Observatory detecting photons with energies gamma rays. Medical search. Frequent questions

A further barrel-shaped CsI shield, also in electronic anticoincidence, surrounded the central detector on the sides and provided coarse collimation, rejecting gamma rays and charged particles from the sides or most of the forward field-of-view (FOV). (wikipedia.org)
These phenomena included supernova explosions, interactions of cosmic rays (very energetic charged particles in space) with interstellar gas, and interactions of energetic electrons with magnetic fields . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Unlike neutrinos, cosmic rays are charged particles and so their path is bent by magnetic fields, even weak ones. (esa.int)
Because cosmic rays are charged particles, their paths are bent by the magnetic fields that fill space. (yenra.com)
As the black hole devours matter from its surroundings, it ejects jets of charged particles traveling almost as fast as light into space, generating beams of gamma rays in the process. (astronomynow.com)
But some of the gravitational energy released during the in-fall of matter onto the black hole is converted through the acceleration of charged particles and the emission of electromagnetic radiation, and possibly cosmic rays. (wisc.edu)
NectarCAM is a camera for detecting the Cherenkov radiation of charged particles produced by very high energy photons in the Earth's atmosphere. (cea.fr)

The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was a space observatory detecting photons with energies from 20 keV to 30 GeV, in Earth orbit from 1991 to 2000. (wikipedia.org)
Artist's image of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) was designed to take advantage of the major advances in detector technology during the 1980s, and it was launched in 1991. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The observation of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) in the gamma ray band has been advanced by the AGILE and Fermi satellites after the era of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. (aanda.org)
In recent years, after the demise of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory, the observation of GRBs in the MeV to GeV band is continuing thanks to the gamma ray imagers aboard the AGILE and Fermi satellites. (aanda.org)
This database table comprises the gamma-ray bursts detected by the BATSE instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO). (nasa.gov)
The LAT has already collected hundreds of times more gamma rays than the previous-generation EGRET instrument on NASA's Compton Gamma-ray Observatory - an advance that has tremendously deepened insights into the production of this energetic radiation. (astronomynow.com)
creator_did = ivo://CDS/P/EGRET/sup100 obs_collection = Gamma-ray EGRET maps - sup 100MeV obs_title = EGRET sup 100MeV obs_description = This data presents all-sky maps of diffuse gamma radiation in energy ranges between 100 MeV to 150 MeV, based on data collected by the EGRET instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. (unistra.fr)

The signal, a burst of high energetic photons, was consistent with the emission from a Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB). (ac.be)
This gamma-ray burst emitted the most energetic photons ever detected in this type of event. (cea.fr)
The new pixel-based silicon detector technology could be used on next-generation gamma-ray observatories to detect highly energetic photons emanating from the most powerful events in the universe, including colliding galaxies and black holes. (worldpeoplenews.com)
It found gamma rays from GRC 180720B that were 440 billion electron Volts (typical visible light photons that we see range from 2-3 eV, so there are extremely energetic photons), the highest ever seen. (syfy.com)

The observatory featured four main telescopes in one spacecraft, covering X-rays and gamma rays, including various specialized sub-instruments and detectors. (wikipedia.org)
This discovery opens a new observation window for detection of other pulsars in the tens of teraelectronvolt range with current and upcoming more sensitive gamma-ray telescopes, hence paving the way for a better understanding of the extreme acceleration processes in highly magnetized astrophysical objects," says Djannati-Atai. (scitechdaily.com)
Space telescopes are useful for the study of cosmic gamma rays, most of which are absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
MAGIC telescopes, on the island of La Palma, detect photons in the range of teraelectronvolts in a gamma ray explosion (GRB), the product of the death of a very massive star. (iaa.es)
Such cascade can initiate air showers in the Earth's atmosphere that gamma-ray telescopes, such as the next-generation gamma-ray observatory Cherenkov Telescope Array, can detect through Cherenkov emission. (edu.pl)
The observations, initially made by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station and confirmed by ground- and space-based telescopes around the globe, help resolve a century-old riddle about what sends subatomic particles such as neutrinos and protons speeding through the universe. (yenra.com)
A later follow-up by MAGIC detected gamma rays of even higher energies, and observations from other instruments-including optical, radio, and X-ray telescopes-bolstered the case for TXS 0506+056 as the source of the Sept. 22 high-energy cosmic neutrinos. (yenra.com)
To study gamma rays, astronomers build telescopes in space. (symmetrymagazine.org)
To see gamma rays before they reach the atmosphere, astronomers have to build telescopes in space. (symmetrymagazine.org)
The NANOGrav team used a sample of pulsars across the Milky Way to form a galactic gravitational-wave detector called a pulsar timing array that detects this gravitational wave background (GWB) using radio telescopes. (andyross.net)
While detecting the strong and steady emission or outbursts of gamma-ray sources with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) has become routine, pulsars are much more challenging to detect due to their weak signals and the typical dominance of the foreground gamma-ray signal from the surrounding nebulae. (ifae.es)
Now that the LST-1 has shown that it can detect the Crab pulsar, it joins the field of telescopes capable of detecting gamma-ray pulsars, validating the timestamping system and the low-energy performance of the telescope. (ifae.es)
In January, the MAGIC telescopes on the Canary Islands observed light at this energy level for the first time. (uj.ac.za)
Several telescopes on board space missions observed a gamma ray burst, which was named GRB 190114C. (uj.ac.za)
One of these telescopes was the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, another the Swift Space Observatory. (uj.ac.za)
For the first 10 days after the burst, many telescopes on Earth could detect the afterglow also. (uj.ac.za)
More than 20 other telescopes and observatories around the world focused their attention onto the spot to watch the celestial fireworks. (weirdnews.info)
The CTA Observatory - operating arrays of Cherenkov telescopes on two sites, one in each hemisphere - is intended to provide a service to a wide scientific community, beyond those institutes currently involved in the design of the instrument and in the preparation of its construction. (europa.eu)
The electronics developed by IRFU now equips the four oldest gamma-ray telescopes of H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) in Namibia. (cea.fr)
When other telescopes, notably the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (which is always on and looking in all directions) and the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescope or MAGIC, followed up on the IceCube alert, TXS 0506+056 - dubbed "the Texas source" by some astronomers - came into focus from previously gathered observations. (wisc.edu)
The high-energy neutrino detected by IceCube, says Halzen, seems to be coincident with flaring of the blazar TXS 0506+056 as observed by both the Fermi and MAGIC gamma-ray telescopes. (wisc.edu)
By observing the same shower with the several telescopes, it is possible to reconstruct the kinematics of the incident photon (stereoscopy). (cea.fr)
NectarCAM was designed for the Medium Size Telescopes (MST) telescopes of the CTA Observatory ( https://cta-observatory.org ). (cea.fr)
Within seconds NASA's orbiting Fermi and Swift gamma-ray satellites detected it, and sent out an automated alert to other telescopes to look for it. (syfy.com)

