• The chemical structures of new prenylated coumarins 1 - 3 were unambiguously established by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and the known compounds 4 - 10 were determined by comparing their experimental spectral data with those described data in the literature. (nih.gov)
  • The structural diversity found in this family of compounds led to the division into different categories, from simple coumarins to many other kinds of policyclic coumarins such as furocoumarins and pyranocoumarins. (benthamscience.com)
  • Simple coumarins and analogues are a large class of compounds that have attracted their interest for a long time due to their biological activities: they have shown to be useful as antitumoural, anti-HIV agents and as CNS-active compounds. (benthamscience.com)
  • Our interest in medicinal chemistry of dicoumarol compounds have been developed by keeping in view the importance of coumarins along with its derivatives in medicinal chemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coumarins are naturally occurring organic compounds [ 1 , 2 ] which belong to benzo-α-pyrones group of compounds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coumarins and related compounds inhibit vitamin K 1 -2,3 epoxide reductase, preventing vitamin K from being reduced to its active form. (medscape.com)
  • Coumarin is commonly prescribed as an anticoagulant ("blood thinner") for the treatment or prevention of serious problems caused by thrombosis (clot formation) and embolism (the migration of a thrombus). (laleva.org)
  • Adjust the dosage of coumarin anticoagulant to maintain the prothrombin time/INR at the desired level to prevent bleeding complications ( 5.6 ). (nih.gov)
  • Coumarins inhibit hepatic synthesis of the vitamin K ̶ dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and the anticoagulant proteins C and S. Vitamin K is a cofactor in the synthesis of these clotting factors. (medscape.com)
  • and FACTOR X. It is used for monitoring anticoagulant therapy with COUMARINS. (lookformedical.com)
  • The coumarin derivatives (see below coumarins, systemic ) phenprocoumon and warfarin are anticoagulants. (altmeyers.org)
  • The Pechmann condensation provides another route to coumarin and its derivatives, as does the Kostanecki acylation , which can also be used to produce chromones . (cloudfront.net)
  • Coumarin and its derivatives are biologically very active. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coumarin derivatives are widely used in the field of medicines and drugs for many years [ 2 - 7 ] as for example coumarin and its derivatives exhibited pronounced anticancer and antimicrobial activities as revealed from literature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 3 ] Today, coumarin derivatives are used therapeutically as anticoagulants and commercially as rodenticides . (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, although warfarin is no longer used primarily as a rodenticide, several long-acting coumarin derivatives (the so-called superwarfarin anticoagulants, such as brodifacoum, diphenadione, chlorophacinone, and bromadiolone) are used for this purpose and can produce profound and prolonged anticoagulation. (medscape.com)
  • The present work is to survey the information published from 1990 till 2008, which is mainly related to the occurrence, synthesis and biological importance of simple coumarins and some analogues such as biscoumarins and triscoumarins. (benthamscience.com)
  • Under catalysis of CYP2A6, coumarin is predominantly metabolised to 7-hydroxycoumarin, which is excreted renally after conjugation with glucuronide or sulphate. (altmeyers.org)
  • With that in mind, the research team set out to solve the structure of the CYP2A6 protein with two different inhibitors (coumarin and methoxsalen) bound to it. (stanford.edu)
  • Meanwhile, prenylated coumarins 1 - 10 exhibited pronounced anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activities with the EC 50 values in range of 0.12-8.69 μM. (nih.gov)
  • Coumarin is a widespread substance in nature, readily soluble in ethanol, ether and essential oils, but little soluble in water (coumarin from the Spanish "cumarú = tonka bean tree", a tree native to Guyana (Coumaruona odorata)), which causes the aromatic scent of numerous plants (e.g. woodruff, sweet clover, dates, etc. (altmeyers.org)
  • Especially rich in coumarin are the seeds of the tonka bean (the fruits have a coumarin content of about 2 to 3%) as well as cinnamon. (altmeyers.org)
  • Coumarin was first isolated in 1813 by the German chemist A. Vogel, who was able to extract the substance from the seeds of the tonka tree. (altmeyers.org)
  • Coumarin can be found in various plants such as: the fragrant perfumed grass, clover, woodruff, umbellifers such as dill or caraway, dates, tonka bean (cumaru = tonka bean tree) and cinnamon cassava. (altmeyers.org)
  • Coumarin is derived from coumarou , the French word for the tonka bean. (cloudfront.net)
  • Coumarin was first isolated from tonka beans in 1820 by A. Vogel of Munich, who initially mistook it for benzoic acid . (cloudfront.net)
