RatioSurrogate for abdominalMetabolic syndromeAdiposityOverweight and obese childrenEither overweight or obeseAmount of abdominal fatIntra-abdominal fatPrevalenceAnthropometric0.001SubcutaneousAdipose tissueCardiovascular diseaseDiabetesRiskSignificantlyParticipantsVisceral fatMethodsSubscapularAccumulationAdultsMeasurementsPercentileIndicatorChildhood obesityAorticHypertensionLeanMeasurementWomenPercentageHigherCommonlyRisksYearsInsulinHealthBody fatDietaryGroupAssessmentTotal
Ratio9
- For example, Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson has a BMI of 34.3, which puts him in the obese category even though we know his ratio is high due to muscle mass. (canfitpro.com)
- Central fatness, mostly intra-abdominal circumference is a better index of android fat, is medically more important than (abdominal) obesity than waist-to-hip ratio subcutaneous fat in the trunk. (who.int)
- Waist-circumference-to-height ratio above 0.5 was used to define abdominal obesity and the total amount of body fat was estimated from the sum of skinfold measures. (researchsquare.com)
- With an increase in the waist to hip ratio and overall waist circumference the risk of death increases as well. (wikipedia.org)
- Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference are commonly used measures for estimating abdominal adiposity (6,7). (cdc.gov)
- It measures waist to hip ratio. (medicscientist.com)
- This has led to an increasing evidence for abdominal obesity indices such as waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) as predictors of CVD [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
- BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were assessed by standard methods while a computerized tomography-scan was used to measure visceral (VFA), subcutaneous (SFA), and total (TFA) abdominal fat areas. (uantwerpen.be)
- Some obesity indices (body mass index, waist circumference and waist-toheight ratio) were measured. (bvsalud.org)
Surrogate for abdominal2
- It has the Recent studies in children showed that a ability to act as a surrogate for abdominal greater deposition of central fat correlates fat [ 9 ]. (who.int)
- Two common methods to assess the degree of obesity are measuring waist circumference, a surrogate for abdominal fat, and calculating the body mass index (BMI). (psychiatrist.com)
Metabolic syndrome5
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance, full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, NAOs supplementation in obese mice improved body weight and metabolic syndrome by increasing the abundance of intestinal microorganisms such as Eubacterium fissicatena and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 and showed anti-obesity effects [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Participants free of CVD/stroke and not underweight ( n = 3,743) were stratified by BMI categories and metabolic risk, defined as having two or more International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome criteria, excluding waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Studies on the accumulation of abdominal fat mass in animals could help to better understand the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome development but the techniques of investigation are lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
- Background: Results of previous studies on the effect on glycaemic control of anthropometric measures of obesity, some economic status variables and the presence of metabolic syndrome are not consistent and appear to differ among health institutions. (bvsalud.org)
Adiposity6
- ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study of 1283 healthy children (681 boys, 602 girls) aged 6-11 years tested the degree of correlation between waist circumference measurements and adiposity. (who.int)
- The ability of simple anthropometric add valuable comparative data to BMI techniques to correctly measure central data in assessment of central fatness in adiposity needs to be assessed because overweight and obese children. (who.int)
- However, degree of correlation between waist circum- studies on the efficacy of anthropometric ference measurements of a sample of techniques for identifying children with Egyptian schoolchildren with their adipo- high central adiposity are scare. (who.int)
- However, abdominal adiposity may be more predictive of CVD risk than BMI. (cdc.gov)
- Abdominal adiposity is a risk factor for obesity-related complications, and there is increasing evidence that abdominal adiposity may be a contributing factor to complications not related to adiposity at the waist (4,5). (cdc.gov)
- Waist circumference measures the accumulation of fat around the abdominal area (central adiposity). (medicscientist.com)
Overweight and obese children1
- The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese children and positive correlation of these factors with severity of obesity emphasizes the need for prevention and control of childhood obesity from early stages. (pharmapdf.com)
Either overweight or obese2