Following a detection by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory on 22 September 2017, ESA's INTEGRAL satellite joined a collaboration of observatories in space and on the ground that kept an eye on the neutrino source, heralding the thrilling future of multi-messenger astronomy. (esa.int)
On 22 September 2017, one of these high-energy neutrinos arrived at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole [2] . (esa.int)
The IceCube observatory, which encompasses a cubic kilometre of deep, pristine ice, detects neutrinos through their secondary particles, muons. (esa.int)
During the 22 September event, a traversing muon deposited 22 TeV of energy in the IceCube detector. (esa.int)
Neutrino detection at the IceCube observatory. (esa.int)
So, following the detection, IceCube scientists circulated the coordinates in the sky of the neutrino's origin, inferred from their observations, to a worldwide network of ground and space-based observatories working across the full electromagnetic spectrum. (esa.int)
Particularly interesting are the searches for correlation between the high-energy astrophysical neutrinos detected by the IceCube (IC) Observatory and gamma-ray photons detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). (aas.org)
Equipped with a nearly real-time alert system-developed in part by researchers at UMD and triggered by a single very high-energy neutrino colliding with an atomic nucleus in the Antarctic ice in or near IceCube's detectors-the IceCube experiment broadcast the coordinates from which the Sept. 22 neutrino likely came. (yenra.com)
Fermi was the first telescope to identify enhanced gamma-ray activity from TXS 0506+056 within 0.06 degrees of the IceCube neutrino direction. (yenra.com)
Detecting high-energy cosmic neutrinos requires a massive particle detector, and IceCube is by volume the world's largest. (yenra.com)
Most neutrinos in IceCube are particles formed when cosmic rays hit our atmosphere. (andyross.net)
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has made a map of the Milky Way in neutrinos. (andyross.net)
Each year, IceCube detects a dozen or so cosmic neutrinos with such high energy that they stand out against a haze of atmospheric and solar neutrinos. (andyross.net)
On 2017 September 22, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory reported the detection of the high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A, of potential astrophysical origin. (psu.edu)
100 GeV) emission was observed from the blazar by VERITAS in the two-week period immediately following the IceCube alert, TXS 0506+056 was detected by VERITAS with a significance of 5.8 standard deviations (σ) in the full 35 hr data set. (psu.edu)
Among them, Dr. Kevin Meagher, scientist at the Interuniversity Institute for High Energy (ULB-VUB) in Brussels and member of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. (ac.be)
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic kilometer detector buried in the ice of the South Pole, Antarctica. (ac.be)
With the recent discovery of an astrophysical flux of neutrinos by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, the advent of neutrino astronomy has arrived, bringing forth the possibility of viewing the cosmos through the lens of the neutrino. (scholarpedia.org)
In full operation since 2000, it represented a proof of concept for the kilometer-scale neutrino observatory, IceCube. (scholarpedia.org)
A population of cosmic neutrinos covering the 30 TeV-1 PeV energy region were revealed by the first two years of IceCube data. (scholarpedia.org)
The origin of the diffuse high-energy neutrino emission observed with IceCube is so far unknown. (scholarpedia.org)
Maybe the multimessenger observations of a flaring active galaxy, actually a blazar, in spatial and time coincidence with a 290 TeV cosmic neutrino detected by IceCube on September 22, 2017, represents a breakthrough in the search for the sources of cosmic neutrinos ( Aartsen, 2017c ). (scholarpedia.org)
Researchers achieved this extraordinary result, published in Science, by combining the data from the IceCube neutrino detector, which operates among the glaciers of the South Pole, with 15 other experiments for detecting photons from Earth and in space. (infn.it)
The word blazar is only a label for an active galaxy where the jet happens to point toward Earth," explains Francis Halzen, a University of Wisconsin-Madison professor of physics and the lead scientist for the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. (wisc.edu)
Students will learn in deep about the implementation of the experimental methods in the satellite (AMS-02, Fermi-LAT) and ground-based (Pierre Auger, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, VERITAS, CTA, HAWC, ARGO-YBJ) detectors of very-high energy (VHE) cosmic rays and gamma-rays, as well of the VHE neutrino detectors (IceCube, KM3NET). (ung.si)

The first true astrophysical gamma-ray sources detected were solar flares, which revealed the strong 2.223 MeV line predicted by Morrison. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
There is no strict theoretical limit on the highest energy of astrophysical gamma rays, so far as I know, but there are some practical limitations. (astronomy.com)
From this, scientists estimated the energy of the parent neutrino to be around 290 TeV, indicating a 50 percent chance that it had an astrophysical origin beyond the Solar System. (esa.int)
However, any exotic signal must be distinguished from more conventional astrophysical processes: the Galactic sea of cosmic rays, unresolved gamma-ray emission from our Milky Way and beyond, and specific sites of particle acceleration including black holes, pulsars, and supernova remnants. (wm.edu)
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is an observatory for very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, which will provide observers with data on astrophysical objects over a very wide range of energies, between 20 GeV and 300 TeV. (europa.eu)
Astrophysical neutrinos are one of the by-products of cosmic ray accelerators. (scholarpedia.org)
The researchers also ruled out a couple of alternative astrophysical sources for the signal: photons emitted either when very large black holes suck in material from their surroundings or when ions of sulphur take electrons from hydrogen in the centre of galaxy clusters. (bbc.com)
Space-based experiments such as the Fermi satellite's Large Area (LAT), which detects gamma rays above 100 MeV, reveal a population of sources with no astrophysical counterpart at other wavelengths. (cea.fr)

The first is the energy of the particle that produces the gamma ray. (astronomy.com)
The maximum particle energy therefore depends upon the magnetic field strength and the size of the acceleration region. (astronomy.com)
When a particle reaches a velocity high enough that it can escape the acceleration region, the acceleration stops, and the particle gains no further energy. (astronomy.com)
Gamma-ray observatories, such as the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) and the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory (HAWC), can observe over effective areas as large as a football field by detecting the products of these particle cascades at ground level. (astronomy.com)
The Pierre Auger Observatory has detected more muons from cosmic-ray showers than predicted by the most up-to-date particle-physics models. (aps.org)
Using its giant array of particle detectors, the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina has found that more muons arrive on the ground from cosmic-ray showers than expected from models using LHC data as input [ 1 ]. (aps.org)
When a cosmic-ray particle collides with a molecule in Earth's atmosphere, it generates a cascade of secondary particles. (aps.org)
This is simply because the rate of events is too low: At an energy equivalent to 10 times the center-of-mass energy at the LHC, the cosmic-ray flux is only about one particle per square kilometer per year. (aps.org)
The primary instrument on board the spacecraft is a particle detector optimized to measure the arrival directions and energies of high energy photons (20 MeV to >300 GeV) and also charged cosmic rays. (wm.edu)
Many theories of dark matter involve the possibility of annihilation and/or decay into standard model particles, which could be detected by Fermi and thereby provide indirect evidence for the particle nature of dark matter. (wm.edu)
That static electricity also acts like a giant particle accelerator, creating pairs of electrons and positrons, which then annihilate into gamma rays. (symmetrymagazine.org)
That same year, the American physicist Carl Anderson, at the California Institute of Technology, was taking pictures of strange particle tracks left by cosmic rays traversing a particle detector known as a cloud chamber. (symmetrymagazine.org)
When a charged particle transfers some of its energy to a photon, that's called Inverse-Compton scattering. (planet-today.com)
The Large Aperture GRB Observatory (LAGO) project aims at the detection of high energy photons from Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) using the single particle technique in ground-based water-Cherenkov detectors (WCD). (cnea.gov.ar)
At high energies, the struck quark and the other spectator quarks in the nucleus (not shown) produces a particle shower. (scholarpedia.org)
Since gamma rays are often produced in violent processes, their observation sheds light on extreme cosmic environments, such as powerful star explosions, high-speed particle jets spewed out by supermassive black holes, and ultradense neutron stars spinning unimaginably fast. (astronomynow.com)
Less than a minute after the energetic particle was detected, a public alert was sent to observatories worldwide to look in the direction the neutrino came from in hopes of identifying a source of the cosmic neutrino, a grail of physics and astronomy. (wisc.edu)
The presentation of such a wide range of topics is built up over the common main goals of an (astro) particle physicist, which are the measurement of the energy (calorimetry), the reconstruction of the trajectory, and constraining the nature of the high-energy particles. (ung.si)
With practical work on examples from current and planned experiments, they learn advanced techniques of the particle tracking, calorimetry and muon detection, and the methods of primary particle reconstruction based on the detected particle cascades. (ung.si)
The photons from the particle shower are imaged in the focal plane of a telescope. (cea.fr)
In fact, in addition to improved position sensitivity, energy resolution, and lower power consumption, the pixel detector technology would easily be the best choice for any particle-detecting mission because they are easy to produce and inexpensive, especially compared with silicon strip detectors. (worldpeoplenews.com)

