicConjunctivalWateryCorneaEndpointHazardInfectionTopically appliedStrategy for eye irritationHypertensionRespiratory tract irritationEpithelialChemicalsEyelidDrainageInstillationKeratitisCornealCorrosionAssaySecondaryRabbitsTear filmDermal applicationRabbitOECDReactionsExposureAssessSkinDiagnosisInfectionsTopicalVivoEpiphoraClinicallyFormulationsVaporsSurface
Redness1
  • Blepharitis is a common, chronic ophthalmic condition characterized by inflammation of the eyelid margin, redness, and ocular irritation. (pharmiweb.com)
Symptoms14
  • It often results in ocular symptoms and visual disturbance due to underlying tear film instability, ocular suface inflammation and damage, and neuorsensory abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • While the symptoms may be similar, there are many possible causes of eye irritation. (healthline.com)
  • Read on as we explore some of the more common causes of eye irritation, their symptoms, and possible treatments. (healthline.com)
  • What are some common symptoms of eye irritation? (healthline.com)
  • The specific symptoms that you may experience are dependent on the source of your eye irritation. (healthline.com)
  • In addition to eye irritation or discomfort, symptoms of digital eye strain can include headache, dry eyes , and pain in your neck or shoulders. (healthline.com)
  • Almost all (85%) were low severity, most commonly eye irritation or conjunctivitis, then headache or dizziness and respiratory symptoms. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Symptoms: Ocular irritation and conjunctival hyperaemia. (mims.com)
  • Dry eye symptoms include dryness, foreign body sensation, itching and irritation, and those suffering from dry eye may have trouble with reading , driving at night and using a computer. (rosacea.org)
  • Common symptoms of ocular rosacea include a watery or bloodshot appearance, dryness and irritation. (rosacea.org)
  • Benzalkonium chloride has been reported to cause eye irritation, symptoms of dry eyes and may affect the tear film and corneal surface. (medicines.org.uk)
  • The most frequently reported symptoms were vomiting, nausea, and ocular irritation or ocular pain. (cdc.gov)
  • The same report states that "Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles. (ocuco.com)
  • Symptoms are conjunctival hyperemia and ocular discharge and, depending on the etiology, discomfort and itching. (msdmanuals.com)
Discharge1
  • Watery ocular (eye) discharge is a common concern of pet owners. (vin.com)
Inflammation5
  • Treatment of post-operative inflammation following ocular surgery. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Prolonged postoperative inflammation leads to ocular discomfort, cystoid macular edema, and glaucoma secondary to inflammation. (springer.com)
  • It accelerates the evaporation of the tear film and may result in ocular surface irritation or inflammation. (ocuco.com)
  • Overview of Conjunctivitis Conjunctival inflammation typically results from infection, allergy, or irritation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • After failed attempts to put the prosthesis back, doctors in the Gaza Strip provided a temporary solution with silicon - though this caused irritation and inflammation. (who.int)
Dryness3
  • An eye lubricant used both to prevent further irritation and/or to relieve dryness. (entirelypets.com)
  • Though Puralube Vet Ointment can be used to treat excessively dry eyes, it is meant only to provide relief from temporary dryness and irritation. (entirelypets.com)
  • As Professor James Loughman wrote recently in his blog, face masks may cause ocular dryness and irritation due to increased airflow from under the face cover. (ocuco.com)
Potential ocular irritancy2
  • PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Safety assessment of all new chemicals and products requires evaluation of potential ocular irritancy in case of intentional or unintentional exposure to the eye. (sbir.gov)
  • 1992), which uses living bovine corneal tissue, obtained as a by-product from abattoirs, to evaluate the potential ocular irritancy of a test article. (iivs.org)
Primary dermal irritation study3
  • In a primary dermal irritation study (four SFP albino female rabbits), were dermally exposed to 0.5ml of 5 different concentrations of D-menthol in DiEthyl Phthalate (DEP) (i.e. (europa.eu)
  • A primary dermal irritation study was performed comparable to OECD Guideline 404 with Fatty acids, C5-9 tetraesters with pentaerythritol (CAS 67762-53-2) (Zolyniene, 1999). (europa.eu)
