• Stimulation of AC by dopamine 2.5 x 10 6M, octopamine 2.5 x 10 6M and norepinephrine 5 x 10 5M was not inhibited by low concentrations of LSD (10 5 x 10 -6M). (erowid.org)
  • Phentolamine competitively inhibited 5-HT octopamine dopamine and norepinephrine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. (erowid.org)
  • appetitive and aversive reinforcement is mediated by octopamine and dopamine, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gal and Libersat suggest that the wasp's venom could affect certain signalling chemicals such as octopamine and dopamine, that are known to affect the movements and motivations of insects. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • It is controlled by the two neurotransmitters dopamine and octopamine, which is related to the human noradrenaline. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Immunostaining of crayfish eyetalk using anti-octopamine rabbit polyclonal antibody (green) and anti-serotonin goat polyclonal antibody (red). (immusmol.com)
  • The IS1033 anti-Octopamine rabbit polyclonal antibody displays high affinity and specificity. (immusmol.com)
  • TyrR (mixed octopamine/tyramine receptors), which are structurally and functionally similar to noradrenergic alpha-2 receptors in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Receptors in the TyrR class, however, are generally more strongly activated by tyramine than by octopamine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phylogenetic studies claim that in ancient bilaterians such as Platynereis dumerilii there is a co-existence of norepinephrine, tyramine and octopamine receptor signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, due to partial overlapping in their signalling functionality tyramine and octopamine receptors have been lost in vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we explored the effect of octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) oral treatments on the propensity of treated bees to become reproductively dominant and produce queen-like pheromones in Dufour's and mandibular glands. (huji.ac.il)
  • Octopamine and tyramine signalling in Aedes aegypti: Molecular characterization and insight into potential physiological roles. (bvsalud.org)
  • In insects , the biogenic amines octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) are involved in controlling several physiological and behavioural processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • In many types of invertebrates octopamine is an important neurotransmitter and hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Octopamine was first discovered by Italian scientist Vittorio Erspamer in 1948 in the salivary glands of the octopus and has since been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone and neuromodulator in invertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • What Andrés and Albert found is that the process of fibrillae erection is regulated by a neurotransmitter called octopamine - a chemical signal sent from the brain to control the mosquito ears. (wmfe.org)
  • Octopamine a neurotransmitter, is required in regulation of feeding behavioural responses. (who.int)
  • Here we show, using temporal control of neural function in Drosophila, that only short-term appetitive memory is reinforced by octopamine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To identify an octopamine receptor mediating this function in Drosophila, putative biogenic amine receptors were cloned by a novel procedure using PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphism. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • One new receptor, octopamine receptor in mushroom bodies (OAMB), was identified as an octopamine receptor because human and Drosophila cell lines expressing OAMB showed increased cAMP and intracellular Ca2+ levels after octopamine application. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Octopamine Drives Endurance Exercise Adaptations in Drosophila. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Rillich J, Stevenson PA (2011) Winning Fights Induces Hyperaggression via the Action of the Biogenic Amine Octopamine in Crickets. (phys.org)
  • also known as OA, and also norsynephrine, para-octopamine and others) is an organic chemical closely related to norepinephrine, and synthesized biologically by a homologous pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Octopamine binds weakly to receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine, but it is not clear whether this has any functional significance. (wikipedia.org)