These included NASA's Fermi gamma-ray space telescope and the Major Atmospheric Gamma-Ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) on La Palma, in the Canary Islands, which looked to this portion of the sky and found the known blazar, TXS 0506+056, in a 'flaring' state - a period of intense high-energy emission - at the same time the neutrino was detected at the South Pole. (esa.int)
AGILE and Fermi are showing that the GeV-bright GRBs share a set of common features, particularly the high fluence from the keV up to the GeV energy bands, the high value of the minimum Lorentz factor, an extended emission of gamma rays, which is often delayed with respect to lower energies, and finally the possible multiple spectral components. (aanda.org)
GRB 100724B, localised in a joint effort by Fermi and the InterPlanetary Newtork, is the brightest burst detected in gamma rays so far by AGILE. (aanda.org)
GRBs observed in gamma rays by AGILE and Fermi , which include both long and short events, exhibit peculiar and distinctive features. (aanda.org)
Two gamma-ray observatories, NASA's orbiting Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescope, or MAGIC, in the Canary Islands, detected a flare of high-energy gamma rays that also appeared to come from TXS 0506+056, a convergence of observations that convincingly implicated the blazar as the most likely source. (yenra.com)
In a decade of Fermi observations of this source, this was the strongest flare in gamma rays, the highest-energy photons. (yenra.com)
Abstract: The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is an ideal observatory to search for the annihilation/decay of dark matter particles in the cosmos. (wm.edu)
Instead an observatory like the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detects the signal from gamma rays when they hit a detector and convert into pairs of electrons and positrons. (symmetrymagazine.org)
Most days, the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope detects these flashes. (uj.ac.za)
The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (FGST) can even detect afterglow light at giga-electron volt energies. (uj.ac.za)
It was first spotted by two satellites designed to detect gamma-ray bursts - the Swift Observatory and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope - and to them, it looked like any other GRB. (weirdnews.info)
NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope discovered it. (planet-today.com)
NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, NASA's Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, and other experiments have all detected them. (planet-today.com)
The study is titled "Detection of a gamma-ray halo around Geminga with the Fermi-LAT data and implications for the positron flux. (planet-today.com)
It was soon determined that the neutrino direction was consistent with the location of the gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 (3FGL J0509.4+0541), which was in an elevated gamma-ray emission state as measured by the Fermi satellite. (psu.edu)
The LIGO and Virgo collaborations have announced the first detection of a binary neutron star merger, also detected as a Gamma-Ray Burst by the Fermi satellite. (ac.be)
These theoretical predictions were confirmed by the Fermi satellite, which has detected light coming from the BNS 2 seconds after the gravitational waves. (ac.be)
Amongst essentially the most not too long ago acknowledged science drivers, sensitive observations of the sky at MeV energies with unprecedented excessive decision can open a brand new window to grasp sophisticated areas such because the Galactic middle, the origin of the Fermi Bubbles, the origin of the 511 keV line, potential Galactic winds, the mechanisms of propagation for low-power cosmic rays, their sources and their role in Galactic evolution. (priroda-rb.info)
Then, we present the specific matters that a GECCO mission might be ready to deal with: the separation between sources and really diffuse emission that will permit us to lastly shed gentle on the Galactic center gamma-ray excess, the darkish matter, the Fermi Bubbles, and the 511 keV line. (priroda-rb.info)
This view shows the entire sky at energies greater than 1 GeV based on five years of data from the LAT instrument on NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. (astronomynow.com)
NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope gives astrophysicists analogous powers. (astronomynow.com)
At a galactic scale, such an ejection mechanism could have produced what is known as the Fermi bubbles - two giant areas above and below the center of the disk of our Milky Way galaxy that shine in gamma rays. (astronomynow.com)
AstroPix's advantage is best illustrated by comparing it with detectors flying on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. (worldpeoplenews.com)

Detectors aboard the Vela satellite series, designed to detect flashes of gamma rays from nuclear bomb blasts, began to record bursts of gamma rays not from the vicinity of the Earth but from deep space. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In the 1990s, observatories in space detected bursts of gamma rays coming from Earth that eventually were traced to thunderclouds. (symmetrymagazine.org)
Once the data looked straightforward, at least in terms of bursts of gamma rays from outer space. (theregister.com)
With the help of the information from gravitational wave detectors, astrophysicists have been able to present "indisputable evidence" that these anomalous long bursts of gamma rays are also connected to mergers of compact objects such as neutron stars, overturning years of established thinking in astrophysics. (theregister.com)

The Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) by the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, the University of New Hampshire, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, and ESA's Astrophysics Division was tuned to the 0.75-30 MeV energy range and determined the angle of arrival of photons to within a degree and the energy to within five percent at higher energies. (wikipedia.org)
But this is not the end of the story: using deep observations with H.E.S.S., a new radiation component at even higher energies has now been discovered, with energies of up to tens of tera-electronvolts (TeV). (scitechdaily.com)
Higher-energy gamma rays certainly exist in the universe, since particles with much higher energies have been observed. (astronomy.com)
A key question is whether the interactions determined at the LHC are the same at higher energies. (aps.org)

Large area cosmic ray observatories, like the Pierre Auger Observatory, are searching for them. (astronomy.com)
This illustration shows the detection of a hybrid event from a cosmic-ray shower in the Pierre Auger Observatory. (aps.org)

Costing $617 million, the CGRO was part of NASA's "Great Observatories" series, along with the Hubble Space Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope. (wikipedia.org)
In 1961, the Explorer 11 satellite carried the first space-based gamma-ray telescope, which detected less than 100 cosmic gamma-ray photons. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
We study the feasibility of detecting such phenomena using Monte-Carlo simulations of nearly horizontal air showers for the example of the La Palma site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array. (edu.pl)
The pixels in the camera of the fluorescence telescope (light blue semicircle) trace the shower profile-specifically, the energy loss of the shower as a function of its penetration into the atmosphere. (aps.org)
The first prototype of the Large Size Telescope (LST) of the Cherenkov Telescope Network (CTA), the LST-1, has detected the Crab Pulsar, the neutron star at the centre of the Crab Nebula. (ifae.es)
The Large-Sized Telescope (LST) is one of three types of telescope to be built to cover CTA's full energy range (20 GeV to 300 TeV). (ifae.es)
Each LST is a giant 23 metre diameter telescope with a mirror area of about 400 square metres and a fine pixelized camera made of 1855 light sensors capable of detecting individual photons with high efficiency. (ifae.es)
With the H.E.S.S. gamma-ray telescope, for example, they observe the remnants of supernovae. (mpg.de)
In fact, about a minute after the gamma-ray bursts' light got to Earth, the MAGIC telescope on the Canary Islands found what researchers had hoped for. (uj.ac.za)
The telescope had detected radiation of 1 tera-electron volt or more, lasting as long as predicted for a dying star. (uj.ac.za)
Although it can't detect gamma rays, the space telescope was able to help determine how far away the event was, and what kind of conditions may have contributed to its extreme energy. (weirdnews.info)
The goals and design of the CTA Observatory are described in the documents (i) Design Concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (2010), (ii) Seeing the High-Energy Universe with the Cherenkov Telescope Array - The Science Explored with the CTA, Astroparticle Physics special volume, 43 (2013), (iii) CTA Preliminary Technical Design Report (Oct. 2013) and (iv) CTA Technical Design Report (TDR, Reviewer version July 2014). (europa.eu)
The researchers found that the strength of their 3.5 keV signal was consistent with data from another Nasa X-ray satellite, the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuStar). (bbc.com)
GECCO GECCO is a innovative combination of a Compton telescope with a coded aperture mask to provide delicate high-accuracy measurements of cosmic photons in the 50 keV to 10 MeV vitality range. (priroda-rb.info)
The Compton telescope measures the detected photon power and reconstructs a cone, or an event circle, of its arrival path by analysis of the occasion pattern within the CdZnTe Imaging calorimeter (IC), as illustrated in Fig. 2. (priroda-rb.info)
On April 12, one of the spacecraft's instruments - the Large Area Telescope (LAT), which was conceived of and assembled at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory - detected its billionth extraterrestrial gamma ray. (astronomynow.com)

