• The intra-articular structures include the medial and lateral menisci and the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments ( Figure 1 ) . (aafp.org)
  • The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments provide stability for the knee joint. (aafp.org)
  • Damage to the cruciate ligaments are common in sport and can be associated with a sudden change of direction, direct impact to the knee or landing awkwardly from a jump. (hje.org.uk)
  • Sometimes a repair of the ligament is possible but in many cases, the cruciate ligaments will require a ligament graft. (hje.org.uk)
  • How do thumb sprains occur? (massgeneral.org)
  • On occasion, fractures may occur along with thumb sprains. (massgeneral.org)
  • Some of the most common injuries to children and teens that cause knee pain include fractures, dislocations, and sprains and tears of soft tissues like ligaments and tendons. (choa.org)
  • Ulnar collateral ligament sprains of the thumb are common and sometimes disabling. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Injured ligaments are considered sprains and are graded on a severity scale. (aaos.org)
  • A Full-Length-Hinged brace for Grade 2-3 sprains or Short-Hinged Brace for Grades 1-2 sprains is recommended to avoid stress on healing ligament. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • Grade 1 sprains occur when fibers of the ligament are stretched but not torn. (medicinenet.com)
  • UCL injuries can manifest as acute ligament tears following a single valgus stress or as overuse sprains following repetitive valgus overloads. (medscape.com)
  • A sprain is an injury to a ligament. (massgeneral.org)
  • Grade I - Minor trauma or "sprain" to ligament. (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • Woods described this injury as minor -- a mild sprain of his medial collateral ligament in the left knee, along with a mild strain to his left Achilles. (golfdigest.com)
  • The most common type of injury for snowboarders was a wrist injury (MDBI, 1258), while for skiers, it was an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprain (MDBI, 2332). (nih.gov)
  • The ligament is mildly damaged in a Grade 1 sprain. (aaos.org)
  • A Grade 2 sprain stretches the ligament to the point where it becomes loose. (aaos.org)
  • This type of sprain is most commonly referred to as a complete tear of the ligament. (aaos.org)
  • A sprain of the inside of the joint capsule and the Medial Collateral Ligament is possible, but again this is most often due to a forceful trauma and not usually due to repetitive overuse. (beginnertriathlete.com)
  • A sprain is abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament that supports a joint. (medicinenet.com)
  • Physicians grade sprain and strains based on how much damage has occurred to the muscle, tendon, or ligament. (medicinenet.com)
  • A grade three injury, where the muscle or ligament is completely torn, is considered the most severe strain or severe sprain. (medicinenet.com)
  • The Grade 3 sprain occurs when the ligament is completely torn or ruptured. (medicinenet.com)
  • If a ligament is stretched or torn, the injury is called a sprain. (medicinenet.com)
  • The severity and symptoms of a knee ligament sprain depend on the degree of stretching or tearing of the knee ligament. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • In a mild Grade I LCL sprain, the knee ligament has a slight stretch, but they don't actually tear. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • Although the knee joint may not hurt or swell very much, a mild ligament sprain can increase the risk of a repeat injury. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • With a moderate Grade II LCL sprain, the knee ligament tears partially. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • With a severe Grade III sprain, the ligament tears completely, causing swelling and sometimes bleeding under the skin. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • When a Grade II sprain occurs, the use of a weight-bearing brace or some supportive taping is common in early treatment. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • Muscle weakness or incoordination predispose you to a ligament sprain or tear. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • Collateral ligament sprain, you would use code 842.12 a procedure to an Ligament warrants immediate surgical intervention an incision on the overhead athlete or athlete! (greensand.shop)
  • Grade 3 ligament injuries are complete tears of the superficial and deep layers of the MCL. (medscape.com)
  • Rather, they more often occur due to small chronic strains and tears accumulating over time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sports, exercise and general wear and tear can cause muscle strains, tendinitis and more serious injuries-including ligament tears. (gatewayregional.net)
