• Following the initial demonstration that leptin administration to fasting mice can 'protect' neuroendocrine secretions and prevent the changes that are associated with fasting, the concept has emerged that a normal leptin secretion is a prerequisite for normal neuroendocrine secretions. (nih.gov)
  • Several unfavorable metabolic situations are associated with low plasma leptin, increased secretion of hypothalmic neuropeptide Y (NPY), and hypogonadism, and a causal relationship has been evoked. (nih.gov)
  • Fasting rapidly inhibits growth hormone (GH) secretion in association with low plasma leptin and elevated hypothalmic NPY. (nih.gov)
  • Central infusion of leptin to fasting rats was able to completely prevent the collapse of GH secretion and to maintain a normal low NPY synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • In summary, normally elevated plasma levels appear to be a prerequisite for normal GH and gonadotropin secretion in the rat. (nih.gov)
  • With this question in mind, insulin sensitivity, using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, and insulin secretion, by the C-peptide deconvolution method after an oral glucose load, together with the circulating levels of intestinal incretins and adipocytokines, have been studied in 10 diabetic morbidly obese subjects before and shortly after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) to avoid the weight loss interference. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These results may be partly explained by the capability of peripheral CB1R antagonists to lessen leptin appearance and secretion by adipocytes, coupled with an elevated renal leptin clearance12. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • Dietary fat and fructose, which do not increase insulin secretion, lead to reduced leptin production, suggesting a mechanism for high-fat/high-sugar diets to increase energy intake and weight gain. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Plasma ghrelin levels in lean and obese humans and the effect of glucose on ghrelin secretion. (ac.ir)
  • At a certain level, increasing insulin secretion does no longer improve insulin sensitivity. (isciii.es)
  • The high-level blood glucose for a long time will lead to dysfunction of a variety of tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • A reduction of plasma Omentin levels significantly correlated with an increase in the mean number of metabolic risk factors such as increased waist circumference, Dyslipidemia, high blood pressure and glucose intolerance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Circulating irisin levels progressively decrease with the worsening of the glucose tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
  • For that purpose, daily variations of plasma leptin, cortisol, insulin and glucose were analyzed in pinealectomized hamsters, as compared to sham-operated controls kept under very long (16 h light/08 h dark) or short photoperiods (08 h light/16 h dark). (frontiersin.org)
  • Neither plasma insulin, nor blood glucose displays robust daily rhythmicity, even in sham-operated hamsters. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pinealectomy, however, totally reversed the decreased levels of insulin under short days and the photoperiodic variations in mean levels of blood glucose (i.e., reduction and increase in long and short days, respectively). (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, these findings in Syrian hamsters show that circulating melatonin at night drives the daily rhythmicity of plasma leptin, participates in the phase control of cortisol rhythm and modulates glucose homeostasis according to photoperiod-dependent metabolic state. (frontiersin.org)
  • The effects of the aleurone-enriched diets were evaluated by assessing body weight gain, adiposity, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin and leptin, and anti-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. (vtt.fi)
  • Venous blood was obtained in the fasting state for the measurement of glucose, insulin and leptin levels. (omu.edu.tr)
  • Another late-stage competitor is Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.'s DPP-IV inhibitor alogliptin, acquired through the 2005 buyout of Syrrx Inc. Alogliptin is now in Phase III, and data from an earlier-stage study presented at ADA showed the drug significantly decreased mean four-hour plasma glucose after each meal and was well tolerated at doses from 25 mg to 400 mg. (bioworld.com)
  • Phenomix Corp. also has a DPP-IV inhibitor in Phase II, and a Phase IIa study of the drug met its primary endpoint of improved postprandial glucose as well as secondary endpoints related to HbA1c and GLP-1 levels. (bioworld.com)
  • Some studies suggest that an increase in plasma fatty acid concentration reduces glucose uptake and phosphorylation, and this leads to reduced glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Diabetes (Type 2) Obesity complicates the management of type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, which makes drug treatment less effective. (slideserve.com)
  • The study included obese (n=100) and non-obese (n=75) individuals aged 25-45 years, and measured their physical, biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles) and leptin, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), and DNA methyltransferase 3 beta (DNMT3b) mRNA expressions with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). (jomes.org)