Astronomers have found that the universe contains a uniform background of gamma radiation, which has been attributed to the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar gas. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
An international group of astronomers led by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía finds a periodic variation in the X-ray emission of the central star of the Eskimo Nebula. (iaa.es)
Even the clearest mountain air is opaque to these high-energy photons, so astronomers infer their presence by measuring the bursts of secondary particles that gamma rays create when they collide with the atmosphere. (thehindu.com)
Astronomers eventually realized these explosions were coming from deep space-not the Soviet Union-and named them gamma-ray bursts, or GRBs. (symmetrymagazine.org)
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are already the most energetic events we know of in the universe, and now, astronomers have detected the most powerful gamma ray burst ever. (weirdnews.info)
So by the time cosmic rays reach Earth, astronomers can't pinpoint their source. (planet-today.com)
This is important, because astronomers had predicted these kinds of energies could be achieved in GRBs, but it had never been seen before. (syfy.com)
In an accompanying article , Luigi Piro, professor at Italy's National Astrophysics Institute, explained: "Over the past 25 years, astronomers have studied emissions at wavelengths longer than gamma-rays to pinpoint the source of these bursts, and have deduced that the two classes of burst come from distinct progenitor systems. (theregister.com)

It is called "dark" because it does not appear to interact with the electromagnetic field, which means it does not absorb, reflect, or emit electromagnetic radiation and is, therefore, difficult to detect. (thehindu.com)
The pulsar is known to emit pulses of gamma rays during phases P1 and P2. (ifae.es)
Black holes, pulsars, remnants of exploded stars - these celestial bodies accelerate particles to enormous energies and emit high-energy gamma radiation. (mpg.de)
Among the LAT discoveries are more than 200 pulsars - rapidly rotating, highly magnetized cores of collapsed stars that were up to 30 times more massive than the Sun. Before Fermi's launch, only seven of these objects were known to emit gamma rays. (astronomynow.com)
As pulsars spin around their axis, they emit "beams" of gamma rays like cosmic lighthouses. (astronomynow.com)
The LAT data have led us to totally revise our understanding of how pulsars emit gamma rays. (astronomynow.com)
In nine years in space, the LAT has discovered more than 200 pulsars - rapidly spinning, very dense and highly magnetized neutron stars that emit "beams" of gamma rays like cosmic lighthouses. (astronomynow.com)
The LAT has also shown for the first time that novae - thermonuclear explosions on the surface of stars that have accumulated material from neighboring stars - can emit gamma rays. (astronomynow.com)
Alessio Mei, PhD student at Gran Sasso Science Institute in L'Aquila, Italy, also showed that the third class of gamma ray bursts also emit more high-energy photons than expected in the gigaelectronvolt range, whereas previously, the only known electromagnetic signature of a kilonova was the optical infrared flash. (theregister.com)

Its super high energy photons flew through the vast universe for about 2 billion years and coincidentally splashed on a newly built observatory in China. (news.cn)
HESS doesn't see gamma rays directly, but is sensitive to the glow in our own atmosphere when these super-high-energy photons slam into the air, moving faster than light in that medium (which is slower than light speed in a vacuum, so no physical laws are broken here). (syfy.com)

Most of the gamma rays coming from space are absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A typical astronomical source produces just a few gamma rays per square meter of Earth's surface every year - so we need a very large detector. (astronomy.com)
These aggressive events are heralded by gamma rays, whichtravel straight through the universe and eventually impact on the Earth's atmosphere. (mpg.de)
In 1932, Anderson confirmed that the tracks came from the particles Dirac had predicted, produced when cosmic rays collided with Earth's atmosphere. (symmetrymagazine.org)
And nonetheless cosmic rays have been noticed placing Earth's atmosphere at particularly people velocities, their passage marked, for instance, by the detection tanks at the Significant-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory close to Puebla, Mexico. (nhenhenhem.com)
The candidate particles, ranging from protons to nuclei as massive as iron, generate "extensive air-showers" (EAS) in interactions with air nuclei when en- tering the Earth's atmosphere. (lu.se)

Almost 3.5 years after GW170817 went off, I was woken at 4 AM by the notification of the new observations acquired with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and I saw something unexpected, and exciting! (harvard.edu)
The background image shows the center of the Milky Way as seen by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. (astronomynow.com)

The majority of neutrinos arriving at Earth derive from the Sun, but those that reach us with the highest energies are thought to stem from the same sources as cosmic rays - highly energetic particles originating from exotic sources outside the Solar System. (esa.int)
They do accelerate cosmic rays, but they are not capable to get to highest energies," she reported. (nhenhenhem.com)
Now we are receiving confirmation that they are capable to go to highest energies. (nhenhenhem.com)
These two emitted individual photons with the highest energies ever seen . (syfy.com)

In that year, the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-ray Observatory (HAWC) confirmed what some ground-based detections had found: a small but intense gamma-ray halo around Geminga. (planet-today.com)
Use of water-Cherenkov detectors to detect Gamma Ray Bursts at the Large Aperture GRB Observatory (LAGO). (cnea.gov.ar)
implementation in Cherenkov ground-based gamma-ray astronomy. (ung.si)
The front-end electronics can read a few tens of nanoseconds around the arrival time of Cherenkov photons in the focal plane. (cea.fr)

In addition, they have detected immensely powerful gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that appear to come from sources in deep space. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the universe. (astronomy.com)
In more than thirty years of study a wealth of information has been gathered about the prompt emission of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) in hard X-rays. (aanda.org)
Moreover, in the majority of GRBs observed so far in gamma rays, the GeV component has a longer duration than the keV−MeV one. (aanda.org)
Today we know GRBs come in two types: the explosions of extremely massive stars, which pump out gamma rays as they die, and collisions between highly dense relics of stars called neutron stars and something else, probably another neutron star or a black hole. (symmetrymagazine.org)
That's good for our health, but not so great for those who want to study GRBs and other sources of gamma rays. (symmetrymagazine.org)
GRBs are produced when stars go supernova and collapse into either neutron stars or black holes, ejecting massive amounts of plasma at close to the speed of light and throwing out more energy in seconds than the Sun will in its lifetime. (weirdnews.info)
High-energy GRBs with energies in the region of tera-electron-volts were theoretically predicted," says Masahiro Teshima, an author of the study. (weirdnews.info)
To watch for that, whenever these instruments detect GRBs they immediately signal to other facilities which can follow up observations. (weirdnews.info)
LHAASO observed the complete high-energy light curve that other experiments have yet to reach, providing a perfect database for precise tests of the theoretical models on GRBs. (news.cn)
GRBs are the most violent explosive phenomena in the universe, with energy emitted within a few seconds equivalent to the total energy radiated by the Sun over 10 billion years, said Gao He, a professor at the Beijing Normal University. (news.cn)
That is the gamma-ray burst: An intensely high-energy pair of beams - calling them death rays is not really an exaggeration, as it's nearly impossible to exaggerate anything about GRBs - that scream outward into space. (syfy.com)

Gamma-ray astronomy is a branch of astronomy that deals with the detection and study of gamma rays in the cosmos. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo interferometer have been designed to open the field of gravitational-wave astrophysics providing direct detection of gravitational waves. (ac.be)
The first detection of light from GW170817 was with gamma-rays two seconds after the merger, followed by strong emission in UV, optical and IR (UVOIR) wavelengths. (harvard.edu)

