• AMPA receptor (AMPAR) transmission onto medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the adult rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) is normally dominated by GluA2-containing, Ca 2+ -impermeable AMPAR (CI-AMPARs). (okstate.edu)
  • Here, we compared trafficking of GluA1A2 CI-AMPARs and homomeric GluA1 CP-AMPARs using immunocytochemical assays in cultured NAc MSNs plated with prefrontal cortical neurons to restore excitatory inputs. (okstate.edu)
  • The dopaminergic neurons of the mesolimbic pathway project onto the GABAergic medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nucleus accumbens is an aggregate of neurons which is described as having an outer shell and an inner core. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dopaminergic inputs from the VTA modulate the activity of GABAergic neurons within the nucleus accumbens. (wikipedia.org)
  • The correlated cells of these excited states of the medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens are shared equally between the subiculum and CA1. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nucleus accumbens is one of the few regions that receives a high density of histaminergic projections from the tuberomammillary nucleus (the sole source of histamine neurons in the brain). (wikipedia.org)
  • The output neurons of the nucleus accumbens send axonal projections to the basal ganglia and the ventral analog of the globus pallidus, known as the ventral pallidum (VP). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell types: Neurons in the nucleus accumbens are mostly medium spiny neurons (MSNs) containing mainly D1-type (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increase of energy accumulation elicits leptin release and simultaneous inhibition of orexigenic neurons expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), as well as activation of the anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). (frontiersin.org)
  • There is a highly divergent projection from large numbers of cerebral cortical neurons (eight CCs are shown) to the two input nuclei of the BG network, namely the striatum (shaded box containing six spiny neurons (SpNs)) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). (scholarpedia.org)
  • The outputs of the two microscopic modules loop back to focal sites in cortex (not explicitly shown) via thalamic neurons T1 and T2. (scholarpedia.org)
  • The cerebral cortex sends divergent excitatory projections to a network (shaded box) of medium spiny neurons and to STN. (scholarpedia.org)
  • 3) Somkuwar SS, Kantak KM, Dwoskin LP. Effect of methylphenidate treatment during adolescence on norepinephrine transporter function in orbitofrontal cortex in a rat model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (madinamerica.com)
  • The VP, in turn, projects to the medial dorsal nucleus of the dorsal thalamus, which projects to the prefrontal cortex as well as back to the ventral and to dorsal striatum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nucleus accumbens is often described as one part of a cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop. (wikipedia.org)
  • Almey A, Cannel E, Bertram K, Filardo E, Milner TA, Brake WG (2014) Medial prefrontal cortical estradiol rapidly alters memory system bias in female rats: Ultrastructural analysis reveals membrane-associated estrogen receptors as potential mediators. (concordia.ca)
  • 5. Sedrak M, Gorgulho A, Bari A , Behnke E, Frew A, Gevorkyan I, Pouratian N, DeSalles A. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and colored fractional anisotropy (FA) mapping of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus interna (GPi). (uclahealth.org)
  • Salmaso N, Quinlan MG, Brake WG, Woodside B (2011) Changes in dendritic spine density on layer 2/3 pyramidal cells within the cingulate cortex of late pregnant and postpartum rats. (concordia.ca)
  • We transiently inactivated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or the nucleus accumbens (NA), hypothesizing that because these regions are involved in the acquisition and reinstatement of self-administration of both natural and pharmacological stimuli, they might also serve a role in the motivation to wheel run. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the current investigation sought to determine the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (medial PFC, mPFC) in mediating appetite for highly palatable foods in mice experiencing REM sleep loss. (elifesciences.org)
  • 10. Bari AA , Fasano A, Munhoz RP, Lozano AM. Improving outcomes of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease. (uclahealth.org)
  • Moreover, this dose is 5-10 times higher than the dose necessary to stimulate the caudate nucleus (extrapyramidal motor system) and the neural structures regulating the sleep-wake cycle, the 2 functions that are most sensitive to caffeine. (medscape.com)
  • Summary: The authors assessed the effects of varying ACh tone on whisker-evoked NVC responses in rat barrel cortex. (atsbio.com)
  • Without DBS, the brain activity around the nucleus of OCD patients differed greatly from those in the control groups without OCD. (thedoctorwillseeyounow.com)
  • When the deep brain electrodes were turned on, activity in the nucleus accumbens of the OCD patients, as well as transmissions between the nucleus accumbens and the prefrontal cortex became similar to that of the scans of those in the control group. (thedoctorwillseeyounow.com)
  • The intensity of Beclin 1 in the nuclei was stronger than in other parts of the cell in all samples, which could indicate a stronger activity of its nuclear tasks compared to autophagy. (helsinki.fi)
  • also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the nucleus accumbens septi, Latin for "nucleus adjacent to the septum") is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (OPFC) and the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) can disrupt performance in inter-temporal choice tasks, possibly by increasing the organism's sensitivity to delay and/or magnitude of reinforcement. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The nucleus accumbens plays a lesser role in processing fear (a form of aversion), impulsivity, and the placebo effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • 11 The role of propranolol can be explained by adrenergic terminals in the locus coeruleus and ending in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex stimulating β adrenoreceptors. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Even though my pre-frontal cortex is not doing its job, I send love and forgiveness to this part of my brain. (emofree.com)