  • We noted that one differentially regulated gene, octopamine receptor gene (DaOAR), is a prominent 'social' gene in other insect species, prompting us to test the hypothesis that DaOAR influences grouping behavior in D. arcuata . (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results provide evidence that regulation of the octopamine receptor gene influences social grouping in D. arcuata , and that specifically, a decrease in octopamine receptor expression triggers the larval transition from social to solitary. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among these, octopamine receptor (OAR) is of particular interest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study we test the hypothesis that a decrease in octopamine receptor expression triggers the larval transition from social to solitary. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To test this, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to reduce octopamine receptor transcript abundance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2) To test whether RNAi-induced reduction in octopamine receptor transcript altered the timing of the social to solitary transition in caterpillars. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Isoforms of the octopamine receptor gene were previously found to be upregulated in socially grouping early instars of D. arcuata relative to solitary late instars [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In insects, octopamine is released by a select number of neurons, but acts broadly throughout the central brain, on all sense organs, and on several non-neuronal tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, octopamine has historically been considered to be the signal for reward in insects. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In some insects, such as honeybees and fruit flies, octopamine has been shown to be a major stimulator of adenylyl cyclase and to function in associative learning. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Cedar Gard works on pheromone-driven insects by disrupting their octopamine neuroreceptors, thereby stifling their ability to detect food and mates and reproduce. (mycsainc.com)
  • Additionally I will use the chemical octopamine hydrochloride to explore neuroendocrine relationships between gustatory responsiveness, learning, and octopamine. (unr.edu)
  • Octopamine exerts its effects by binding to and activating receptors located on the surface of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vertebrates no octopamine-specific receptors have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • In lobsters, octopamine seems to direct and coordinate neurohormones to some extent in the central nervous system, and it was observed that injecting octopamine into a lobster and crayfish resulted in limb and abdomen extension. (wikipedia.org)
  • One requires the monoamine octopamine, which shares functional similarities to noradrenaline in vertebrates, whereas the other relies on a cellular stress response uncovered by the phenotypic characterization of hangover (hang) mutants (Scholz, 2000, Scholz, 2005). (sdbonline.org)
  • Octopamine is often considered the major "fight-or-flight" neurohormone of invertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the caterpillar's brain, a massive immune reaction is taking place-the invertebrate equivalent of a cytokine storm-and among the factors being released is an invertebrate neurohormone called octopamine. (the-scientist.com)
  • Adult flies are trained en masse to differentially associate one of two visual conditioned stimuli (CS) (blue and green light as CS) with an appetitive or aversive chemical substance (unconditioned stimulus or US). (frontiersin.org)
  • In mammals octopamine is found only in trace amounts, and no biological function has been solidly established for it. (wikipedia.org)
  • British Library EThOS: The synthesis and biological evaluation of conformationally restricted analogues of octopamine. (bl.uk)
  • In the thoracic ganglia, octopamine is primarily released by DUM (dorsal unpaired median) and VUM (ventral unpaired median) neurons, which release octopamine onto neural, muscular, and peripheral targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • During flight, DUM neurons are also active and release octopamine throughout the body to synchronize energy metabolism, respiration, muscle activity and flight interneuron activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • After aligning the octopamine gene isoforms using Clustal Omega ( https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/ ), conserved regions were used for siRNA design using Dharmacon's siDESIGN tool ( https://horizondiscovery.com/en/products/tools/siDESIGN-Center ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • olf413, a paralogue of TH, is a gene predicted for its involvement in octopamine biosynthesis. (who.int)
  • In the nematode, octopamine is found in high concentrations in adults, decreasing egg-laying and pharyngeal pumping behaviors with an antagonistic effect to serotonin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In larvae of the oriental armyworm, octopamine is immunologically beneficial, increasing survival rates in high-density populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Octopamine levels remain high for days, and this caterpillar. (the-scientist.com)
  • Octopamine levels go up, and that plays a role in shutting off feeding. (the-scientist.com)
  • Indeed, the group has previously shown that the zombie cockroaches can be restored to their active ways by injecting them with octopamine (see video below). (nationalgeographic.com)
  • When samples are prepared using the STAINperfect immunostaining kit A , our antibody ensures clear-cut Octopamine stainings in whole mounts, cell culture and tissue sections. (immusmol.com)