  • Furthermore, study findings showed that the DNA methylation level was negatively associated with fasting insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and total cholesterol. (jomes.org)
  • The conclusion is that prescription of stevia in the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/d decreases the omentin level indirectly via activating insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats. (researchgate.net)
  • Metabolic syndrome is composed of a variety of diseases related to obesity, such as glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension [ 1 - 3 ]. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic risk factors (including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity and impaired glucose metabolism), which is associated with a twofold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Ford, 2005), and an even higher risk of T2DM (Grundy, 2008). (bhma.org)
  • Plasma glucose concentrations are normally maintained within a fairly narrow range despite wide fluctuations in the body's supply (e.g. meals) and demand (e.g. exercise) for nutrients. (justia.com)
  • After an overnight fast, insulin-independent tissues, the brain (50%) and splanchnic organs (25%), account for most of the total body glucose disposal. (justia.com)
  • It follows, therefore, that defects at the level of the β-cell, muscle and liver can lead to the development of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus. (justia.com)
  • This can be achieved by stimulating the Oxm, peptide PYY, GLP, GLP-1 receptor, and fat cells derived hormone like Leptin and Obestatin these reduces obesity by reducing food intake as seen in mice and humans by stimulating satiety signals, and by regulating the glucose homeostasis, by secreting glucose dependent insulin. (ajptr.com)
  • The Homeostasis Model for Assessment [HOMA= fasting insulin (mUI/ml) * fasting glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5] has proved useful in the measurement of insulin sensitivity in euglycemic patients. (isciii.es)
  • This method measures the quantity of glucose required to maintain normoglycemic levels during insulin infusion. (isciii.es)
  • Some studies have linked intake of a GF diet to reduced obesity and T2D and suggested a role in reducing leptin- and insulin-resistance and increasing beta-cell volume. (mdpi.com)
  • The elevated levels of circulating FGF21 in diet-induced obesity, ob/ob, and db/db mice may be associated with improved liver and adipose mRNA manifestation 40-43. (biotech2012.org)
  • The present study investigated the potential of native and structurally modified wheat aleurone, by dry-grinding or enzymatic treatments, to counteract metabolic disorders in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). (vtt.fi)
  • Supporting this hypothesis is the observation that mice with impaired triglyceride synthesis are protected against development of both diet-induced obesity and obesity-induced leptin resistance (22). (clubalthea.com)
  • 2002). Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. (ac.ir)
  • This is the first double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial regarding the anti-obesity and lipid profile modulating effects of an Irvingia gabonensis extract. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the physiological actions of GALP are yet to be fully elucidated, it is possible, given the anti-obesity effect of GALP seen in relation to food intake and body weight loss in obese mice, that GALP could be applied clinically to combat obesity in humans. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • As obesity remains the center of concern from many decades but yet there is no exact treatment, mostly you have to prefer the surgical method such as gastric bypass, which remains the only therapeutic treatment and the anti-obesity pharmacotherapy remains very limited therefore the priority is to discover or develop more potent drugs. (ajptr.com)
  • Obesity is a state in which energy intake chronically exceeds energy expenditure. (hindawi.com)
  • Etiology At an individual level, a combination of excessive caloric intake and a lack of physical activity. (slideserve.com)
  • Importantly, recent data indicate that the effects of leptin to inhibit food intake are mediated by signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( 5 ), which is shared by the insulin signal transduction pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Of these, we found significant, inverse associations of the Westernized breakfast pattern, which was characterized by higher intake of confectioneries, bread, and milk and yogurt but lower intake of alcoholic beverages and rice, with serum leptin and PAI-1 concentrations in a fully adjusted model ( P for trend = 0.04 for both leptin and PAI-1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Leptin It really is an adipokine mixed up in regulation of energy and satiety intake [35]. (informationalwebs.com)
  • The westernization transition is usually accompanied by increases in obesity, decreases in physical activity and alterations in dietary intake toward more calories, fat and non-complex carbohydrates. (justia.com)
  • Ultimately, obesity results from a long-standing imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, including energy utilization for basic metabolic processes and energy expenditure from physical activity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hence, we under- and growing public health challenge worldwide resulting from took our meta-analysis to estimate the effect of anthropometric rapid urbanization, excessive energy intake, developing obesity, risk factors on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome to inform re- and sedentary lifestyle habits (2). (cdc.gov)