  • For mild or partial ligament tears, Gateway Regional Medical Center surgeons usually first recommend nonsurgical options, including rest, medication, physical therapy or knee bracing, which may allow the joint to heal over time. (gatewayregional.net)
  • Also called chronic tears, these occur gradually and can result from damage due to aging or an underlying condition, such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • TFCC tears can occur due to physical injuries, excessive use, or the aging process. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Complete ulnar collateral ligament tears are most commonly treated with surgery to repair the ligament. (massgeneral.org)
  • Grade III - Severe trauma to the ligament, which completely tears all the ligament's fibers. (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • In most cases, LCL tears occur in contact sports such as soccer or football. (braceability.com)
  • If you are an athlete and your lateral collateral ligament tears, it is not the end of the world. (braceability.com)
  • Small tears in the ligament. (braceability.com)
  • Larger tears in the ligament but it is not completely torn. (braceability.com)
  • If you think that you may have a torn knee ligament, visit our Ligament Tears page to find the perfect brace for you. (braceability.com)
  • Sometimes when the ligament tears, it avulses part of the proximal phalanx at the ligament attachment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Surgical treatment is usually recommended for combined injuries (ACL tears that occur along with other injuries in the knee). (aaos.org)
  • Mild to moderate knee ligament injuries may heal on their own over time, but more severe tears may require surgery. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • A partial tear occurs when only part of the ligament is torn. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A complete tear occurs when the entire ligament is torn into two pieces. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This has clinical relevance because if the knee suffers an excessive abduction, which is a clipping-type injury, both the medial meniscus and the tibial collateral ligament will tear. (healthline.com)
  • If an injury causes these ligaments to stretch too far, they may tear. (morephysicaltherapy.com)
  • The tear may occur in the middle of the ligament, or it may occur where the collateral ligament attaches to the bone, on either end. (morephysicaltherapy.com)
  • The most common combination is a tear of the MCL and a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). (morephysicaltherapy.com)
  • An injury violent enough to actually tear one of the collateral ligaments causes significant damage to the soft tissues around the knee. (morephysicaltherapy.com)
  • Before we further discuss what a LCL (Lateral Collateral Ligament or often times referred to as the Fibular Collateral Ligament) tear is, it important to understand more about the LCL ligament. (braceability.com)
  • This is often referred to as a partial tear of the ligament. (aaos.org)
  • The most common is a combined hyperextension with an external tibial rotational force.3 As in this case, clinical history and physical examination usually suggest an alternative presumed diagnosis such as a cruciate ligament or meniscal tear. (radiologytoday.net)
  • Medial collateral ligament injury - Also known as an MCL tear, this type of knee injury is often caused by sudden turning or twisting motions in sports like skiing or basketball. (healthpartners.com)
  • If this ligament stretches beyond its capacity, it might tear partially or completely. (selfgrowth.com)
  • An acute meniscus tear can occur after a forceful blow or twisting, such as a sudden pivot during sporting activities. (beginnertriathlete.com)
  • This tear usually occurs when the knee is pushed sideways. (fisioterapiaenibiza.com)
  • Trauma to the knee can cause ligaments to tear. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • Pain, swelling and instability are common symptoms of a ligament tear. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • Your physician may prefer knee ligament repair or reconstruction as a treatment for a complete knee ligament tear. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • The doctors call it a UCLR ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction . (jamesseedsmd.com)
  • Polyethylene Film / PE Sheet Also filter your search results to show only ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction might be a ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction cpt. (greensand.shop)
  • Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR): also known as Tommy John surgery, a procedure to repair the ulnar collateral ligament, a structure on the inside aspect of the elbow that stabilizes the joint.The operation is done to treat injury of the ulnar collateral ligament. (greensand.shop)