  • also known as OA, and also norsynephrine, para-octopamine and others) is an organic chemical closely related to norepinephrine, and synthesized biologically by a homologous pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, the locust DUMeti neuron releases octopamine onto the extensor tibia muscle to increase muscle tension and increase relaxation rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • David J. Schulz , Tanya Pankiw , M. Kim Fondrk , Gene E. Robinson , and Robert E. Page Jr. "Comparisons of Juvenile Hormone Hemolymph and Octopamine Brain Titers in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Selected for High and Low Pollen Hoarding," Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97(6), 1313-1319, (1 November 2004). (bioone.org)
  • In the present work, we examined the action of two trace amines, octopamine and phenylethylamine, which are found in the hypothalamus, on pituitary hormone secretion in different experimental situations in vivo and in dispersed anterior pituitary cells. (nih.gov)
  • Tyramine and octopamine reduced prolactin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-5) M, whereas the hypoprolactinemic effect observed for phenylethylamine was very weak. (nih.gov)
  • By identifying the octopamine pathway, we've only just begun to understand this complex system. (earth.com)
  • In larvae of the oriental armyworm, octopamine is immunologically beneficial, increasing survival rates in high-density populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the nematode, octopamine is found in high concentrations in adults, decreasing egg-laying and pharyngeal pumping behaviors with an antagonistic effect to serotonin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rescue of major aspects of adult locomotion and startle behavior required octopamine, but a complementary role was observed for serotonin. (nih.gov)
  • Crocker A, Shahidullah M, Levitan IB, Sehgal A. Identification of a neural circuit that underlies the effects of octopamine on sleep:wake behavior. (jefferson.edu)
  • In lobsters, octopamine seems to direct and coordinate neurohormones to some extent in the central nervous system, and it was observed that injecting octopamine into a lobster and crayfish resulted in limb and abdomen extension. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the thoracic ganglia, octopamine is primarily released by DUM (dorsal unpaired median) and VUM (ventral unpaired median) neurons, which release octopamine onto neural, muscular, and peripheral targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through rigorous experiments and observations, the researchers pinpointed the octopamine molecule as being crucial not only for the mosquitoes' ability to hear but also for the detection of potential mates. (earth.com)
  • When the researchers started ordering these genes by function, they discovered suites of genes were being activated in concert: insulin signaling for longevity, pathways for immunity, and those leading to octopamine production, the insect equivalent of the fight or flight hormone adrenaline, for long-distance flight. (phys.org)
  • abstract = "In 2004, octopamine was added to the list of drugs banned by the world anti-doping agency (WADA) and prohibited in any sport competition. (uai.cl)
  • This work aims to develop a new analytical method to detect octopamine in water and human urine samples. (uai.cl)
  • The final assay was able to detect octopamine in water within the range 1 nmol·L -1 -0.1 mol·L -1 with a detection limit of 0.047 ± 0.00231 μg·mL -1 and in human urine samples within the range 1 nmol·L -1 -0.0001 mol·L -1 with a detection limit of 0.059 ± 0.00281 μg·mL -1 . (uai.cl)
  • Furthermore, this work is the first attempt to use nanoMIPs in pseudo-ELISA assays to detect octopamine. (uai.cl)
  • In all experiments, nanoMIPs presented high affinity to the target molecules and almost no cross-reactivity with analogues of octopamine such as pseudophedrine or l-Tyrosine. (uai.cl)
  • In mammals octopamine is found only in trace amounts, and no biological function has been solidly established for it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, octopamine was found to play a multifaceted role in mosquito hearing - it alters the frequency tuning of the male ear, adjusts its sound receiver's stiffness, and initiates other mechanical changes, all amplifying the detection of the female. (earth.com)
  • With regard to the hypoprolactinemic potencies in the immobilization stress model, it was observed that p-tyramine, another trace amine, was as potent as octopamine. (nih.gov)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Octopamine" by people in this website by year, and whether "Octopamine" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
  • As a weight loss ingredient: Both synephrine and octopamine have been used in weight loss supplements for years, despite only the most luke-warm clinical data supporting the effectiveness of synephrine (there's no data on octopamine). (ultimatefatburner.com)
  • During flight, DUM neurons are also active and release octopamine throughout the body to synchronize energy metabolism, respiration, muscle activity and flight interneuron activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • We further show that octopamine neurons are required for sustained behavioral responses to fast-moving, but not slow-moving, visual stimuli in walking flies. (janelia.org)
  • Although Erspamer discovered its natural occurrence and named it, octopamine had actually existed for many years as a pharmaceutical product. (wikipedia.org)