- A study has stated that 75% of patients treated for asthma in the emergency room were either overweight or obese. (wikipedia.org)
- In just three decades, the number of school-going children and adolescents with obesity has increased by tenfold, and the International Association for the Study of Obesity and International Obesity Task Force reckon that 200 million school children worldwide are either overweight or obese [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
Amount of abdominal fat2
- Waist circumference is considered a good indication of the amount of abdominal fat a person is carrying. (clarksnutrition.com)
- It reflects the amount of abdominal fat, which is associated with a higher risk of health problems. (findmydirectdoctor.com)
Intra-abdominal fat4
- Visceral fat, also known as organ fat or intra-abdominal fat, is located inside the peritoneal cavity, packed in between internal organs and torso, as opposed to subcutaneous fat, which is found underneath the skin, and intramuscular fat, which is found interspersed in skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- Techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging made it possible to categorize mass of adipose tissue located at the abdominal level into intra-abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat. (wikipedia.org)
- It is now generally believed that intra-abdominal fat is the depot that conveys the biggest health risk. (wikipedia.org)
- As aforementioned, the accumulation of intra-abdominal fat can be measured by direct weighing of fat after dissection. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevalence3
- The aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, abdominal-obesity and short stature among Rosario (Argentina) adult population. (isciii.es)
- Multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity increased according the age and abdominal obesity decreased with high physical activity in men. (isciii.es)
- In women prevalence of overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity increased with age, marital status (married or coupled), presence of at least one child at home and low educational level. (isciii.es)
Anthropometric7
- 1 Waist circumference has been shown to be the anthropometric index that best predicts the distribution of adipose tissue in fat compartments such as the abdominal region. (psychiatrist.com)
- The objective of the study is to evaluate anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese Egyptian children and correlate them with hs-CRP level. (springeropen.com)
- For anthropometric variables, they were significantly higher in obese group than normal weight except for height ( P value 0.001). (springeropen.com)
- This study was carried out to evaluate anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese Egyptian children and correlate them with CRP level. (springeropen.com)
- The following data were collected: personal (sex and date of birth), anthropometric (weight, height, waist, and hip measurements) were taken. (springeropen.com)
- Fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile components levels as well as anthropometric measures of obesity were measured using standard measuring procedures for these variables. (bvsalud.org)
- Methods: Anthropometric data from 215 (51.4%) male and 203 (48.6%) female patients seen in Gaborone between 2005 and 2015 were analysed to establish appropriate cut-off points for waist circumference (WC) corresponding to a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2. (bvsalud.org)
0.0012
- 0.001) and was related with age, overweight and abdominal obesity. (isciii.es)
- A significant difference was reported for all lipid profile parameters between obese and normal-weight groups ( P value 0.001). (springeropen.com)
Subcutaneous1
- 1 ]. A central fat pattern has adverse health - abdominal fat), abdominal subcutaneous implications in both children and adults. (who.int)
Adipose tissue1
- The purpose of the study was to validate indirect Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry technique and abdominal circumference measurement as tools to predict visceral adipose tissue in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
Cardiovascular disease4
- Abdominal obesity has been strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other metabolic and vascular diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Researchers first started to focus on abdominal obesity in the 1980s when they realized it had an important connection to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. (wikipedia.org)
- Abdominal obesity was more closely related with metabolic dysfunctions connected with cardiovascular disease than was general obesity. (wikipedia.org)
- To determine the correlates of the "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO) phenotype and the longitudinal risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD)/stroke associated with this phenotype. (diabetesjournals.org)
Diabetes12
- A waist circumference of more than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women increases the risk of metabolic diseases like diabetes. (canfitpro.com)