However, to attain these energies, the electrons might have to travel even farther than the magnetosphere, yet the rotational emission pattern needs to remain intact. (scitechdaily.com)
Work by Eugene Feenberg and H. Primakoff in 1948, Sachio Hayakawa and I.B. Hutchinson in 1952, and Morrison in 1958, led to the prediction that a number of different phenomena in the cosmos would result in the emission of gamma rays. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Significant gamma-ray emission from our galaxy was first detected in 1967 by the gamma-ray detector aboard the OSO-3 satellite. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
An invisible companion could explain the strong X-ray emission of the Eskimo Nebula. (iaa.es)
We perform a careful sensitivity study and place upper limits on the fraction of the observed neutrinos that would be produced in proton-proton or proton-gamma interactions from the population of sources contributing to the UGRB emission and dominating its spatial anisotropy: blazars. (aas.org)
Blazars are powerful sources of emission across the electromagnetic spectrum and are observed to be sources of high-energy gamma ray photons. (yenra.com)
The emission detected in all phases (marked green in Figure 2) is a mixture of different background contributions, including the irreducible steady emission from the Crab Nebula. (ifae.es)
Second, such a burst starts with a 'bang' of very bright gamma-ray emission that pulses brighter and dimmer before it fades away. (uj.ac.za)
The science drivers of the cited proposed missions span Galactic sources, extragalactic objects, transients, dark matter, cosmic rays (CRs), diffuse continuum emission, and nucleosynthesis of parts. (priroda-rb.info)
Emission at X-rays and radio wavelengths was not seen for 1-2 weeks after the merger. (harvard.edu)
Our team at Northwestern University and University of California, Berkeley has monitored the evolution of GW170817 the entire time, and we noted that for almost 900 days (or 2.5 years) post-merger, the X-ray and radio emission was powered by the jet afterglow. (harvard.edu)

These flashes, also called pulses of radiation, can be searched for in different energy bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. (scitechdaily.com)
On their outward journey, the electrons acquire energy and release it in the form of the observed radiation beams," says Bronek Rudak from the Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center (CAMK PAN) in Poland, also a co-author. (scitechdaily.com)
That is about 200 times more energetic than all radiation ever detected before from this object," says co-author Christo Venter from the North-West University in South Africa. (scitechdaily.com)
Gamma rays are the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation and are produced by phenomena such as explosions and high-speed collisions. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Gamma radiation from space has very high energy levels. (astronomy.com)
These jets are colossal columns that funnel radiation, photons and particles - including neutrinos and cosmic rays - tens of light years away from the central black hole at speeds very close to the speed of light. (esa.int)
As ultra-high energy photons (EeV and beyond) propagate from their sources of production to Earth, radiation-matter interactions can occur, leading to an effective screening of the incident flux. (edu.pl)
However, for a long time, the observation of ultra-high-energy gamma rays produced by heavy dark matter has been challenging mainly because of the presence of background radiation. (thehindu.com)
Like all other forms of electromagnetic radiation including visible light, Fast Radio Bursts travel through space as waves of photon particles. (eurekalert.org)
To monitor nuclear tests in the 1960s, the United States launched gamma radiation detectors on satellites. (symmetrymagazine.org)
The electrons' light is called the afterglow radiation from the gamma-ray burst. (uj.ac.za)
Scientists routinely detect afterglow radiation at radio, optical, X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths. (uj.ac.za)
The established synchrotron radiation model could not readily explain these photons. (uj.ac.za)
The radiation ranged from radio frequencies up to very high energy gamma-rays. (uj.ac.za)
Very high-energy (VHE) electromagnetic radiation reaches Earth from a large part of the Cosmos, carrying crucial and unique information about the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. (europa.eu)
Approaching these energies, the universe becomes opaque to electromagnetic radiation. (scholarpedia.org)
The flux of photons collected by LHAASO indicates that they came from the afterglow, the radiation following the main burst, and were produced when the ejected matter collides with the surrounding interstellar gas at speeds very close to the speed of light. (news.cn)

Those are presented below in order of increasing spectral energy coverage: The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center searched the sky for gamma-ray bursts (20 to >600 keV) and conducted full-sky surveys for long-lived sources. (wikipedia.org)
That is the claim of US scientists who analysed the energy spectrum of X-rays gathered by Nasa's Chandra satellite. (bbc.com)
But in 2006, NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift observatory found a new kind of long gamma-ray burst with no evidence of a collapsing star. (theregister.com)

During a gamma-ray source observation, one detector would take observations of the source, while the other would slew slightly off source to measure the background levels. (wikipedia.org)
These gamma rays, with energy levels 200 times more potent than any previous observations from the Vela pulsar, have prompted researchers to reconsider the mechanisms behind such powerful emissions. (scitechdaily.com)
These first gamma-ray line observations were from the spacecrafts OSO-3, OSO-7, and the Solar Maximum Mission, the last of which was launched in 1980. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The satellite carried four major instruments which have greatly improved the spatial and temporal resolution of gamma-ray observations. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The new technique will be important for analyzing the abundance of observations of Fast Radio Bursts that advanced radio-signal observatories, now being planned, are expected to detect. (eurekalert.org)
Despite hundreds of observations hours by IACTs around the globe, only four pulsars emitting signals in the very high-energy gamma-ray regime have been discovered, so far. (ifae.es)
She is advised by Prof. Raffaella Margutti, and the first author of a study that is the focus of our latest Chandra press release Aprajita uses X-ray and radio observations to constrain the physical properties of a broad set of transients, especially the ones which are known to launch outflows moving at speeds closer to the speed of light. (harvard.edu)
While some more black hole (BH)-NS and NS-NS mergers have been detected with GWs after that, GW170817 still remains the only event of its kind and is a treasure chest of several first observations in our field. (harvard.edu)
The level of brightness observed in these X-ray observations were approximately four times higher than what was expected from the jet afterglow and has remained at a constant level for around 700 days now. (harvard.edu)
The HESS international collaboration, to which CNRS and CEA contribute, has published the results of fifteen years of gamma ray observations of the Milky Way. (cea.fr)
HAWC Collaboration), "Constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation from HAWC Observations of Gamma Rays above 100 TeV," Phys. (matsati.com)

For this reason, the development of gamma-ray astronomy was delayed until it became possible to place detectors above most (if not all) of the atmosphere, using balloons or spacecraft. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Unlike detectors at accelerators, experiments like Auger do not directly detect the initial collision but only the secondary cascade that it generates. (aps.org)
cont_TJD_fits 8 BATSE detectors, 2.048s resolution/16 energy channels. (nasa.gov)
discla_TJD.fits 8 BATSE detectors, 1.024 s resolution/4 energy channels. (nasa.gov)
XXX_TJD1_TJD2_nhis.fits Data for one or more BATSE detectors for available energy channels as source count rate (counts/sec) from which the background has been subtracted - used for light curves. (nasa.gov)
This database table contains values for T90 and T50, quantities related to burst duration, for 1234 gamma-ray bursts that triggered the BATSE LAD detectors between April 1991 and 29 August 1996. (nasa.gov)
On October 9, 2022, at 13:16 and 59.99 seconds, a gamma-ray burst (GRB) dazzled almost all the X-ray and gamma ray detectors available at the time. (cea.fr)
Using a range of detectors developed with the participation of the CEA, physicists at CEA-Irfu have scrutinized the region from which the gravitational wave was detected on August 17, 2017 by LIGO-VIRGO facilities. (cea.fr)
The new detectors would sense these photons much like a digital camera and use far less power than current space-based detectors. (worldpeoplenews.com)
Underground supercolliders, which have experiments employing the same silicon pixel-type detectors, accelerate protons and ions to near the speed of light in opposite directions at very high energies. (worldpeoplenews.com)
The tests help determine whether the energy resolution of the pixel detector is the same or better than the silicon strip detectors. (worldpeoplenews.com)
The AstroPiX team must prove the effectiveness of these silicon pixel detectors before the technology could be incorporated into a future gamma-ray mission, Perkins said. (worldpeoplenews.com)