  • A primary dermal irritation study was performed with Fatty acids C8-10, mixed esters with dipentaerythritol, isooctanoic acid, pentaerythritol and tridipentaerythritol (CAS 189200-42-8) comparable to OECD Guideline 404 and GLP (Frank, 1995). (europa.eu)
Evaporation of the tear film1
  • Consistent movement of air over the ocular surface promotes increased evaporation of the tear film. (coopervision.com)
Ophthalmic2
  • Its a petrolatum ophthalmic ointment, a sterile ocular lubricant. (entirelypets.com)
  • Herpes zoster of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, with or without ocular involvement, is referred to as HZO. (medscape.com)
Conjunctival1
  • Then, a 50% diethylphtalate solution of D-menthol caused slight conjunctival irritation to the rabbit eye. (europa.eu)
Watery1
Cornea2
  • No evidence of ocular irritation in cornea and iris. (europa.eu)
  • PRED FORTE suspension is contraindicated in acute untreated purulent ocular infections, in most viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella, and also in mycobacterial infection of the eye and fungal diseases of ocular structures. (nih.gov)
Endpoint2
  • Determination of ocular irritation potential is a key toxicological endpoint required to support chemical and raw material characterization and industrial hygiene, to guide product development, and to achieve final product safety standards. (iivs.org)
  • according to CLP classification criteria, the substance does not meet the criteria for classification and labelling for this endpoint since all scores were below the limits specified for eye irritation Category 2 as set out in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008. (europa.eu)
Hazard3
  • From standard regulatory hazard assessments to providing information on the degree of ocular irritation, to discriminating among extremely mild eye area products, IIVS' Study Directors take the time to understand your specific goals and apply the most relevant, cost-effective strategies to achieve them. (iivs.org)
  • Prolonged use may also suppress the host immune response and thus increase the hazard of secondary ocular infections. (nih.gov)
  • These include using integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA) and defined approaches to enable prediction of skin and eye irritation hazard through high-throughput screening assays and in silico models. (nih.gov)
Infection5
  • Excessive tears drain down the pet's face, and in time, chronic exposure to moisture produces skin irritation, infection, and odor. (vin.com)
  • Ocular manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are common. (medscape.com)
  • The predictive value of the CD4 + T-cell count for ocular complications in HIV infection has been called into question by reports of CMV retinitis in patients with CD4 + cell counts higher than 200 cells/mL. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, whether a reconstituted T-cell count will serve as a better predictor of specific ocular infection is under active evaluation. (medscape.com)
  • Despite these uncertainties, the CD4 + cell count has remained the predicting parameter for the occurrence of specific ocular infection in patients who are HIV positive, at least until antigen-specific tests of T-lymphocyte function become widely available. (medscape.com)
Topically applied1
  • However, topically applied ocular drugs may be systemically absorbed to a significant extent, resulting in widespread adverse side effects in both the eye and other regions of the body [3]. (smw.ch)
Strategy for eye irritation2
  • Dr. Curren then talks about IIVS' activities in developing the current non-animal strategy for eye irritation, and recent investigations into in vitro methods to. (iivs.org)
  • These models may be used in screening chemicals and/or inclusion in a tiered-testing strategy for eye irritation potential. (nih.gov)
Hypertension1
Respiratory tract irritation2
  • Significant inhalation exposure does not occur at room temperature, but respiratory tract irritation is possible when the liquid is heated, agitated, or sprayed. (cdc.gov)
  • Dust and vapors may cause eye and respiratory tract irritation. (edocr.com)
Epithelial2
  • Although monolayer cultures and stratified corneal epithelial tissues have been developed and are useful as initial screens for ocular irritancy, they are not capable of completely modeling the interaction of exogenous chemical with human corneal tissue. (sbir.gov)