- Visceral and central abdominal fat and waist circumference show a strong association with type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
- Abdominal obesity is typically associated with a statistically higher risk of heart disease, hypertension, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (see below). (wikipedia.org)
- But adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, which is found in lower concentration in obese and diabetic individuals has shown to be beneficial and protective in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (wikipedia.org)
- Circumference With Hypertension and Diabetes in African American Women, South Carolina, 2007-2009. (cdc.gov)
- After controlling for all variables, waist circumference was independently associated with a 5-fold risk in hypertension and diabetes in African American women. (cdc.gov)
- We hypothesize that the risk of hypertension and diabetes would be higher for women with larger waist circumference, independent of sociodemographic and health-related variables. (cdc.gov)
- If you have been told you have coronary heart disease, symptomatic carotid artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, type 2 diabetes, or sleep apnea, you are in the high-health-risk category for the purpose of determining whether you should lose weight. (clarksnutrition.com)
- Children and adolescents who were obese from childhood to adulthood were associated with increased risk of many metabolic abnormalities and type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that obese individuals show an unfavorable metabolic profile that is associated with high cardiovascular risk [ 2 , 3 ]. (springeropen.com)
- In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are overweight or obese, antidiabetic medications that have additional actions to promote weight loss (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] analogs or sodium-glucose-linked transporter-2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors) are suggested, in addition to the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, metformin. (medscape.com)
- In obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who require insulin therapy, at least one of the following is suggested: metformin, pramlintide, or GLP-1 agonists to mitigate associated weight gain due to insulin. (medscape.com)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers, rather than beta-adrenergic blockers, should be considered as first-line therapy for hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are obese. (medscape.com)
Risk15
- Waist circumference: This is a measure of abdominal fat around your waist and is good indicator of health risk. (canfitpro.com)
- By measuring your body fat percentage and muscle mass, you can get a more accurate picture of your health risk and progress. (canfitpro.com)
- We therefore believed that an exami- lar risk [ 3 ] and increased risk of metabolic nation of waist circumference in a group complications [ 4 ]. (who.int)
- Students who consumed less than recommended amount of fruit servings had 1.68 times the risk of being overweight/obese, 2.49 times the risk of having abdominal obesity and 1.47 times the risk of having high total skinfold values compared to students with adequate fruit intake. (researchsquare.com)
- however, few studies have examined the association between waist circumference and risk factors in African Americans (9,12,13). (cdc.gov)
- Other factors that increase the risk of obesity include:a) Family history: Risk of obesity is higher if one or both the parents are obese.b) Childhood Obesity: Being obese during childhood increases the risk of being obese as an adult.c) Genes: Some gene mutations or genetic disorders may cause obesity. (medicscientist.com)
- It denotes that you are at risk of several diseases and have to adopt remedial measures for weight loss. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
- The aim of the present study was to investigate frequency of cardiovas- cular risk factors and their association with severity of obesity in a sample of Iranian obese children. (pharmapdf.com)
- A total of 81.9% of obese children and 75.4% of overweight children had at least one cardiovascular risk factor. (pharmapdf.com)
- 8 Obese children are at increased risk for adult mortality and morbidity particularly from CVD. (pharmapdf.com)
- This also means that BMI is an incomplete measure and may not correctly assess your risk of heart disease and other conditions ( 9 , 10 , 11 ). (nutritionyoucanuse.com)
- This pattern is also why many studies have found links between abdominal circumference and health risk ( 17 , 18 ). (nutritionyoucanuse.com)
- Likewise, waist circumference can be a better indicator of health risk than BMI ( 19 , 20 ), although some recommendations suggest using both as measures ( 21 ). (nutritionyoucanuse.com)
- Previous studies have suggested that ENPP1, INSIG2, and PLIN may be linked with a higher risk for obesity or with increased phenotypic measures of obesity. (uantwerpen.be)
