Nucleus containing chromosomes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Chromosomes hold a very long continuous DNA strand and they contain genes and regulatory functions. (protopage.com)
The S. cerevisiae MCD1 (mitotic chromosome determinant) gene was identified in genetic screens for genes important for chromosome structure. (nih.gov)
Such three-dimensional organization of chromosomes into spatially distinct domains sheds light on how complex genomes might set specific transcriptional programs to regulate genes individually or as groups of genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Each chromosome contains many genes, which are stretches of DNA that tell the cells exactly how to build the many proteins necessary for creating and maintaining a life-form. (nationalgeographic.com)
The 46 human chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 2 sex chromosomes) between them house almost 3 billion base pairs of DNA that contain about 20,500 protein-coding genes. (medicinenet.com)
PWS occurs due to abnormalities affecting certain genes in the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 when deleted from the father's chromosome 15 and hence referred to as a genomic imprinting disorder which depends on the sex of the parent donating the chromosome leading to the chromosome defect in the child. (rarediseases.org)
Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes. (msdmanuals.com)
Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
A chromosome contains many genes. (msdmanuals.com)
We edited constitutive genes with GFP or RFP tags on single alleles and discovered that cells that lose Chromosome reporters (ChReporters) become non-fluorescent. (bvsalud.org)

Chromosome conformation capture techniques (often abbreviated to 3C technologies or 3C-based methods) are a set of molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
In such a modified nuclear cycle, the chromatin duplicates its DNA content during the G 1 and S stages, but, instead of passing to the G 2 stage, the nucleus initiates a new G 1 phase, thus starting a new cycle of chromatin duplication. (scielo.br)
Confocal microscopy demonstrated nanotube s within the nucleus that were in association with cellular and mitotic tubulin as well as the chromatin. (cdc.gov)

this evidence was gained from ultrastructural reconstruction analyses of the arrangement of chromosomes in germ line nuclei (prophase nuclei in spermatogonia and spermatocytes) of males heterozygous for an X-autosome chromosome translocation. (rupress.org)
This X-shape arrangement of chromosomes is required to ensure that each of the two daughter cells receive an identical copy of the genome. (le.ac.uk)
A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)

These results strongly suggest that NS is mainly caused by structural aberrations in the nucleus during interphase of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Three chromosome-specific repetitive probes labeled with either amino acetyl fluorene (AAF), mercury, or biotin were hybridized simultaneously to metaphase chromosomes prepared from human blood lymphocytes or to interphase tumor nuclei. (nih.gov)
Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
1985) described polytene chromosomes as giant chromosomes produced by changes in the mitotic cycle during the interphase stage. (scielo.br)
The endomitotic cycle (endomitosis) starts with a normal prophase (endoprophase), after which the chromosome contracts further (endometaphase), their sister chromatids separate from each other (endoanaphase) and decondense to assume the interphase nuclear structure, resulting in polyploid cells, with double the chromosome number (endopolyploidy) at the end of each cycle. (scielo.br)
For this reason they are not included in the daughter cells' nuclei, thus remaining in the cytoplasm of interphase cells [5, 10, 16, 35]. (bvsalud.org)

Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)
UHRF1 depletion caused chromosome misalignment, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest at mitotic metaphase, and these cells exhibited the defects of spindle geometry, prominently manifested as shorter spindles. (bvsalud.org)

The RCC1 protein, a regulator for the onset of chromosome condensation locates in the nucleus and binds to DNA. (rupress.org)
The mcd1 mutant is defective in sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome condensation. (nih.gov)
The RCC1 gene, a regulator for the onset of chromosome condensation was found to encode a protein with a molecular mass of 45 kD, determined using the antibody against the synthetic peptides prepared according to the amino acid sequence of the putative RCC1 protein. (silverchair.com)
Presumably, RCC1 protein plays a role in regulating the onset of chromosome condensation, at the level of transcription or of mRNA maturation. (silverchair.com)
Also called condensation nucleus . (dictionary.com)