  • Loh described this material as regurgitated, undigested material combined with epithelial cells, keratin, mite eggs, and digestive enzymes, all of which cause lid irritation. (ophthalmologytimes.com)
Chemicals6
  • We will develop a corneal full thickness tissue and in vitro test methods that will dramatically reduce or eliminate the need to use animals to assess ocular irritancy of chemicals and products. (sbir.gov)
  • The Eye Irritation Test (EIT) is an OECD-approved in vitro non-animal test method for identifying chemicals and mixtures that may be irritating to the corneal epithelium. (iivs.org)
  • The ocular irritation potential of formulations, products, ingredients, and chemicals can be evaluated using in vitro reconstructed human corneal epithelium (RhCE) models, such as the EpiOcular™ (MatTek Corp.) and SkinEthic HCE (EPISKIN) organotypic 3-D tissue constructs. (iivs.org)
  • As a result, these chemicals can cover a wide range in the irritation spectrum, from materials that are classified as mild irritants to those that are designated as corrosive. (iivs.org)
  • Any of these chemicals can cause irritation and if splashed in the eye can cause ocular injury. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Chemicals and substances such as personal care products, cleaning supplies, and agrochemicals are tested to determine if they have the potential to cause irritation or injury to skin and eyes. (nih.gov)
Eyelid1
Drainage2
  • The ocular surface is an integrated anatomical unit consisting of 7 key interactive and interdependent components: the tear film, the lacrimal and accessory lacrimal apparatus, the nasolacrimal drainage system, the eyelids, the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva, cranial nerve V, and cranial nerve VII. (medscape.com)
  • There are two causes of epiphora (excess tearing) in pets: irritation to the eye and abnormal tear drainage. (vin.com)
Instillation2
  • Clinical signs and ocular reactions were observed and graded at 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after instillation. (europa.eu)
  • Carteolol has not been detected in plasma following ocular instillation. (theodora.com)
Keratitis1
  • Dry eye disease (DED), also known as dry eye syndrome (DES), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), and keratitis sicca, is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface due to a loss of homeostasis of the tear film. (medscape.com)
Corneal5
  • The BCOP (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability) assay is an in vitro eye irritation test method developed by Gautheron et al. (iivs.org)
  • The Ocular Irritection Assay is an in chemico eye irritation assay that detects, ranks, and predicts the corneal irritation potential of a test material. (iivs.org)
  • Corneal recovery is a key property of ocular irritation classification schemes used in the regulatory arena. (iivs.org)
  • However, no current validated non-animal ocular irritation test methods or prediction tools are able to predict corneal recovery in a manner consistent with the animal tests historically employed. (iivs.org)
  • Various ocular diseases and long-term use of topical corticosteroids have been known to cause corneal and scleral thinning. (nih.gov)
Corrosion1
  • There are no data available for the irritation/corrosion of 2,2-bis[[(1-oxoheptyl)oxy]methyl]propane-1,3-diyl bisheptanoate (CAS 25811-35-2). (europa.eu)
Assay1
  • The Short Time Exposure (STE) assay, developed by Kao Corporation (Japan), is an in vitro assay used to assess acute eye irritation potential as an alternative to the traditional in vivo Draize test. (iivs.org)
Secondary1
  • Prolonged use of corticosteroids may suppress the host response and may increase the possibility of secondary ocular infections. (medicines.org.uk)
Rabbits1
  • In the first primary skin irritation study, which was performed according to OECD Guideline 404 (Robinson, 1991a), the shaved skin of three female New Zealand White rabbits was exposed to 0.5 mL unchanged test substance for 4 hours under semiocclusive conditions. (europa.eu)
Tear film1
  • Over a period of time, the resulting thinner and less stable tear film can lead to drying of the ocular surface. (coopervision.com)
Dermal application1
  • Based on the lack of dermal irritation responses in the rabbit from dermal application of MEA Polyborate 1:3, no GHS classification for skin irritation is proposed for both 1:1 and 1:3 ratios. (europa.eu)