  • The deep layer is attached to the medial meniscus and transitions into the posterior oblique ligament (POL) just posterior to the posterior edge of the superficial MCL. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior oblique ligament (AOL) attaches from the undersurface of the medial epicondyle to the medial ulnar surface slightly below the coronoid process. (wikipedia.org)
  • The patellar ligament is an extension of the quadriceps tendon. (healthline.com)
  • During the surgery, your doctor will remove the torn ligament from your knee and replace it with a healthy tendon (called a graft), from somewhere else in your body or from donated tissue. (gatewayregional.net)
  • The end of a completely torn ulnar collateral ligament often gets trapped behind a tendon. (massgeneral.org)
  • Patellar tendonitis - Inflammation of the tendon below the kneecap, also known as "jumper's knee", that commonly occurs in athletes who jump or run. (healthpartners.com)
  • The transition of muscle to tendon happens gradually as muscle fibers give way to tendon fibers before the bony attachment occurs. (medicinenet.com)
  • The damage can occur in three areas: the muscle itself, the muscle-tendon intersection where the muscle fibers transition to tendon fibers, or the tendon itself. (medicinenet.com)
  • Surgery to repair a torn knee ligament involves replacing the ligament with a grafted piece of healthy tendon. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • Jobe et al first described double-strand reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) with use of a free tendon graft that was secured to the medial epicondyle and the proximal aspect of the ulna in a figure-eight fashion. (medscape.com)
  • VPT1-00685-en-US C. A palmaris longus autograft tendon evolved significantly from the patient & # x27 s! (greensand.shop)
  • This article briefly reviews the anatomy of the knee joint as well as the most common knee fractures and ligament injuries. (aafp.org)
  • To understand how knee ligament injuries occur, it's important to understand the anatomy of the knee. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • A Renowned Surgeon Discusses New Approaches to ACL Repair A leading orthopedist explains how progress in our understanding of the knee's anatomy and how ACL injuries occur has changed his approach to anterior cruciate ligament repair. (medscape.com)
  • Fractures may occur in the patella, femoral condyles or tibial plateau. (aafp.org)
  • Hoffa fractures are rare fractures of the femoral condyle that occur in the coronal plane. (authorea.com)
  • One of the most common fractures, it occurs when the ligament that supports the joint is overstretched due to incorrect footing or a bad twist or turn. (fisioterapiaenibiza.com)
  • How do collateral ligament injuries occur? (morephysicaltherapy.com)
  • Ligamentous injuries occur frequently in dogs and cats. (vin.com)
  • Approximately half of ACL injuries occur along with damage to the meniscus, articular cartilage, or other ligaments. (aaos.org)
  • About half of ACL injuries occur in combination with damage to the meniscus , articular cartilage (the smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones), or other ligaments. (aaos.org)
  • Most LCL injuries occur in combination with, damage to other knee ligaments and structures for instance ACL, or the combination with the LCL with the meniscus. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • In the United States, the estimated incidence of all baseball-related overuse injuries is 2-8% per year (20-50% of these injuries occur in adolescents and school-age children). (medscape.com)
  • The shoulder is the region where most injuries occur in this population group, where strain resulting from repetitive movements together with musculature imbalance may lead to musculoskeletal injuries 10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • This occurs when the muscles can no longer withstand pressure and a fracture occurs. (fisioterapiaenibiza.com)
  • It took three surgeries over the course of many months to replace these ligaments and during this time many muscles atrophied dramatically which resulted in tremendous misalignment of my posture. (dogbrothers.com)
  • Stabilization is done with a combination of bony restraints, ligaments, and other static soft-tissue stabilizers, and the dynamic action of muscles. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on your situation, your doctor may recommend you undergo surgery for ligament repair or reconstruction. (healthxchange.sg)
  • If conservative therapies fail to help torn medial (841.1) or lateral (841.0) collateral ligament injuries, your surgeon might opt to perform a ligament repair or reconstruction. (greensand.shop)
  • Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that connect the ends of bones together. (morephysicaltherapy.com)