The consequences of such nonrandom aspects of nuclear structure for chromosome behavior on premeiotic and meiotic spindles are discussed. (rupress.org)
Meiotic newt oocyte nuclei were allowed to disperse in 30 mM KCl/NaCl, centrifuged through 2% formaldehyde onto an EM grid, stained with uranyl acetate, and critical point dried. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
Surprisingly, the nup2Δ ndj1Δ double mutant failed to segregate chromosomes, even though the meiotic program continued. (biorxiv.org)
The events of meiotic prophase follow a specialized round of DNA replication when the meiotic chromosome axis is formed. (biorxiv.org)

93:655-669), I suggested that the meiosis I spindle does not play a direct role in the nonrandom sorting of chromosomes but that, instead, haploid sets are already separated in prophase nuclei well before the onset of spindle formation. (rupress.org)
Transmission electron micrograph of a dividing myelocyte from the slender salamander Batrachoseps attenuatus showing mitotic chromosomes at late prophase. (cellimagelibrary.org)

Is the Subject Area "Chromosome pairs" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Most people have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 pairs. (nationalgeographic.com)
Of these pairs 22 are the same in everyone, while one pair-the X and Y pair called the sex chromosomes-gives rise to male and female traits. (nationalgeographic.com)
23 pairs of chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
The ____ of each human cell contains 23 chromosome pairs. (quizhub.com)
pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XY in Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, males, XX in females) (8). (cdc.gov)
Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)

Nucleus with chromosomes, DNA molecule (double helix), telomere and gene (length of DNA that codes for a specific protein). (istockphoto.com)
Acetabularia has a unique complex structure, because of this form and shape, it has become a model organism for studying the gene expression and for the morphogenesis, where it also transfers mRNA molecule from the nucleus to apical base. (vedantu.com)
These assays can detect mutations in the Tk gene that result from both gene mutations and chromosome damage. (biomedcentral.com)
MAGOHB is the top gene dependency in cells with hemizygous MAGOH deletion, a pervasive genetic event that frequently occurs due to chromosome 1p loss. (nih.gov)
He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)
The genetic abnormality can range from minuscule to major -- from a discrete mutation in a single base in the DNA of a single gene to a gross chromosomal abnormality involving the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes. (medicinenet.com)
X-linked inheritance, in which the defective gene is present on the female, or X-chromosome. (medicinenet.com)
Autosomal" means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes. (genome.gov)

Otto Bütschli was the first scientist to recognize the structures now known as chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Polytene chromosomes are structures found in highly specialized tissues in some animal and plant species, which are amplified through successive cycles of endoreduplication, finally producing several copies of each chromosome. (scielo.br)
Chromosomes, distinct structures made up of DNA and protein, are located in the nucleus of each cell. (medicinenet.com)
Such structures are a result of chromosome fragments or entire acentric chromosomes which are lost during a cell division. (bvsalud.org)

Nonrandom chromosome arrangements in germ line nuclei of Sciara coprophila males: the basis for nonrandom chromosome segregation on the meiosis I spindle. (rupress.org)
Meiosis I in males of the Dipteran Sciara coprophila results in the nonrandom distribution of maternally and paternally derived chromosome sets to the two division products. (rupress.org)
Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)

Carcinogens are known to cause swelling of the mammalian cell nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
Carcinogens cause swelling of the mammalian cell nucleus, a phenomenon first reported by Page [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dynamic organization of chromosomes in the mammalian cell nucleus. (uni-muenchen.de)

Analysis of the mcd1 mutant and cell cycle-dependent expression pattern of Mcd1p suggest that this protein functions in chromosome morphogenesis from S phase through mitosis. (nih.gov)
As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis 6 . (nature.com)
Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. (nature.com)
Here we show that pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei spatially cluster throughout mitosis and identify the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex as an essential regulator of this process. (nature.com)