Rabbit1
  • DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Replacement of the Draize rabbit eye test for ocular irritancy testing remains an elusive goal. (sbir.gov)
OECD1
  • The ocular irritation potential of D-menthol at 50% and 100% according to the current OECD-guideline 405 was assessed. (europa.eu)
Reactions1
  • Ocular ADRs are frequent and the majority of these events are innocuous for the patients, although detrimental reactions, including fatal ADRs and blindness, have been reported and need to be effectively prevented to safeguard patients and reduce strain on the health system. (smw.ch)
Exposure2
  • Accidental exposure to things such as smoke, dust particles, or chemical vapors can also cause eye irritation. (healthline.com)
  • The movement of air over the ocular surface creates a drying environment, so additional advice for this group of patients relates to balancing their exposure to other drying situations whilst wearing their mask. (coopervision.com)
Assess2
  • Three primary skin irritation studies were conducted to assess the skin irritation potential of Pentaerythritol tetraesters of n-decanoic, n-heptanoic, n-octanoic and n-valeric acids (CAS 68424 -31 -7). (europa.eu)
  • ICCVAM and NICEATM facilitate public-private partnerships to share data and information on the development and evaluation of alternative methods to assess skin and eye irritation hazards. (nih.gov)
Skin5
  • Skin: Repeated or prolonged contact may cause a skin irritation. (edocr.com)
  • The ICCVAM Ocular and Dermal Irritation Workgroup (ODIWG) coordinated the implementation of the roadmap goals for skin and eye irritation testing. (nih.gov)
  • These partnerships include companies that develop products that are tested for skin and eye irritation, as these companies have experience and data that can be applied to alternative method development, evaluation, and use. (nih.gov)
  • EPA is supporting the Institute for In Vitro Sciences in a collaboration with antimicrobial cleaning products manufacturers, CropLife America, and the PETA Science Consortium International e.V. to optimize a protocol using a reconstructed human epidermal model to evaluate the skin irritation potential of agrochemical formulations. (nih.gov)
  • NICEATM acquired and curated high-quality reference data for skin and eye irritation data, including data on pesticide formulations from EPA registration submissions. (nih.gov)
Diagnosis1
  • The latter form with intraepithelial (pagetoid) invasion has poor prognosis as a result of delay in diagnosis as well as more extensive involvement of ocular tissues. (bmj.com)
Infections3
  • A variety of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause eye irritation. (healthline.com)
  • Use of ocular steroids may prolong the course and may exacerbate the severity of many viral infections of the eye (including herpes simplex). (nih.gov)
  • In general, the CD4 + T-lymphocyte count has been used to predict the onset of certain ocular infections in patients who are HIV positive. (medscape.com)
Topical1
  • However, the disadvantages of topical eyedrop are short contact time and relatively poor ocular penetration. (springer.com)
Vivo2
  • In addition, in vitro and in vivo eye irritation studies are available on both ratios, and show correlation with only slight difference, i.e. (europa.eu)
  • MEA Polyborate 1:1 is not irritating in an in vivo eye irritation study, whilst MEA Polyborate 1:3 is moderately irritating. (europa.eu)
Epiphora1
  • A 78 year old man was referred to the oculoplastic clinic with epiphora and irritation of right eye for 2 years. (bmj.com)
Clinically1
Formulations1
  • Whether evaluating ultra-mild cosmetics and personal care products, or rank ordering the irritation potential of candidate formulations and ingredients, we can provide custom Ocular Screening protocols to best meet your testing goals. (iivs.org)
Vapors1
  • Eyes: Vapors may cause irritation. (edocr.com)
Surface3
  • [ 1 , 2 ] Dry eye disease is a common form of ocular surface disease (OSD) and may overlap with other causes of OSD, such as limbal steam cell insufficiency and ocular graft-versus-host disease. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Abnormalities or deficiencies in any of the 7 ocular surface components may worsen dry eye disease, yet promise opportunities for effective therapeutic intervention. (medscape.com)
  • Minor problems include ocular surface irritation and a foreign-body reaction. (aao.org)