  • Ligaments are the connective tissues that connect bones to bones across a joint. (massgeneral.org)
  • Anatomically a ligament is a band or a cord of nearly pure collagenous tissue, which unites two or more bones. (vin.com)
  • 16 They occur most commonly in the long bones near the metaphyses about the knee. (appliedradiology.com)
  • Ligaments are soft tissue structures that connect bones to bones. (jamesseedsmd.com)
  • Ligaments are fibrous tissues which connect bones. (hje.org.uk)
  • Ligaments are elastic bands of tissue that connect bones to each other and provide stability and strength in the knee joint. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • Grade 1 or 2 injuries involve a portion of the ligament and are partial-thickness injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Part of the ligament has been disrupted, but a portion of the ligament remains intact maintaining stability. (vin.com)
  • Grossly, a portion of the ligament may appear torn or simply stretched. (vin.com)
  • The ACL is the most commonly injured ligament, accounting for more than 40% of all sports injuries. (gatewayregional.net)
  • The ACL is the most commonly injured ligament of the knee. (healthxchange.sg)
  • However, you may need surgery if your LCL is injured or if your injuries are severe and involve other ligaments in your knee. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is also very common to have damage to the surrounding ligaments with this severe of an injury. (braceability.com)
  • Damage to ligaments most commonly occurs following severe trauma, i.e., from excessive force placed across a joint. (vin.com)
  • This leads to severe instability of the joint, which often times allows dislocation to occur. (vin.com)
  • 3 Unfortunately, knee injuries are common, and severe injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament injury constitute a serious problem in terms of long absence from or termination of football and early osteoarthritis. (bmj.com)
  • A grade 3 MCL injury is the most severe type of ligament injury. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • These injuries may be treated by reconstruction of the ligament, or joint fusion if arthritis is present. (massgeneral.org)
  • But, if the ligament is completely torn and limits even basic moments, we may suggest surgery for long-term stability and relief. (gatewayregional.net)
  • It occurs when your ligament has been completely torn. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • Damage to the ligament is very painful can occur due to high impact, bending, or landing on a slightly bent knee. (healthline.com)
  • Secondary (related) damage may occur in patients who have repeated episodes of instability due to ACL injury. (aaos.org)
  • When an ACL injury occurs, the MCL and Medial Meniscus may also suffer damage. (momsteam.com)
  • The main reason for this injury is inflammation of the ligament that attaches the heel to the front of the foot. (fisioterapiaenibiza.com)
  • A ligament is a band of tissue that connects a bone to another bone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A fibrous band of tissue, this ligament is both broad and flat in shape. (healthline.com)
  • Sometimes the remaining ligament tissue is of poor quality and the ligament must be reconstructed. (massgeneral.org)
  • The ulnar collateral ligament is a thick band of ligamentous tissue that forms a triangular shape along the medial elbow. (jamesseedsmd.com)
  • Joints are stabilized by thick bands of tissue called ligaments that allow the joint to move only in specific directions. (medicinenet.com)
  • The UCL complex comprises three ligaments: the anterior oblique, posterior oblique and transverse ligaments. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transverse ligament connects to the inferior medial coronoid process of the ulna to the medial tip of the olecranon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since it is connected to the same bone and not across the elbow joint, the transverse ligament has no contribution to the joint's stability. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has an anterior bundle , posterior bundle , and a thinner, transverse ligament . (jamesseedsmd.com)
  • Specialized ligaments also exist at the MP joints, including the natatory ligament and the deep transverse metacarpal ligament (DTML), which are discussed in this article. (medscape.com)
  • and ligaments, which attach bone to bone. (choa.org)
  • The normal growth pattern cannot occur, and when it affects the first metatarsal bone, hallux varus may develop with the abnormal growth pattern. (japmaonline.org)
  • The ulnar collateral ligament connects the base of the thumb's proximal phalanx to the thumb's metacarpal bone on the ulnar aspect of the joint. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The ligament has been torn in half or pulled directly off the bone, and the knee joint is unstable. (aaos.org)