Using the H.E.S.S. observatory in Namibia, scientists have detected exceptionally high-energy gamma rays from the Vela pulsar, challenging established theories on pulsed gamma rays from such stars. (scitechdaily.com)
Scientists using the H.E.S.S. observatory in Namibia have detected the highest energy gamma rays ever from a dead star called a pulsar. (scitechdaily.com)
Thus, gamma-ray astronomy provides the opportunity for scientists to study objects and phenomena in the universe that are associated with extremely high energies. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Long before scientists could detect gamma rays from cosmic sources, they had suspected that the universe may be producing photons in this energy range. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
An international team of scientists has found first evidence of a source of high-energy neutrinos: a flaring active galaxy, or blazar, 4 billion light years from Earth. (esa.int)
An international team of scientists, with key contributions from researchers at the University of Maryland, has found the first evidence of a source of high-energy cosmic neutrinos, ghostly subatomic particles that travel to Earth unhindered for billions of light years from the most extreme environments in the universe. (yenra.com)
To destroy brain cancers and other problems, medical scientists sometimes use a 'gamma ray knife. (symmetrymagazine.org)
Even though theory predicts that a Higgs boson will decay into gamma rays just 0.2 percent of the time, this type of decay is relatively easy to identify and it was one of the types that scientists observed when they first discovered the Higgs boson. (symmetrymagazine.org)
And in 1930, scientists needed something to explain why nuclei that emitted energy in the form of beta particles during radioactive decay didn't recoil straight back, but at an angle. (symmetrymagazine.org)
About 20 years ago, scientists predicted that a gargantuan energy level - tera-electron volts - would be detected in burst afterglow. (uj.ac.za)
It was the light energy that scientists had been expecting to see for about 20 years. (uj.ac.za)
For decades, scientists assumed the cosmic rays that on a regular basis bombard Earth from the considerably reaches of the galaxy are born when stars go supernova - when they increase much too substantial to guidance the fusion transpiring at their cores and explode. (nhenhenhem.com)
In its place of supernovae, the scientists posit that star clusters like the Cygnus Cocoon provide as PeVatrons - PeV accelerators - able of moving particles throughout the galaxy at these types of substantial energy charges. (nhenhenhem.com)
Fleischhack reported the paradigm shift the scientists have uncovered is that just before, experts assumed supernova remnants had been the key accelerators of cosmic rays. (nhenhenhem.com)
Initially, scientists thought that the high energy halo is caused by accelerated electrons and positrons colliding with starlight, which would boost their energy and make them super-bright. (planet-today.com)
This is not the first time that scientists have seen extra photons with an energy of about 3,500 electronvolts (3.5 keV) in the spectra recorded by X-ray satellites. (bbc.com)
With the help of an amazing team consisting of scientists from both the US and Europe, we exhausted a list of possible physically motivated scenarios that could explain this likely emergence of a new source of X-rays at such late-times, until only two seemed viable. (harvard.edu)
After a decade-long search, scientists have for the first time detected a gamma-ray burst in very-high-energy gamma light. (cea.fr)
That blazars appear to be a source of the highest energy neutrinos and thus cosmic rays is not a total surprise to scientists. (wisc.edu)

The CGRO was named after Arthur Compton, an American physicist and former chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis who received the Nobel prize for work involved with gamma-ray physics. (wikipedia.org)
Bursts were typically detected at rates of roughly one per day over the 9-year CGRO mission. (wikipedia.org)
CGRO provided large amounts of data, which are being used to improve understanding of the high-energy processes in the universe. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Gamma rays result from the interactions of electrons and protons that have been accelerated to almost the speed of light. (astronomy.com)
Cosmic rays are relativistic particles (mostly protons and light nuclei) that are produced by supernovae and other powerful sources in and beyond our galaxy. (aps.org)
Today we know alpha rays are the same thing as helium nuclei (two protons and two neutrons), beta rays are either electrons or positrons (their antimatter versions), and gamma rays are a kind of light. (symmetrymagazine.org)
PeVatrons accelerate protons to petaelectronvolts (PeVs), an tremendous quantity of kinetic energy able of slinging subatomic particles gentle-yrs throughout the galaxy. (nhenhenhem.com)
Powerful magnetic fields are wound up on the spin axis of the black hole, and particles - photons, protons, neutrinos - are accelerated through the jet and sent coursing through the cosmos. (wisc.edu)

Blazars are the central cores of giant galaxies that host an actively accreting supermassive black-hole at their heart, where matter spiralling in forms a hot, rotating disc that generates enormous amounts of energy, along with a pair of relativistic jets. (esa.int)

A signature similar to the gold and platinum producing explosion observed in light and gravitational waves in 2017 is found in the data of a 2016 gamma ray explosion. (iaa.es)
Halzen is referencing the blazar TXS 0506+056, the apparent source of a high-energy neutrino that on Sept. 22, 2017, slammed into IceCube's massive detector, made up of a cubic-kilometer of instrumented ice deep beneath the South Pole. (wisc.edu)

The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) by the Naval Research Laboratory detected gamma rays entering the field of view of any of four detector modules, which could be pointed individually, and were effective in the 0.05 to 10 MeV range. (wikipedia.org)
The BFITS data files - containing burst and background spectral data as a function of time - and the detector response matrices (DRM) - modeling the instrument response to account for scattering and other effects - are extremely useful for gamma-ray burst analysis. (nasa.gov)
Postbaccalaureate researcher Isabella Brewer is a member of the team creating a next-generation gamma-ray detector called AstroPix. (worldpeoplenews.com)
This is a breadboard of a gamma-ray detector system that Principal Investigator Regina Caputo and her team assembled to test pixel-based silicon detector technology. (worldpeoplenews.com)
This process allows us to not only collect energy from particles that enter the detector, but also to amplify their signals all in the same detector material. (worldpeoplenews.com)
These layers cross one another perpendicularly to create a grid that pinpoints the locations of high-energy particles created when a gamma ray hits a detector. (worldpeoplenews.com)
The team is testing the pixel detector in the astrophysics lab at Goddard using radioactive sources, such as cadmium, for the pixelated silicon to detect. (worldpeoplenews.com)
Piro said the next decade is set to uncover a treasure trove of evidence in the field as the next generation of Earth-based gravitational wave laboratories Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), such as the Virgo interferometer, near Pisa, Italy, and the Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA) in Japan is planned for 2023 and 2026 repectively. (theregister.com)

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN produces proton collisions with center-of-mass energies that are 13 thousand times greater than the proton's rest mass. (aps.org)
At such extreme energies these collisions create many secondary particles, whose distribution in momentum and energy reveals how the particles interact with one another. (aps.org)
Luckily, nature already provides such high-energy collisions-albeit at a much lower rate-in the form of cosmic rays entering our atmosphere. (aps.org)
The showers that the Auger collaboration analyzed come from atmospheric cosmic-ray collisions that are 10 times higher in energy than the collisions produced at the LHC. (aps.org)
In a press release, Manconi said, "To study the halo, we had to subtract out all other sources of gamma rays, including diffuse light produced by cosmic ray collisions with interstellar gas clouds. (planet-today.com)

