• The sixth nerve nucleus is located in the pons, just ventral to the floor of the fourth ventricle and just lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). (medscape.com)
  • The abducens nerve emerges from the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction to enter the subarachnoid space, coursing upward between the pons and clivus to enter the Dorello canal. (medscape.com)
  • The cranial nerve nuclei are a series of bilateral grey matter motor and sensory nuclei located in the midbrain , pons and medulla that are the collections of afferent and efferent cell bodies for many of the cranial nerves . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Cranial nerve V, also known as the trigeminal nerve, originates from the pons, which is a part of the brainstem. (proprofs.com)
  • A somatic motor nerve originating in the abducens nucleus in the pons. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It runs up and anterior to the pons and pierces the dura overlying the basilar part of the occipital bone and runs in Dorello's canal (piece of bone consisting of the inferior petrosal sinus and 6th nerve) prior to their entrance within the Cavernous Sinus. (myneurosurg.com)
  • The large spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve is a conspicuous object in sections through the pons and medulla oblongata. (co.ma)
  • The motor nucleus (Fig. 532) lies in the lateral part of the tegmental portion of the pons, close to the medial side of the main sensory terminal nucleus, but somewhat nearer the floor of the fourth ventricle. (co.ma)
  • The motor nucleus of the facial nerve is located in the reticular formation of the caudal pons. (medscape.com)
  • Between the basal pons, cranial nerve 6, 7 and 8 emerge (medial to lateral). (wikidoc.org)
  • At the rostral pons, the occulomotor nerve emerges at the midline. (wikidoc.org)
  • Laterally, the trochlear nerve has emerged after emerging out of the dorsal rostral pons and wrapping around to the anterior. (wikidoc.org)
  • The basilar pons and the pontine tegmentum contain nuclei and tracts. (dipg.org)
  • The basilar pons contains a complex combination of tracts (bundles of axons) and nuclei (collections of cell bodies of neurons). (dipg.org)
  • Abducens nerve emerges from the brain stem in the posterior cranial fossa from a groove at the junction of the pons and medulla oblongata medial to the facial nerve exit. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • There is only one nucleus for each of the abducent nerves that is present in the upper pons (seen in the cut section of upper pons) at the level of facial colliculi. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE . (nih.gov)
  • Internuclear ophthalmoplegia results from damage to the medial longitudinal fasciculus, interrupting fibres projecting from the abducens nucleus in the pons to the contralateral medial rectus subnucleus of the III nerve nucleus in the midbrain, which mediates adduction during conjugate lateral gaze. (neuroophthalmology.ca)
  • For example, the trigeminal ganglion is superficial to the temporal bone whereas its associated nerve is attached to the mid-pons region of the brain stem. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Upward and downward gaze depends on input from fiber pathways that ascend from the vestibular system through the MLF on both sides to the 3rd and 4th cranial nerve nuclei, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A separate system descends, presumably from the cerebral hemispheres, through the midbrain pretectum to the 3rd and 4th cranial nerve nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Neuropathologic studies indicate that these disorders may result from the maldevelopment of the oculomotor (nIII), trochlear (nIV) and abducens (nVI) cranial nerve nuclei 3-5 . (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In both cases the sixth cranial nerve nucleus was absent, as was the sixth nerve, and the lateral rectus muscle was innervated by the inferior division of the third or oculomotor cranial nerve. (bionity.com)
  • Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled. (wikipedia.org)
  • the inferior alveolar nerves innervate the lower teeth and gingivae. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Nucleus of inferior. (co.ma)
  • The olives are swellings in the medulla containing underlying inferior olivary nuclei (containing various nuclei and afferent fibers). (wikidoc.org)
  • and the nucleus of the inferior colliculus is very significant. (co.ma)
  • When, on the other hand, the cochlear terminal nuclei are destroyed, fibres which have undergone atrophy may be followed to the inferior colliculi of both sides, but particularly to that of the opposite side (Baginski, Bumm, and Ferrier and Turner). (co.ma)
  • For the internal strabismus, the defect sometimes is due to any damage to the abducent nerve, the sixth cranial nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • In the following text, we shall have a look at the origin, course, classification, and functional component(s) of the abducent nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • Last but not least, we shall have a look at the diseases caused by damage to the abducent nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The abducent or abducent nerve is the sixth cranial nerve (CN VI). (brainmadesimple.com)