  • The ligaments are anchored to bone on each side of the joint. (medicinenet.com)
  • The main function of your lateral collateral ligament is to resist varus force and external tibial (shin bone) rotation, which occurs if your tibia/foot is forced inwards in relation to the knee or when your foot is grounded and your knee is twisted medially. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • This ligament is also located on the outside of the knee joint, and it connects the thigh bone to the fibula, the smaller bone of the lower leg on the outside of the knee. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • However, much research has focused solely on the response of the alveolar bone or the periodontal ligament, as well as on pulpal blood flow 2,16,19 . (bvsalud.org)
  • citation needed] A slow and chronic deterioration of the ulnar collateral ligament can be due to repetitive stress acting on the ulna. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is typically related to repetitive use or a ligament strain. (healthpartners.com)
  • The ulnar collateral ligament can also be damaged by overuse and repetitive stress, such as the throwing motion. (jamesseedsmd.com)
  • The most common ligament injury associated with posterior knee pain is a Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL ) injury which usually occurs only with high impact injuries, such as hitting the knee against the dashboard in a car accident, and is not likely a repetitive movement injury. (beginnertriathlete.com)
  • The radial collateral ligament (see Figure 1) may also be injured. (massgeneral.org)
  • Radial collateral ligament injuries are frequently treated this way as well. (massgeneral.org)
  • During the throwing motion, high loads of valgus stress on the elbow joint results in tension on the medial structures (ie, medial epicondyle, medial epicondylar apophysis, and medial collateral ligament [MCL] complex) and compression of the lateral structures (ie, radial head and capitellum). (medscape.com)
  • The MP joints have both radial and ulnar collateral ligaments. (medscape.com)
  • The three knee rotations and mediolateral translation were independent, with proximodistal and anteroposterior translations occurring as a function of knee flexion/extension. (simtk.org)
  • These check rein ligaments fold into the space under the metacarpal neck during flexion and become taut in extension. (medscape.com)
  • 3 months) occurring at either the origin or insertion of the ligament (often referred to as an avulsion). (greensand.shop)
  • The extra-articular ligamentous structures include the tibial and fibular collateral ligaments ( Figure 1 ) . (aafp.org)
  • These ligaments act as the principal extra-articular static stabilizing structures (i.e., they provide stability for the medial and lateral aspects of the knee). (aafp.org)
  • The MCL is an extra articular ligament with good blood supply that warrants full recovery most of the time. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • An injury can occur from a single stressful incident, or it may gradually arise after many repetitions of a motion (overuse). (medicinenet.com)
  • This fracture occurs especially in racquet sports players, due to an injury to the outside of the elbows caused by overuse. (fisioterapiaenibiza.com)
  • This type of injury is commonly seen with mild collateral ligament injuries of the carpus and tarsus. (vin.com)
  • The tibial collateral ligament is also called the superficial medial collateral ligament. (healthline.com)
  • An isolated LCL injury is treated in much the same way as a medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury (usually one of low grade). (medscape.com)
  • Grade 3 injuries are associated with complete tearing of the ligament, resulting in total loss of ligament function. (vin.com)
  • A grade 2 MCL injury means that your ligament has been partially torn. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • When a Grade III injury occurs, you usually wear a hinged knee brace for up to six weeks, with a small amount of movement, and use crutches for 1-2 weeks to protect the knee ligament from weight-bearing stresses. (dublinsportsinjuryclinic.com)
  • Acute or chronic disruption of the ulnar collateral ligament result in medial elbow pain, valgus instability, and impaired throwing performance. (wikipedia.org)
  • If external forces exceed the tensile strength of the ligament, disruption of the collagen bundles results, leading to various degrees of instability. (vin.com)
  • Injury to this ligament is sometimes called "skier's thumb" because it is a common skiing injury. (massgeneral.org)
  • The collateral ligaments of the knee are located on either side of your knee outside your knee joint. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The oblique popliteal ligament crosses the back of the knee joint. (healthline.com)