A strong burst could result in the observation of many thousands of gamma-rays within a time interval ranging from ~0.1 s up to about 100 s. (wikipedia.org)
image: This illustration shows how two photons, one at a high frequency (nu_h) and another at a low frequency (nu_l), travel in curved space-time from their origin in a distant Fast Radio Burst (FRB) source until reaching the Earth. (eurekalert.org)
A dying star emits intense flashes of light called a gamma-ray burst. (uj.ac.za)
It is this jet of ionized star matter that causes the gamma-ray burst from the dying star. (uj.ac.za)
Also, if we could detect such light, we hoped for a new window to study the extreme environment that gamma-ray burst afterglow is produced in," he adds. (uj.ac.za)
An artist's impression of GRB190114C, the most energetic gamma ray burst ever detected with the energy of 1 TeV. (weirdnews.info)
My international team and I are proud to announce the discovery of the first gamma-ray burst with observed energies up to 1 tera-electronvolt, by far the highest-energy photons ever detected from a GRB. (weirdnews.info)
An artist's rendition of the most powerful gamma ray burst ever detected. (weirdnews.info)
The BATSE Current Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog, the BATSE GRB Team, http://gammaray.msfc.nasa.gov/batse/grb/catalog/current/ The Fourth BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog, C. A. Meegan et al. (nasa.gov)
1997). The Third BATSE BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog, C. A. Meegan et al. (nasa.gov)
combines datatypes her and herb - suggested data type for 128 energy channel burst analysis. (nasa.gov)
combines mer and cont datatypes - suggested for 16-energy channel burst analysis. (nasa.gov)
used with 4-energy channel data to determine burst photon spectra. (nasa.gov)
used with 128-energy channel counts data to generate burst photon spectra. (nasa.gov)
The speculations are very much centered on powering the accelerator by tapping the gravitational energy of supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) and, alternatively, of the collapse of a massive star into a black hole in a gamma ray burst (GRB). (scholarpedia.org)
An international research team led by Cao peered into the extremely bright and rare gamma-ray burst named GRB 221009A, based on the observation of one of China's major scientific facilities, LHAASO, and the study was published online in the latest issue of the academic journal Science. (news.cn)
About 2 billion years ago, a massive star more than 20 times heavier than our Sun used up the fusion energy from its nuclear fuel, instantly collapsed, and triggered a massive explosion, thus unleashing a burst of cosmic firework known as a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that lasted hundreds of seconds. (news.cn)
The observer happens to be directly facing the brightest core of the jet, and it naturally explains why this gamma-ray burst is the brightest in history and why such an event is so rare," said Dai Zigao, a professor from the University of Science and Technology of China. (news.cn)
Artwork depicting a gamma-ray burst with a beam of material racing away. (syfy.com)
Incredibly, HESS couldn't even observe the burst until 10 hours after it occurred, but it detected photons in this energy range for another two hours. (syfy.com)

They confirmed the earlier findings of the gamma-ray background, produced the first detailed map of the sky at gamma-ray wavelengths, and detected a number of point sources. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The halo itself is invisible to our eyes, obviously, since it's in the gamma wavelengths. (planet-today.com)

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), located high up on the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, in China's Sichuan province, searches for gamma rays from the Milky Way galaxy and beyond. (thehindu.com)
A lower-limit estimate of the gravitational pull that the photons experience along their way is given by the mass in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. (eurekalert.org)
If Fast Radio Bursts are proven to originate outside the Milky Way Galaxy, and if their distances can be measured accurately, they will be a new powerful tool for testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle and for extending the tested energy range down to radio-band frequencies," Mészáros said. (eurekalert.org)
They found the neutrinos and high-energy gamma rays in the Milky Way had the same origin. (andyross.net)
The Milky Way outshines all other galaxies when we look with photons. (andyross.net)
A small but distinctive signal in X-rays from the Milky Way could be key to proving the existence of dark matter. (bbc.com)
So-called weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs) are believed by some researchers to be responsible for unusual emissions of gamma rays seen coming from the centre of the Milky Way. (bbc.com)
Since then, other groups have seen a line with the same energy in spectra from a variety of other objects, including the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies. (bbc.com)
As they describe in a paper posted to the Arxiv preprint server , Cappelluti and colleagues studied the X-rays arriving at the Chandra observatory from two regions of the Milky Way far from the galactic centre. (bbc.com)
To then establish whether dark matter could be the culprit, they compared Chandra's spectra to those of X-rays from the centre of the Milky Way that had been detected by the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton satellite. (bbc.com)
calculate the amount of photons emitted from a star in a second from its spectrum and calculate m=hf/c^2 for each frequency in the spectrum and then multiply up to 10 billion years or the average age of suns and then multiply by 100 billion suns for a galaxy like the milky way. (thenakedscientists.com)

This very high-energy component appears at the same phase intervals as the one observed in the GeV range. (scitechdaily.com)
Studied for over 25 years with instruments aboard various satellites and space probes, the sources of these high-energy flashes remain a mystery. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
in a solar flare the neutrons appear as secondaries from interactions of high-energy ions accelerated in the flare process. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
These two satellites provided an exciting view into the high-energy universe. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
During its High Energy Astronomy Observatory program in 1977, NASA announced plans to build a "great observatory" for gamma-ray astronomy. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Detecting a high-energy gamma ray is relatively simple, but high-energy gamma rays are extremely rare. (astronomy.com)
Over the past decades, several instruments have been built on Earth and in space to decode their messages, though detecting these particles is no easy feat. In particular, the source of high-energy neutrinos has, until now, remained unproven. (esa.int)
In the ultra-high energy domain, photons can undergo e+ /e− pair production when interacting with surrounding geomagnetic field, which in turn can produce cascade of electromagnetic particles called preshower. (edu.pl)
The effective area for such kind of events are also investigated and event rate predictions related to different ultra-high energy photons production models are presented. (edu.pl)
A schematic of the LHAASO's KM2A set-up used to detect high-energy gamma rays from the galactic centre. (thehindu.com)
Thus, if decaying dark matter produces high-energy gamma rays, the measured flux should vary between survey areas. (thehindu.com)
Charged pions with high energies interact again in the atmosphere. (aps.org)
Both the fast re-positioning speed and the low energy threshold provided by the LSTs are critical for CTA's studies of transient gamma-ray sources in our own Galaxy and for the study of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts at high redshift. (ifae.es)
They could see extremely high-energy photons, or light particles. (uj.ac.za)
During the past decade or so, different observatories and experiments have detected more high energy positrons in our vicinity than expected. (planet-today.com)
But the team using HAWC to observe Geminga and its halo came to a conclusion: those high-energy positrons would only rarely reach Earth, based on the size of the halo. (planet-today.com)
The high energy structure covered 20 degrees in the sky at 20 billion electron volts, and an even larger area at lower energies. (planet-today.com)
The Interuniversity Institute for High Energies is a common service to ULB and VUB. (ac.be)
So, high-energy neutrinos may reach us unscathed from cosmic distances: from the close neighborhood of black holes and from the nuclear furnaces where cosmic rays (CRs) are born. (scholarpedia.org)
The large extragalactic flux observed implies that the energy density of neutrinos matches the one observed in photons indicating a much larger role of proton accelerators in the high-energy universe. (scholarpedia.org)
This artistic display image shows China's Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) recording the entire process of the brightest afterglow during the death of a massive star. (news.cn)
Such an event only happens once in about 10,000 years, and how lucky we are to record it, which will be written into textbooks," said Cao Zhen, principal investigator of China's Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). (news.cn)
We discovered some phenomena never seen before," said Cao, also a professor at the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (news.cn)
1998). The work described here started with standard EGRET all-sky maps (ftp://cossc.gsfc.nasa.gov/compton/data/egret/high_level/combined_data) of photon counts, instrument exposure, and gamma-ray intensity, binned in 0.5 degree pixels, in both Galactic and equatorial coordinates. (unistra.fr)
They must be because photons escape from them with high energy. (wisc.edu)
A lot of target material means they would become opaque to high-energy gamma rays. (wisc.edu)
Fast material catches up with slower material, creating shock waves, which energize the matter to very high energies. (syfy.com)
One of these was HESS ( High-Energy Spectroscopic System ). (syfy.com)
The workshop on "Hadron-Hadron and Cosmic-Ray Interactions at multi-TeV Energies" held at the ECT* centre (Trento) in Nov.-Dec. 2010 gathered together both theorists and experimentalists to discuss issues of the physics of high-energy hadronic interactions of common interest for the par- ticle, nuclear and cosmic-ray communities. (lu.se)

Many cosmic neutrinos detected so far come from the heart of the active galaxy NGC 1068. (andyross.net)