  • Insulin resistance and circulating plasma leptin concentrations in OSAS patients were independent of the AHI and were not different from the control group. (omu.edu.tr)
  • Conclusion: We concluded that insulin resistance and plasma leptin concentrations are mostly associated with the degree of obesity and BMI. (omu.edu.tr)
  • The German firm Boehringer Ingleheim GmbH presented posters from several clinical trials showing that BI 1356 was well tolerated, decreased HbA1c, increased GLP-1 levels, reduced glucagon concentrations and - for more than 24 hours after dosing - inhibited DPP-IV. (bioworld.com)
  • Effects of short-term carbohydrate or fat overfeeding on energy expenditure and plasma leptin concentrations in healthy female subjects, Dirlewanger M et al. (physiqonomics.com)
  • However the presence and/or the concentrations of those peptides in human plasma has been questioned. (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • Weight gain decreases elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations of patients with anorexia nervosa. (ac.ir)
  • The possibility that changing plasma levels for leptin also affect peripheral endocrine targets, such as pituitary, ovary, adrenal or pancreas, is likely since these endocrine organs express functional long-term leptin receptors. (nih.gov)
  • These hormones, the pathways controlling their production, and their receptors are promising targets for managing obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Factors contributing towards the obesity epidemic include an increased accessibility to energy-dense foods, an increase in sedentary activity and the possible involvement of the gut microbiota on host metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alterations in diversity and microbiota community structure may affect host metabolism resulting in obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we summarize what is known about the regulation of energy metabolism by GALP, and describe results in animals that could possibly lead to the clinical use of GALP to treat obesity. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • Leptin production is primarily regulated by insulin-induced changes of adipocyte metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We induced high fat diet (HFD) obesity in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out Leiden (Ldlr −/− .Leiden) mice, and studied the morphological structure of the testes and histologically examined the proportion of Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. (nature.com)
  • Mice fed a HFD had a higher level of tubules in stages VII + VIII in the spermatogenic cycle. (nature.com)
  • This idea primarily stems from studies demonstrating that serum resistin levels increase with obesity in several model systems (humans, rats , and mice ). (wikidoc.org)
  • In another study, reduced plasma levels of FGF21 were founded in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice 9. (biotech2012.org)
  • C57BL6/J mice were first fed ad libitum with a high-fat diet for 9 weeks to induce obesity, after which the native or treated aleurone fractions were added (13% (w/w)) in the high-fat diets for an additional 8 weeks. (vtt.fi)
  • The inability of obese mice to respond to peripherally administered leptin while responding to centrally administered leptin is likely caused by a defect in leptin transport across the BBB. (clubalthea.com)
  • Correlated with weight gain, leptin levels in systemic circulation were increased in HFD-fed mice in both sexes with a significant higher level in AD group compared to VD group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Only HFD-fed male mice were diabetic with increased fasting glycaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to discussing the physiological actions of GALP, this review also summarizes results from studies in which GALP was administered intranasally (i.n.) to obese mice, thereby providing insights into how GALP might be used clinically to treat obesity in humans. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
  • In mice, ASP deficiency results in reduced body fat, obesity resistance, and improved insulin sensitivity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A recent example of the importance of adipocyte function to have profound systemic effects is provided by the report that mice specifically lacking insulin signaling in adipocytes (FIRKO mouse) are not only lean, leptin sensitive, and obesity resistant ( 1 ), but live almost 20% longer than wild-type control animals ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Resistin is an adipose-derived hormone (similar to a cytokine ) whose physiologic role has been the subject of much controversy regarding its involvement with obesity and type II diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
  • In this review, we will consider obesity with special attention to adipocyte types, microbiota, and microbial products, LPS and bacteriocins. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • A new study finds that adipocyte SLC7A10 impairments may impact lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in patients with obesity. (medscape.com)