Inactivation of CIP2A-TOPBP1 caused acentric fragments to disperse throughout the mitotic cytoplasm, stochastically partition into the nucleus of both daughter cells and aberrantly misaccumulate as cytoplasmic DNA. (nature.com)
Wright's stain gives the nucleus a deep purple color and the cytoplasm a pale robin's-egg blue in typical cells. (dictionary.com)

Portions of it are tightly bound into packages known as chromosomes. (nationalgeographic.com)

The physical association between Mcd1p and Smc1p, one of the SMC family of chromosomal proteins, further suggests that Mcd1p functions directly on chromosomes. (nih.gov)
and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (bvsalud.org)

SSMTCNPSmitotic centrosome positive F +SSMTCNSGmitotic centrosome signal N ,SSMISFPSmitotic spindle fibers positive V -SSMISFSGmitotic spindle fibers signal ^ .SSMTNMPSmitotic NuMa positive f /SSMTNMSGmitotic NuMa signal n 0SSMTBRPSmitotic intracellular bridge positive v 1SSMTBRSGmitotic intracellular bridge signal ~ 2SSMICHP mitotic chromosomes positive 3SSMICHS mitotic chromosomes signal HEADER RECORD*******OBS HEADER RECORD! (cdc.gov)

This idea was the basis for his development of the chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay, published in 2002 by Job Dekker and colleagues in the Kleckner lab at Harvard University. (wikipedia.org)
The ability to probe the spatial organization of chromosomes through the combination of chromosome conformation capture methods with high-throughput sequencing (3C-Hi-C) has revealed how chromosomes organize into active and inactive compartments (indicated 'A' and 'B' , respectively) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The nucleus holds the DNA and protein. (protopage.com)
After sequential treatment with DNase I and 2 M NaCl, almost all of the RCC1 protein were released from the nuclei. (silverchair.com)
The team studied a key component of a ring-shaped protein complex called cohesin that is known to be important for holding chromosomes together during cell division. (le.ac.uk)
These attachment sites are linked to actin-bundles that surround the nucleus via an Ndj1-Mps3-Csm4 protein bridge that spans the inner and outer nuclear membranes. (biorxiv.org)
The nuclear protein Ki-67 was first identified by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67, which was generated by immunizing mice with nuclei of the L428 Hodgkin lymphoma cell line. (biolegend.com)
The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). (enchantedlearning.com)
Our study clarifies a novel UHRF1 function as a nuclear protein catalyzing EG5 polyubiquitination for proper spindle architecture and faithful genomic transmission, which is independent of its roles in epigenetic regulation and DNA damage repair inside the nucleus. (bvsalud.org)

Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902. (wikipedia.org)
Aided by the rediscovery at the start of the 1900s of Gregor Mendel 's earlier work, Boveri was able to point out the connection between the rules of inheritance and the behaviour of the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)
The stochastic inheritance of chromosome fragments by both newly formed daughter cells could in part contribute to the alternating DNA copy-number states that are characteristic of chromothripsis 2 . (nature.com)

So the nucleus of the cell which contains the genetic information generally directing the cellular development. (vedantu.com)
The nucleus of the plant cell is on the inside of the plant cell in most opinions is the brain and power behind the cell. (protopage.com)
The nucleolus is a sub-organelle of the cell nucleus though itself is a nucleus. (protopage.com)
The chromosomes are located inside the cell. (protopage.com)
In 2013, Takashi Nagano and Peter Fraser introduced in-nuclei ligation for Hi-C and single-cell Hi-C. In 2014, Suhas Rao, Miriam Huntley, et al. (wikipedia.org)
The essential difference between endomitosis and the normal cell cycle is the absence of nuclear membrane dissolution in endomitosis, with the whole cycle occurring inside the nucleus. (scielo.br)
All of it fits into the cell nucleus. (creation.com)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Our cell's nucleus contains two meters of DNA that must be propagated without error each time a cell divides. (le.ac.uk)
Ever since the invention of the first light microscopes more than 100 years ago, scientists have puzzled over how chromosomes receive their X-shape during cell division. (le.ac.uk)
Now, a team of researchers led by Professor Daniel Panne at the University of Leicester and Dr Benjamin Rowland at the Netherlands Cancer Institute have determined at a molecular level how the iconic X-shape of chromosomes is generated during cell division. (le.ac.uk)
Professor Panne said: "It is exciting to finally understand at a molecular and atomic level how the iconic X-shape of chromosomes during cell division is generated. (le.ac.uk)
Any epithelial cell may be so granular from degenerative changes that the nucleus is obscured. (dictionary.com)
Aneuploidy is an abnormality in the number of chromosomes in a cell due to loss or duplication. (genome.gov)
The 82nd Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on Chromosome Segregation & Structure and addressed the enormous progress in our understanding of the nature and behavior of chromosomes during the life cycle of the cell. (cshlpress.com)
The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located. (enchantedlearning.com)
DSRCT is composed of small cells with round hyperchromatic nuclei and a dense fibrous or spindle cell stroma. (medscape.com)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
To investigate this, we developed a live-cell method to measure changes in chromosome numbers. (bvsalud.org)