  • Osthole, a coumarin derivative, reported as antidiabetic agent, alleviates hyperglycemia in db / db mice [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is a derivative of coumarin, a substance that does not itself affect coagulation, but which is transformed into active dicoumarol. (hemostasis.com)
  • Prenylated coumarins 1 - 10 dispalyed remarkable inhibitory effects against nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells with the IC 50 values equivalent to that of hydrocortisone in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • an ATP-binding ), coumarins () and terpenoids cassette (ABC) transporter (150-170 kDa), which pumps out lipo- have been reported as philic agents from cells that have entered them by free diffusion agents for overcoming multidrug resistance, and could be used aloneat very low concentrations or in combination to reverse multidrugresistance in vitro. (gotomydoctor.com)
  • Column chromatography and crystallization process resulted to isolation of three prenylated coumarins. (ac.ir)
  • In our current study, three new prenylated coumarins, manizapotins A-C ( 1 - 3 ), together with seven known prenylated coumarins ( 4 - 10 ), were separated from the fruits of M. zapota . (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that appropriate and reasonable consumption of the fruits of M. zapota might assist people to prevent and reduce the occurrence of inflammatory diseases together with the infection of HIV. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, the discovery of these prenylated coumarins from the fruits of M. zapota holding pronounced anti-inflammatory effects along with anti-HIV activities could be of great significance to the research and development of new natural anti-inflammatory and anti-HIV agents. (nih.gov)
  • The incidence and time of occurrence of phlebitis, relative risk, severity of phlebitis were the main outcome measures. (jcimjournal.com)
  • Due to its bitter taste, coumarin belongs to the bitter substances. (altmeyers.org)
  • In the plant coumarin is partially glycosidically bound. (altmeyers.org)
  • Coumarins, also known as benzopyrones, are present in remarkable amounts in plants, although their presence has also been detected in microorganisms and animal sources. (benthamscience.com)
  • Addition of HS − ions at neutral pH values results in the conversion of the merocyanine to the spiroform and subsequent reduction of its emission intensity, whilst the emission intensity of the coumarin unit is retained. (chemistryviews.org)
  • It was found that the enhanced activities are dependent on the coumarin nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • for example, one study showed that authentic Ceylon cinnamon bark contained 0.012 to 0.143 mg/g coumarin, but samples purchased at markets contained up to 3.462 mg/g, possibly because those were mixed with other cinnamon varieties. (cloudfront.net)
  • In humans, coumarin is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, but is subject to a pronounced first-pass metabolism in the liver, so that only about 2 to 6 % of the absorbed dose enters the systemic circulation. (altmeyers.org)
  • The potential anti-inflammatory effects and anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activities of all these separated prenylated coumarins were assessed. (nih.gov)
  • Antifertility effects of some coumarins isolated from Ruta chalepensis andR. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are clues of antileishmanial effects of prenylated coumarins. (ac.ir)
  • Studies were carried out on the effects of coumarin, ferulic acid and naringenin on soybean seed germination and on the growth of seed-borne fungi at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg.L-1. (scielo.br)
  • There are some examples of coumarin natural products that exert antidiabetic effect [ 1 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This is a natural occurrence and not a defect. (elorea.com)
  • Imaging studies showed that the probe was preferentially distributed in mitochondria, and incubation of cells with NaHS resulted in an enhancement of the merocyanine/coumarin emission ratio. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Coumarin is a colorless crystalline solid with a sweet odor resembling the scent of vanilla and a bitter taste. (cloudfront.net)
  • H 2 S mediates a range of physiological processes, and there is a correlation between H 2 S levels and the occurrence of some diseases. (chemistryviews.org)
  • This is the first time to discover prenylated coumarins occurring in M. zapota . (nih.gov)
  • Leishmanicidal activity of isolated coumarins was assessed on Leishmania major strain (MRHO/IR/75/ER) for the first time. (ac.ir)
  • MESALAZINE 1.2 TAKEDA can also be taken to help prevent re-occurrence of ulcerative colitis. (mydr.com.au)
  • In the hay flower , where the fine parts of the hay are processed, the effluent coumarin is used as a traditional remedy. (altmeyers.org)
  • These studies may ultimately lead to the design of an effective inhibitor of P450 2A6 that could be used to decrease the occurrence of smoking and tobacco-related cancers by reducing dependence on nicotine and by blocking formation of carcinogens. (stanford.edu)
  • Antileishmanial activity of furoquinolines and coumarins from Helietta apiculata. (ac.ir)