  • Increasing dietary calcium suppresses adipocyte calcitriol levels and puts leptin-resistant fat cells back into "fat-burning" mode. (firstimpressionsbaby.com)
  • PYY immunoreactivity is highest in the rectum, and decreases proximally to low levels in the duodenum and jejunum. (hindawi.com)
  • In accordance, it is expected that, if resistin does indeed serve as a link between obesity and T2DM while at the same time contributing to the inflammatory response, then we should also observe proportional increases in chronic inflammation in association with obesity and insulin resistance. (wikidoc.org)
  • Depression and obesity are strongly interrelated: The occurrence of one increases the risk of the other [4]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • in addition, obesity increases the production of IL-1β, which may have cytotoxic effects on beta islet cells [7]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Correlation studies have shown that visceral fat increases with age, with an inverse correlation between the amount of visceral fat and plasma insulin with levels of testosterone and sex[1]hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (Kupelian et al, 2006). (bhma.org)
  • Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common primarily because of increases in the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and obesity. (justia.com)
  • So, the activation of the OXT receptor pathway by infusion of OXT, OXT analogues, or OXT agonists may represent a promising approach for the management of obesity and related metabolic diseases as well as diabetes and its complications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistance arises from impaired leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), defects in leptin receptor signaling, and blockades in downstream neuronal circuitries. (clubalthea.com)
  • Resistance is associated with impaired transporter, receptor, postreceptor, and downstream neuronal circuitry functions in animal models of obesity (9-13). (clubalthea.com)
  • Leptin is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by a saturable transporter (8), and impaired transport can be acquired, may precede receptor/postreceptor defects, worsens with increasing obesity, and is to some extent reversible (14-16). (clubalthea.com)
  • The relation between cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of leptin in obese humans (17,18) suggests that defective BBB transport accounts for more of the overall resistance to leptin than the receptor/postreceptor defects (19). (clubalthea.com)
  • Obesity is associated with leptin resistance caused by impaired leptin transport across the BBB, defects in leptin-receptor signaling, and blockades in downstream neuronal circuitries. (clubalthea.com)
  • The orphan receptor APJ and its recently identified endogenous ligand, apelin, exhibit high levels of mRNA expression in the heart. (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • Results Plasma fatty acid-binding protein 4, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6 and leptin were negatively associated with FEV1 and paraoxonase 3 was positively associated therewith. (lu.se)
  • Fatty acid-binding protein 4, fibroblast growth factor 21, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6 and leptin were negatively associated with FVC and agouti-related protein, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, paraoxonase 3 and receptor for advanced glycation end products were positively associated therewith. (lu.se)
  • Serum FGF21 is also elevated in obese children and is associated with free fatty acid (FFA) and leptin levels, whereas weight loss is accompanied by a decrease in FGF21 levels, indicating that obesity causes elevation in FGF21 concentration 44. (biotech2012.org)
  • The mechanism of the starvation-induced impairment in transport is unknown but cannot be caused by leptin itself because its levels decrease with fasting (21). (clubalthea.com)
  • The decrease in Aβ level occurred without changes in APP expression or cell viability. (edu.au)
  • Analysis of culture media constituents from each cell type by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and western blot demonstrated a time-dependent decrease in apelin-55 levels. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Degrees of Cethromycin leptin in the plasma boost through the advancement of decrease and weight problems through the pounds reduction. (informationalwebs.com)
  • High levels of leptin and the accompanying leptin resistance can also decrease fertility, age you more quickly and contribute to obesity. (firstimpressionsbaby.com)
  • Alpha-lipoic acid can decrease blood sugar levels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Certainly, the current epidemic of obesity has been partially attributed to reduced levels of physical activity, and there is no doubt that obesity has its own major health consequences. (nutristart.com)
  • There is a rising worldwide epidemic of obesity in humans and companion pet animals [1-5]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • In untreated type-I diabetic rats, hypogonadism is associated with very low plasma leptin and increased hypothalmic NYP synthesis and oestrous cyclicity. (nih.gov)
  • This review summarizes the major pathological factors linking obesity to diabetes, focussing on current epidemiological data related to obese diabetic patients in the Arab world, the etiology of the disease and the genetic determinants of diabetes and obesity. (who.int)