- If women who have polycystic ovary syndrome and are overweight or obese become pregnant, their risk of complications during pregnancy is increased. (msdmanuals.com)
Significantly2
- None of the aortic stiffness measures changed significantly in either of the two other groups. (franciscanhealth.org)
- Presence of the rare allele was not significantly different between cases and controls for the three variants that were tested, while only WHR was associated with ENPP1 in obese subjects. (uantwerpen.be)
Participants4
- In a randomized, controlled trial with 160 sedentary, obese adults aged 65 to 79, participants were assigned to one of three intervention groups for 20 weeks. (franciscanhealth.org)
- Sustained metabolic health in obese participants was associated with age ≤40 years and lower waist circumference. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Participants were divided into two groups of over- weight or obese according to International Obesity Task Force criteria. (pharmapdf.com)
- Mean levels of triglyceride and Apo-lipoprotein B in obese children were signifi cantly higher than overweight participants. (pharmapdf.com)
Visceral fat2
- Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity and truncal obesity, is the human condition of an excessive concentration of visceral fat around the stomach and abdomen to such an extent that it is likely to harm its bearer's health. (wikipedia.org)
- But, in general, visceral fat is extremely dangerous and your waist circumference offers one indication of this ( 23 ). (nutritionyoucanuse.com)
Methods2
- Statistical methods were used to discriminate the best region of interest allowing the in-vivo measure of Central Fat Mass by DXA. (biomedcentral.com)
- Methods A total of 51 Spanish girls (age 7-16 years) with abdominal obesity underwent 8 weeks of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss. (unav.edu)
Subscapular1
- For both sexes a highly positive correlation was found between waist circumference and BMI, percentage of body fat, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and the sum of skinfold measures. (who.int)
Accumulation1
- The main issue for clinicians or researchers is to use techniques for assessing abdominal fat deposition and its accumulation or changes over time, without sacrificing of experimental subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
Adults5
- Accordingly, this review examines the effects of daily CR versus intermittent CR on weight loss, fat mass loss and lean mass retention in overweight and obese adults. (researchgate.net)
- According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016 more than 1.9 billion adults (18 years and older) were overweight, and about 650 million were obese with 39% of the world's population being overweight or obese [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- New research shows that cutting just 200 calories a day and exercising moderately could lead to not only weight loss but improved vascular health in older obese adults. (franciscanhealth.org)
- In other words, an indicative measure of good health in adults is manifest in the height and weight chart, while in children it attains greater importance since it is the benchmark for the overall development of the child. (a2zfitnessmart.com)
- In a small study on massively obese but otherwise normal, nonsmoking, young adults, the single-breath D L,CO increased with the degree of obesity 12 . (ersjournals.com)
Measurements1
- There is a sity (whether total or central), and to quan- suggestion that waist circumference alone tify the association of waist circumference may be a more useful and accurate tool in measurements with age and degree of BMI children than DXA etc. [ 6 ]. (who.int)
Percentile2
- the obesity was defined according to the sex- and age-specific growth charts proposed by National Research Center as BMI ≥ 95th percentile and other 50 age-matched non-obese (BMI between 25th and 85th percentile) children as controls. (springeropen.com)
- A total of 13 086 children aged 7 - 12 years were screened and those with waist circumference = 90th percentile of their age were invited for further evaluations. (pharmapdf.com)
Indicator1
- The ac- and is the best indicator of changes in the intra- cumulation of both types of fat is affected abdominal fat during weight loss [ 8 ]. (who.int)
Childhood obesity1
- These results can guide childhood obesity prevention measures in Kenya and other nations in East Africa. (researchsquare.com)
Aortic3
- These lifestyle changes may help offset age-related increases in aortic stiffness, which is a measure of vascular health and impacts heart disease. (franciscanhealth.org)
- This is the first study to assess the effects of aerobic exercise training with and without reducing calories on aortic stiffness, which was measured via cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging [CMR] to obtain detailed images of the aorta," said study author Tina Brinkley, an associate professor of gerontology and geriatric medicine at the Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention at Wake Forest School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, N.C. (franciscanhealth.org)