  • All the extraocular muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve (CN III) except the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles, which are innervated by the trochlear nerve (CN IV) and abducent nerve (CN VI), respectively. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • This fasciculus connects the abducent nerve nucleus with the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), and vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This will be more evident in the facial nerve section. (myneurosurg.com)
  • and then lower down, between the restiform body and the nucleus of the facial nerve (Fig. 498, p. 565). (co.ma)
  • The anatomy and embryology of the facial nerve are complex. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital anomalies of the auricle, for example, should raise suspicion for an associated facial nerve anomaly. (medscape.com)
  • The objective of this article is to outline the embryology of the facial nerve and its common clinical implications. (medscape.com)
  • The reader is referred to Embryology and Anomalies of the Facial Nerve and Their Surgical Implications (Sataloff, 1991) for a comprehensive review of the development of the facial nerve and the associated development of the ear. (medscape.com)
  • The surgical anatomy and landmarks of the facial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Schematic illustration shows the facial nerve and its peripheral connections. (medscape.com)
  • While studying the embryology of the facial nerve, keep in mind the mature course and structure that is the end result of developmental events. (medscape.com)
  • After exiting the internal auditory canal, the facial nerve enters the middle ear, where it bends posteriorly (first, or medial, genu) and courses horizontally through the middle ear. (medscape.com)
  • Just anterior to the lateral aspect of the horizontal semicircular canal, the facial nerve curves gently (the second genu) to form the vertical, or mastoid, segment that exits via the stylomastoid foramen. (medscape.com)
  • By the end of the fourth week of gestation (4.8-6.5 mm CRL), the facial nerve splits into 2 parts: the caudal and rostral trunks. (medscape.com)
  • This paper presents the case of a 3-year-old female patient, product of a trigemellar pregnancy with a clinical diagnosis of Moebius syndrome at birth, confirmed by neuroimaging, which shows the bilateral absence of the facial nerve in point-lateral angles. (bvsalud.org)
  • These cranial nerves are the abducens nerve , facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve , respectively. (wikidoc.org)
  • Each facial colliculus , contrary to their names, do not contain the facial nerve nuclei. (wikidoc.org)
  • Instead, they have facial nerve axons traversing superficial to underlying abducens (CN VI) nuclei. (wikidoc.org)
  • Facial colliculi are actually rounded, bulged structures that are formed by the winding of fibers of the facial nerve around the nuclei of abducent nerves. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • We report idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with isolated complete unilateral facial nerve palsy, as the sole cranial nerve involved, which is a presentation rarely reported in the literature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two days later, she reported a dramatic improvement in both headache and facial nerve palsy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a limited number of cases, CN VII (facial nerve) palsy has been reported in association with IIH and other CN and/or CNs involvement [ 8 ] and, in even fewer cases, as isolated unilateral CN VII palsy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In light of this, we present one of the rare cases of IIH presenting with isolated complete unilateral CN VII (facial nerve) palsy as the sole CN involved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bell's palsy is the most common peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve or cranial nerve VII, has an incidence of 20 per 100,000 and carries a lifetime risk of 1 in 60. (emboardbombs.com)
  • Around 70% of facial nerve palsies will be diagnosed as Bell's. (emboardbombs.com)
  • There are some thoughts regarding inflammation and swelling of the facial nerve, but who knows. (emboardbombs.com)
  • The facial nerve has multiple functions as it supplies motor and parasympathetic function, taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, as well as control of the salivary and lacrimal glands. (emboardbombs.com)
  • Bells palsy is a unilateral facial weakness due to palsy in the facial nerve itself, thus involving the forehead. (emboardbombs.com)
  • Bilateral facial nerve palsy is classically associated with Lyme disease and is the correct answer on every test question, but it's not just tick-borne illnesses you need to look out for. (emboardbombs.com)