  • Serum oxLDL levels are decreased in both lean and obese diabetic animals treated with TZDs. (jci.org)
  • This study investigates the effect of stevia on serum omentin and visfatin levels as novel adipocytokines in diabetic induced rats to find potential mechanisms for the anti hyperglycemic effect of stevia. (researchgate.net)
  • Obesity and major metabolic indices in newly diagnosed Saudi diabetic patients. (biochemistry4all.com)
  • Can we use plasma fibronectin levels as a marker for early diabetic nephropathy. (endokrinoloji.org)
  • In this paper, we focus on the role of gut hormones and their related neuronal networks (the gut-brain axis) in appetite control, and their potentials as novel therapies for obesity. (hindawi.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate whether rhythmic melatonin can also affect the daily timing of other hormones, such as leptin and glucocorticoids. (frontiersin.org)
  • Plasma omentin-1 levels are significantly decreased in patients with obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes that contribute to the major components of the metabolic syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fact, recent data have shown that this possibility is indeed the case by demonstrating positive correlations between obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, [21] [22] which is believed to be directed in part by resistin signaling. (wikidoc.org)
  • This idea has recently been challenged by a study showing that increased levels of resistin in people with chronic kidney disease are associated with lowered renal function and inflammation, but not with insulin resistance. (wikidoc.org)
  • Insulin resistance and serum leptin leve. (omu.edu.tr)
  • Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the insulin resistance and serum leptin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and to compare body mass indexes (BMI) of OSAS patients with matched controls without OSAS. (omu.edu.tr)
  • Increased plasma free fatty acid concentration is associated with insulin resistance. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Obesity in humans and rodents is almost always associated with a resistance to, rather than a deficiency of, leptin (5-7). (clubalthea.com)
  • At the end of the study significant reductions in fasting blood sugar (FBS), the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Omentin level were found in groups 3 and 4 in comparison with group 2. (researchgate.net)
  • figured hypoadiponectinemia is connected with insulin level Cethromycin of resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and the chance of developing T2DM, 3rd party of fats mass [65]. (informationalwebs.com)
  • Many obese and obese people have an raised degree of leptin that usually do not suppress hunger, or quite simply, leptin level of resistance. (informationalwebs.com)
  • Leptin level of resistance is thought to be a fundamental pathology in obesity [71]. (informationalwebs.com)
  • According to the author of this product, the famous researcher Morgan Hurst, weight gain occurs due to leptin resistance, which is triggered by viruses and toxins in the body. (firstimpressionsbaby.com)
  • Animal studies have found that it could significantly reduce the level of leptin resistance as well as insulin resistance caused by having a high-fat diet. (firstimpressionsbaby.com)
  • All these natural ingredients work together to remove the leptin resistance toxins from your body and to help you lose the extra weight in a matter of weeks. (firstimpressionsbaby.com)
  • Obesity can affect spermatogenesis via several mechanisms and processes, among others via hormonal changes. (nature.com)
  • Causes of obesity are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition and behavioral, metabolic, and hormonal influences. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inhibition of SGMS activity significantly reduced the level of Aβ in a dose and time dependent manner. (edu.au)
  • Overweight and obesity are significantly associated with metabol- tients and the general population. (cdc.gov)
  • The demand for the therapy to counteract weight problems, coupled with multiple various other beneficial results on plasma triglyceride amounts, fasting insulin and sugar levels, and -cell function in diabetes, provides resulted in the seek out limited CB1R antagonists4 peripherally,7. (crispr-reagents.com)
  • Treatment with gemfibrozil, a drug that specifically reduces triglyceride levels, reversed both hypertriglyceridemia and impaired leptin transport. (clubalthea.com)
  • Taking alpha-lipoic acid by mouth doesn't seem to reduce triglyceride levels in most people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • OXT levels higher in normoglycemic as compared to pre-DM/T2DM patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • A five-year follow- up study of Swedish men indicated that elevated plasma cortisol and low testosterone were prospectively associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular-related events and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (Rosmond et al, 2003). (bhma.org)
  • It's been been shown to be connected with BMI favorably, fasting insulin, as well as the advancement of T2DM [55] and connected with HDL-C [56] negatively. (informationalwebs.com)
  • The study found that the DNA methylation level at the promoter area of the leptin gene was negatively associated with weight in obese subjects. (jomes.org)