Blanford at Stanford, along with several other collaborators of the HAWC Observatory. (nhenhenhem.com)
Huentemeyer mentioned that HAWC and physicists from other institutions have measured cosmic rays from all directions and throughout many decades of energy. (nhenhenhem.com)
The HAWC detected energies in the halo structure of 5 - 40 TeV, or Tera-electron Volts. (planet-today.com)
LAT observes lower energy light than HAWC does. (planet-today.com)

higher-energy gamma rays can only survive if they are produced inside of our galaxy, or in a near neighbor. (astronomy.com)
The LHAASO team sifted such measurements for signs of gamma rays produced by the decay of heavy dark matter within the galaxy. (thehindu.com)
PeVatrons are thought to be highest-energy sources of cosmic rays in our galaxy, and their definitive identification has so considerably been elusive. (nhenhenhem.com)
Cosmic rays under PeV energy are thought to come from our galaxy, but the dilemma is what are the accelerators that can produce them," Huentemeyer reported. (nhenhenhem.com)
For the first 30 seconds or so, the glow was over 100 times stronger than the Crab Nebula, which is the brightest known gamma ray source in the galaxy. (weirdnews.info)
Cappelluti's co-worker Esra Bulbul of the Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was the first scientist to spot an anomalous line at 3.5 keV, when looking at the X-ray spectra of large numbers of galaxy clusters in 2014. (bbc.com)
it is very small for most photons but not for the amount of photons over 10 billion years for an entire galaxy. (thenakedscientists.com)
Since Fermi's launch in 2008, the LAT has made a number of important discoveries of gamma-ray emissions from exotic sources in our galaxy and beyond," says Robert Cameron, head of the LAT Instrument Science Operations Center (ISOC) at SLAC. (astronomynow.com)
Long γ-ray bursts take place in galaxies with irregular or spiral-shaped geometries, occurring preferentially in bright star-forming regions in the central part of the galaxy. (theregister.com)

Doppler broadening of the incident photon course induced by the velocity of the electron the place the Compton scattering occurred. (priroda-rb.info)

The Vela pulsar, located in the Southern sky in the constellation Vela (sail of the ship), is the brightest pulsar in the radio band of the electromagnetic spectrum and the brightest persistent source of cosmic gamma rays in the giga-electronvolts (GeV) range. (scitechdaily.com)

Researchers, including Prof Soebur Razzaque, predicted that afterglow from gamma-ray bursts would include far more powerful light. (uj.ac.za)
At the beginning of the onset of the afterglow, LHAASO detected for the first time the extremely rapid enhancement of photon flux. (news.cn)

Not finding any signs of rays, the team puts an upper limit on the decay rate of dark matter particles with masses in the petaelectronvolt (PeV, or 10 15 eV) range. (thehindu.com)
If those dark matter particles have a finite lifetime and if they decay into standard-model particles, they should generate gamma rays with energies above 10 TeV. (thehindu.com)
Those photons could in fact have been generated by the decay of dark matter particles, say the researchers. (bbc.com)
Meanwhile, astrophysicists have been scouring the sky for the photons generated when dark matter particles either annihilate with one another or decay. (bbc.com)
Gamma rays could also be telltale signs of dark matter particles - hypothetical components of invisible dark matter, which accounts for 85 percent of all matter in the universe. (astronomynow.com)

This observation is hard to reconcile with the theory of the production of such pulsed gamma rays, as the international team reports today (October 5) in the journal Nature Astronomy . (scitechdaily.com)
Located on a mountain about 4,410 meters above sea level in southwest China's Sichuan Province and covering an area of 1.36 square kilometers, LHAASO is used to conduct cosmic ray observation and research. (news.cn)

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, gamma-ray astronomy received an unexpected boost from a constellation of defense satellites. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The field of gamma-ray astronomy took great leaps forward with the SAS-2 (1972) and the COS-B (1975-1982) satellites. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
satellites, limited information was available about the GRB higher energy component. (aanda.org)

Since they were first detected more than a hundred years ago, cosmic rays-highly energetic particles that continuously rain down on Earth from space-have posed enduring questions: What creates and launches these particles across such vast distances? (yenra.com)

The researchers think that infrared light particles (photons) from the poles of the pulsar are boosted to gamma-ray energies (blue) by fast electrons. (scitechdaily.com)

From lightning to the death of electrons, the highest-energy form of light is everywhere. (symmetrymagazine.org)
More energetic than X-rays, they are born in the chaos of exploding stars, the annihilation of electrons and the decay of radioactive atoms. (symmetrymagazine.org)
These fast moving particles, including electrons and their anti-matter counterparts, positrons, are cosmic rays. (planet-today.com)

This consists of many beams of gamma rays focused on the cells that need to be destroyed. (symmetrymagazine.org)

An incident proton, for example, will typically expend 40% of its energy producing a secondary proton or neutron, together with a large number of other hadrons, mostly pions. (aps.org)
It's a rotating neutron star that is oriented in a certain way towards Earth, so that its energy is directed toward us like a sweeping lighthouse. (planet-today.com)
This is very exciting because for a long time we had suspected that neutron star merging was the cause of gamma-ray bursts but we didn't have direct evidence. (ac.be)
The association of short gamma-ray bursts with the colliding compact objects, with at least one of them being a neutron star (NS), existed only in theory, until GW170817 confirmed it with direct observational evidence. (harvard.edu)
Years after we detected two neutron stars crashing into each other, we're still picking up X-rays. (theregister.com)
They could uncover hundreds of neutron-star mergers, about 1 in 10 of which could be associated with "the strange hybrid γ-ray bursts reported in the four papers. (theregister.com)

When a gamma ray strikes the top of the atmosphere, it initiates a cascade of particles, which in turn produces a flash of blue light. (astronomy.com)
Gamma rays heading toward the Earth from space interact with enough atoms in the atmosphere that almost none of them reach the surface of the planet. (symmetrymagazine.org)
The latest cosmic-ray results from various ground-based obser- vatories were also presented with an emphasis on the phenomenological modeling of the first hadronic interactions of the extended air-showers generated in the Earth atmosphere. (lu.se)

Cosmic bass notes of gravitational waves from the slow-motion mergers of distant supermassive black holes across the universe have been detected. (andyross.net)
North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves NANOGrav consortium chair Stephen Taylor: "This is huge news. (andyross.net)
Detecting a GRB, gravitational waves and neutrino events may have been too much to ask at once and no neutrinos were observed. (ac.be)
The LIGO interferometers have operated in unison to detect the first gravitational waves on September 14, 2015. (ac.be)

It predominantly studied X-rays, but also observed gamma-ray bursts. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Even more exotic gamma-ray sources detected by the LAT are microquasars. (astronomynow.com)

She has worked extensively on the electromagnetic study of GW170817 and has also ventured more recently into the world of long gamma-ray bursts and tidal disruption events. (harvard.edu)
Then came along evidence of long-gamma ray bursts with no evidence of collapsing stars or supernovas. (theregister.com)

Artist's impression of blazar neutrinos and gamma rays reaching Earth. (esa.int)

The average photon flux of the source during this period was (8.9 1.6) 10 -12 cm -2 s -1 , or 1.6% of the Crab Nebula flux, above an energy threshold of 110 GeV, with a soft spectral index of 4.8 1.3. (psu.edu)

Anatomy2

Organisms7

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care15

Geographicals2

Charged particles7

Compton Gamma Ray O8

Energetic photons4

Telescopes24

IceCube25

Astrophysical8

Particle21

Fermi23

Bursts of gamma rays4

Higher energies4

Pierre Auger Obser2

Telescope16

Astronomers8

Emit9

Super high energy photons2

Earth's6

Chandra X-ray Obser2

Highest energies4

Cherenkov4

GRBs12

Detection3

Emission11

Radiation17

NASA's3

Observations11

Detectors12

Scientists19

CGRO3

Protons5

Blazars1

20172

Detector8

Collisions5

Burst20

Wavelengths2

Milky Way11

High29

Neutrinos detected1

HAWC4

Galaxy9

Incident photon1

Brightest1

Afterglow2

Dark matter particles5

Observation2

Satellites3

Highly energetic1

Infrared light1

Electrons3

Beams of gamma rays1

Neutron6

Atmosphere3

Gravitational Waves4

Observed gamma-ray bu1

Sources detected1

Long gamma-ray bu2

Blazar neutrinos1

Flux1