Because chromosomes are the carriers of the genetic material, abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can result in disease. (medicinenet.com)
Exposure to agents that interfere with the formation and movement of the mitotic spindle apparatus and cause abnormalities in chromosome number result in a greater risk of cancer. (cdc.gov)

Abnormalities included changes in mitotic spindles, including multiple poles that resulted in aneuploid chromosome number. (cdc.gov)
The low density and small size of these bridges, and aneuploid chromosome number biologically persistent particles makes respiratory were observed. (cdc.gov)

Those energy-producing organelles are inherited from a mother and have their own DNA, distinct from the genetic information - from both parents - that's stored in a cell's nucleus . (dictionary.com)

Nucleus in heredity c. (vedantu.com)
Chromosomes in heredity d. (vedantu.com)

Depending on the behavior of the sister chromatids, polytene nuclei can be divided into two structural types. (scielo.br)
These findings revealed a previously unknown mechanism of UHRF1 in controlling mitotic spindle architecture and chromosome behavior and provided mechanistic evidence for UHRF1 deletion-mediated G2/M arrest. (bvsalud.org)

[5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
In plants, polytene chromosomes have been observed in only a few species, and seemed to be restricted to ovary and immature seed tissues, e.g., in Phaseolus coccineus and P. vulgaris (Nagl, 1981), until relatively recently, when they were observed in the cells of the anther tapetum of Vigna unguiculata (Guerra and Carvalheira, 1994) and of some Phaseolus species (Carvalheira and Guerra, 1994). (scielo.br)
With the discovery of the polytenics in tapetum tissue, it was observed that in many other species of various angiosperm families the tapetal cells also display polytene, polyploid or both types of nuclei. (scielo.br)
DNA exists inside the nucleus of each of the body's cells. (nationalgeographic.com)
The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)
Division of the chromosomes and formation of the first daughter cells? (evolutionnews.org)
When cells go about their day-to-day business, their DNA is loosely distributed in the nucleus. (le.ac.uk)
When cells divide, the DNA becomes packed as tightly organised X-shaped chromosomes that are then evenly distributed to the two daughter cells. (le.ac.uk)
Advantage has been taken of the natural ability of Agrobacterium to transfer plasmid DNA into the nuclei of susceptible plant cells. (jrank.org)
A karyotype is a picture of the full set of chromosomes in a person's cells. (msdmanuals.com)
BN are cells which have two similar-sized nuclei (almost the same size). (bvsalud.org)

A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)

Mitotic clustering facilitates the reassembly of acentric fragments into rearranged chromosomes lacking the extensive DNA copy-number losses that are characteristic of canonical chromothripsis. (nature.com)
However, most fragments derived from pulverized chromosomes are acentric and cannot directly bind to spindle microtubules 14 . (nature.com)