  • Around 3.0 million individuals die each year from obesity-associated complications. (jomes.org)
  • Obesity and its complications constitute a substantial burden. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serum MicroRNA-191-5p Levels in Vascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. (medscape.com)
  • In the United States, obesity and its complications cause as many as 300,000 premature deaths each year, making it second only to cigarette smoking as a preventable cause of death. (msdmanuals.com)
  • screening for comorbidities of obesity should be applied in a hierarchal, logical manner for early identification before more serious complications result. (medscape.com)
  • In 1902, Balysis and Startling extracted and identified the first hormone secretin (secreted by cells in the intestinal mucosa), and, in 1927, McGee isolated and purified substances that were androgenic in small amounts (microgram levels). (medscape.com)
  • Humans have never been exposed to this level of food availability before the beginning of the modern era. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Weight gain leading to obesity in humans and their companion pet animals has become of national and international concern. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Obesity is defined as the 'abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health' and is measured using the BMI [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aβ is derived from a sequential proteolysis of the transmenbrane amyloid precursor protein (APP), a process which is dependent on the distribution of lipids present in the plasma membrane. (edu.au)
  • Thus, HFD-inducing metabolic disorders act via PPARγ to induce different levels of systemic homeostatic remodelling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, there are no data in the literature regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the rapid resolution of type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery, which was reported as an additional benefit of the surgical treatment for morbid obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Obesity is now considered a key risk factor for a broad range of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. (jomes.org)
  • Increased levels of several inflammatory and cardiovascular disease-related plasma proteins have been associated with impaired lung function. (lu.se)
  • A sensitivity analysis in EpiHealth revealed only minor changes after excluding individuals with known cardiovascular disease, diabetes or obesity. (lu.se)
  • Severe dietary restriction in juvenile female rats is associated with low plasma leptin and sexual immaturity. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, the administration of apelin-12 (10 nmol/kg) in rats produced a transitory elevation of the plasma nitrite/nitrate concentration from a basal level of 21.4+/-1.6 to 27.0+/-1.5 microM. (phoenixbiotech.net)
  • For example, variants of the ADIPOQ gene (the rs266729 single-nucleotide polymorphism) are associated with obesity and diabetes in various Arab countries. (who.int)
  • The objective of the present study was to evaluate the DNA methylation status at the promoter region of the leptin gene in obese individuals and its association with metabolic risk factors. (jomes.org)
  • Poor Jumbo has a mutation in the gene coding for leptin - he's totally missing it! (firstimpressionsbaby.com)
  • Despite recent progress in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms regulating body weight and energy expenditure, obesity remains a major worldwide health crisis with an array of vascular, metabolic, and psychosocial consequences [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A large portion of this increase is due to an increased thermic effect of food (your body burns more calories trying to digest the thousands of extra calories you consumed) and an increase in activity expenditure (with an increase in calories, people tend to move more, and you may burn a few more calories during training due to increased energy levels). (physiqonomics.com)
  • Is the major cause of obesity. (slideserve.com)
  • Although the fundamental cause of obesity is an energy imbalance between the calories consumed and the calories expended [ 1 ], body weight is not influenced by the calorific ingestion , but rather by the calories that are absorbed [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, family members share not only genes but also diet and life style habits that may contribute to obesity. (slideserve.com)
  • Leptin is a 16- kDa protein secreted by fat cells (1) that regulates feeding and energy expenditures by acting at sites primarily within the central nervous system (2-4). (clubalthea.com)
  • While the shared gut microbiota logically could lead to the parallel consequences of weight gain and obesity in both species, this hypothesis is still unproven [8,13]. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Leptin itself, which is elevated in obesity, is likely one of these circulating substances. (clubalthea.com)
  • However, many other factors appear to increase a person's predisposition to obesity, including endocrine disruptors (eg, bisphenol A [BPA]), gut microbiome, sleep/wake cycles, and environmental factors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Endocrine etiologies for obesity are rare and usually are accompanied by attenuated growth patterns. (medscape.com)