  • ACL surgery is necessary once hyperextension, tearing of the ligament, or movement within the knee joint has occurred. (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • It the torn ligament does not heal correctly, it is almost certain that you will experience instability in the joint making your LCL, and knee much more susceptible to re-injury. (braceability.com)
  • The knee has four ligaments, or tough bands of tissues, that stabilise the joint. (healthxchange.sg)
  • The ligaments around a joint usually combine together to form a joint capsule. (jamesseedsmd.com)
  • Sports-health.com said the injury occurs when the "knee joint is forced to extend beyond its normal range of motion . (yahoo.com)
  • This ligament stabilizes the joint on the inside of the knee. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • These two ligaments form an X shape in the centre of the knee joint. (hje.org.uk)
  • This ligament runs down the medial (inner) side of the knee and forms one side of the joint capsule. (hje.org.uk)
  • This ligament runs down the lateral (outer) side of the knee and forms the other side of the joint capsule. (hje.org.uk)
  • Therefore, they need more than one group of ligaments to hold the joint in proper alignment. (medicinenet.com)
  • Trauma and postdislocation injuries are other common causes of collateral ligament injury, which can occur on either side of the joint. (medscape.com)
  • The medial elbow collateral ligament resists valgus force and supports the ulnohumeral joint. (medscape.com)
  • Shoulder Injury Recovery, The ulnar collateral ligament is a strong band that is attached to the middle joint of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal joint). (greensand.shop)
  • Ligaments can be perfectly isometric, meaning they are equally tight throughout the entire arc of motion of a joint, or they can be functionally involved in only a portion of the arc of motion. (medscape.com)
  • The joint capsule blends with the palmar plate and the collateral ligaments. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, each MP joint essentially has 4 collateral ligaments. (medscape.com)
  • How does an ACL knee injury occur? (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • An ACL knee injury typically occurs during cutting, twisting or pivoting activities or with hyperextension injuries. (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • An ACL knee injury is graded on the amount of ligament tearing and, therefore, severity of the injury. (emoryhealthcare.org)
  • The main objective of our stratified cluster randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular warm-up programme in reducing the rate of acute knee injury, particularly anterior cruciate ligament injury, in adolescent female football players. (bmj.com)
  • During the overhead throwing motion, valgus stress on the medial elbow occurs during arm cocking and acceleration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skiing and football are the most common sources for injuries to this ligament. (healthline.com)
  • Chronic, or long-term, instability due to an old injury to the collateral ligaments is a common problem. (morephysicaltherapy.com)
  • The most common ligament to be injured in the thumb is the ulnar collateral ligament (see Figure 1). (massgeneral.org)
  • Wrist, shoulder, and ankle injuries are more common among snowboarders, while knee ligament injuries are more common in skiers. (nih.gov)
  • In this blog post, we will explore the causes of outside knee pain, including common injuries such as iliotibial band syndrome and lateral collateral ligament injury. (onebodyldn.com)
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL ) injuries are more common than PCL injuries, and can rarely cause posterior knee pain as well. (beginnertriathlete.com)
  • Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is one of the most common knee injuries, especially in young athletic patients. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • It has been documented that most MCL injuries (75%) occurred with a contact mechanism, where the two most common playing situations were being tackled and tackling. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • There are some cases that the surgeon will need to reattach ligament through a surgical procedure but it less common. (wbsphysicaltherapy.com)
  • Ligament injuries in the knee are common. (hje.org.uk)
  • Knee ligament injuries are quite common, especially among athletes. (orthopaedic-surgery-md.com)
  • The injury usually occurs when the lower leg is forced sideways, either toward the other knee (medially) or away from the other knee (laterally). (morephysicaltherapy.com)
  • Preventing abnormal sideways motion of the knee are the collateral ligaments - the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), which are located on the inside and outside respectively, of the knee. (healthxchange.sg)