Because of this translocation, the maternal and paternal chromosome sets are distinguishable, so it is possible to demonstrate that (a) the two haploid chromosome sets occupy distinct maternal and paternal nuclear compartments and that (b) nuclei are oriented so that the two haploid chromosome sets have consistent relationships to a well-defined cellular axis. (rupress.org)
It is, however, important to differentiate between the nuclear cycles that result in polyploid nuclei and those that produce polytene nuclei, because these two terms of the nuclear types are often used indiscriminately in the literature. (scielo.br)
Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)
The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane. (enchantedlearning.com)

These findings indicate that these SWCNTs can enter the nucleus, inducing mitotic spindle disruption and abnormal chromosome number. (cdc.gov)

[4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)
For example, Down syndrome (sometimes referred to as ' Down's syndrome ') or trisomy 21 is a common genetic disorder that occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21. (medicinenet.com)

This pioneer work highlighted how the fractal organization of chromosomes could favor their folding into individual domains and revealed topologically associating domains (TADs) and sub-TADs (reviewed by Tanay and Cavalli [ 2 ]), which represent a pervasive structural feature of the organization of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The three-dimensional organization of chromosomes into TADs corresponds with epigenetically defined domains that are marked by specific histone modifications [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A July 1884 New York Times article called her "the nucleus and center of the whole organization of crime in New York City. (dictionary.com)

The term endomitosis is, however, generally used to describe the formation of both polyploid and polytene nuclei (q.v. Nagl, 1974). (scielo.br)
Nagl (1978, 1981, 1987) has suggested the term endocycle rather than endomitosis, and D'Amato (1984) has adopted the term endomitotic and endoreduplication to distinguish between those that produce polyploid and polytene nuclei, respectively. (scielo.br)
Involved in heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing and response to hypoxia. (nih.gov)

Thus, distinct patterns of chromothripsis can be explained by the spatial clustering of pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei. (nature.com)

These studies implicate a potential mechanism suppressing the loss of genetic material after chromosome pulverization, although how distinct patterns of rearrangements arise in cancer and germline disorders remains unclear. (nature.com)

A ____ is a large spherical body within the nucleus. (quizhub.com)

Diploid (2n): 2 sets of chromosomes. (mindmeister.com)

The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)
The beginning of the human Y chromosome as seen with the Skittle Genome Visualization Tool. (creation.com)
However, challenges have emerged due to M. lignano being a hidden polyploid, having recently undergone whole-genome duplication and chromosome fusion events. (bvsalud.org)

In the endoreduplication cycle, the chromatid number is duplicated, but they do not segregate, and after various endoreduplication cycles, larger and thicker chromosomes are produced, called polytenics. (scielo.br)

Q22- Who have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes? (successcds.net)

Three-color in situ hybridization was applied to the study of numerical chromosome abnormalities as occur in human solid tumors. (nih.gov)
Q12- In human males all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. (successcds.net)
Chromosome damages are widely used as biomarkers in monitoring human exposure to carcinogenic agents [8, 20, 36]. (bvsalud.org)

Confocal microscopy demon- exposures to workers likely during the production strated nanotubes within the nucleus that were in or use of commercial products. (cdc.gov)

This takes place at low DNA concentrations or within intact, permeabilized nuclei in the presence of T4 DNA ligase, such that ligation between cross-linked interacting fragments is favored over ligation between fragments that are not cross-linked. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy96

Organisms8

Diseases21

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes151

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Genes13

Chromatin4

Arrangement of chromosomes3

Interphase6

Metaphase3

Condensation5

Meiotic5

Prophase2

Pairs8

Gene8

Structures4

Meiosis3

Mammalian cell nucleus3

Mitosis4

Cytoplasm2

Known as chromosomes1

Proteins2

Mitotic chromosomes1

Conformation capture2

Protein7

Inheritance4

Cell19

Abnormalities in chromosome2

Aneuploid chromosome2

Cell's1

Heredity2

Behavior2

Cells11

Organism1

Acentric2

Nuclear4

Abnormal1

Copies2

Organization3

Polytene3

Spatial1

Distinct1

Spherical1

Diploid1

Genome3

Segregate1

Pair1

Human3

Confocal1

Fragments1