- Researchers then used cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to measure aortic arch pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is the speed at which blood travels through the aorta, and distensibility, or the ability of the aorta to expand and contract. (franciscanhealth.org)
Hypertension1
- We aimed to compare the effects of IER with those of CER on blood pressure control and weight loss in overweight and obese patients with hypertension during a 6-month period. (researchgate.net)
Lean1
- When dividing the whole group into lean and fat rats, correlations remained significant between Central Fat Mass and ex-vivo Fat Mass but disappeared for the lean group between abdominal circumference and ex-vivo Fat Mass. (biomedcentral.com)
Measurement1
- The tape should be snug but should not compress the skin, and the waist circumference measurement should be made at the end of a normal breath following exhalation. (clarksnutrition.com)
Women8
- 53% of African American women are obese. (cdc.gov)
- Of the approximately 44% of African American women who are hypertensive, more than 87% are overweight or obese. (cdc.gov)
- Fifty- three percent of African American women are obese (2). (cdc.gov)
- American women are hypertensive (2), and of these, more than 87% are overweight or obese (1). (cdc.gov)
- A waist circumference of more than 94 cm in men and 80 cm in women is considered unsafe. (medicscientist.com)
- A randomized, double-blind, exploratory, placebo-controlled study was conducted in overweight and obese adult women ( n = 44) who ingested synthetic vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopherol), natural source vitamin E (RRR-rac-α-tocopherol) or placebo capsules and were followed up for a period of 8 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
- Obesity is defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a circumference greater than 40 inches for men or 35 inches for women. (findmydirectdoctor.com)
- Typically, women have irregular or no periods, and often, they are overweight or obese and develop acne and characteristics caused by male hormones such as excess body hair). (msdmanuals.com)
Percentage2
- However, it does not account for your body fat percentage versus muscle making it unreliable for measuring health. (canfitpro.com)
- Measuring body fat can be cumbersome (ie, measuring the percentage of body fat). (psychiatrist.com)
Higher1
- Abdominal obesity is linked with higher cardiovascular events among South Asian ethnic population. (wikipedia.org)
Commonly1
- It is commonly seen that people who are obese breathe quickly and often, while inhaling small volumes of air. (wikipedia.org)
Risks1
- Abdominal fat has been recognized as the type of fat leading to the highest health risks compared with fat located elsewhere in the body. (clarksnutrition.com)
Years4
- Central overweight and obesity were indicators for central fatness for both overweight boys and girls and for obese girls except in age group 6.5 ± 1 years. (who.int)
- Stroke is the second leading cause of preventable death worldwide and the fourth leading cause of lost productivity [2], as measured by disability-adjusted life years. (cdc.gov)
- People who live to 100 years have lower measures of creatinine, glucose and uric acid in their blood compared to those with a comparatively shorter lifespan, researchers say. (medicaldaily.com)
- 3.3.1.11 Measuring Children under 8 Years of Age. (cdc.gov)
Insulin1
- The expression of miR-221-3p was positively correlated with body weight, BMI and waist circumference, and negatively correlated with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. (unav.edu)
Health2
- What if I told you that your body weight is not the best measure of your health and fitness? (canfitpro.com)
- It is important to note, however, that BMI does not take into account body composition - muscle mass versus body fat - so it is not always an accurate measure of an individual's health and fitness level. (coalitionbrewing.com)
Body fat2
- Both of the calorie-restricted groups showed bigger changes in BMI, total fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal fat and waist circumference than the exercise-only group. (franciscanhealth.org)
- The BMI and waist circumference, however, do not directly measure body fat or consider factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, or muscle mass. (findmydirectdoctor.com)
Dietary1
- Dietary restriction is an effective strategy for weight loss in obese individuals. (researchgate.net)
Group1
- Abdominal fat is especially active hormonally, secreting a group of hormones called adipokines that may possibly impair glucose tolerance. (wikipedia.org)
Assessment1
- Considerable attention has been given to waist circumference as a complementary (10) and, in some cases, superior (8) assessment to BMI. (cdc.gov)
Total1
- In rodents, the total body weight measure does not give relevant information about body composition, which is an essential parameter in this kind of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)