  • In the correct clinical context of bilateral facial nerve palsy and suggestion of intracranial mass, get advanced imaging. (emboardbombs.com)
  • The most common neurological finding in Lyme disease is facial nerve palsy. (emboardbombs.com)
  • Which Cranial nerve(s) come from the midbrain? (proprofs.com)
  • These findings confirm the hypothesis that CFEOM2 results from the abnormal development of NIII/NIV (ref. 7) and emphasize a critical role for ARIX in the development of these midbrain motor nuclei 13-19 . (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The SCP is the major output of the cerebellum, divided between the red nucleus in the midbrain and the thalamus, which will return cerebellar processing to the motor cortex. (foobrdigital.com)
  • Cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11 originate from the Medulla. (proprofs.com)
  • Fibres constantly leave it to enter the nucleus, so that the lower it gets the smaller does the spinal tract become until, in the upper part of the spinal medulla, about the level of the first or second spinal nerve, it disappears altogether. (co.ma)
  • The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Nerves with axons that conduct electrochemical impulses toward the central nervous system (CNS) are afferent, nerves with axons that conduct impulses away from the CNS are efferent, and nerves with both afferent and efferent axons are mixed. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Overall, the present data suggest that acute repair of neonatal peripheral nerves with fibrin sealant results in neuroprotection and regeneration of motor and sensory axons. (hindawi.com)
  • Upon leaving the motor nucleus, axons extend dorsally and medially, cranially and superficially, to bend around the abducens (sixth cranial nerve) nucleus. (medscape.com)
  • The sensory root (nervus intermedius) consists of (1) central projections of neurons located in the geniculate ganglion (general somatic fibers that synapse in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve and special afferent fibers that synapse in the nucleus solitarius) and (2) axons of parasympathetic neurons from the superior salivatory (lacrimal) nucleus. (medscape.com)
  • The nuclei of the cranial nerves are the collection of cell bodies of axons forming that cranial nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The labeling inside the MdRF was consistent using the BDA situations (Figure.Frontiers in Neuroanatomy www.frontiersin.orgApril Volume ArticleWang et al.A cMRF Tectoreticuloreticular PathwayFIGURE PhaL labeled reticuloreticular axons at the degree of the abducens nucleus. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • Note the ipsilateral predominance on the terminal labeling within the PRF and MdRF.Photomicrographs showing examples of PhaL labeled terminal arbors in the level of the caudal abducens nucleus (Figure A) are presented in Figures B . Thin,PhaL labeled axons could be observed with occasional branch points and terminal arbors inside this region. (signsin1dayinc.com)
  • Also, the fibrous region is composed of the axons of these neurons that are passing through the ganglion to be part of the dorsal nerve root (tissue source: canine). (lumenlearning.com)
  • These ganglia are the cell bodies of neurons with axons that are sensory endings in the periphery, such as in the skin, and that extend into the CNS through the dorsal nerve root. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Conjugate horizontal gaze is controlled by neural input from the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, vestibular nuclei, and neck. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The midline regions of the cerebellum, the vermis and flocculonodular lobe , are involved in comparing visual information, equilibrium, and proprioceptive feedback to maintain balance and coordinate movements such as walking, or gait , through the descending output of the red nucleus (Figure 16.15). (foobrdigital.com)
  • Multiple cranial nerve deficits or bilateral abducens nerve palsy associated with ENKL have been reported [ 3 ], but isolated unilateral abducens palsy is rarely reported. (hindawi.com)
  • Von Graefe and Möbius accepted only cases with congenital facial diplegia and bilateral abducens nerve palsies as constituting Möbius syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • It also interacts with the third and fourth cranial nerves, oculomotor and trochlear, respectively, as well as with the eighth cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) to perform conjugate eye movements (discussed later). (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The nerve fibers sending these signals will mot likely belong to which division of the nervous system? (easynotecards.com)
  • The condition is caused by aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus by fibers of the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Under microscopic inspection, it can be seen to include the cell bodies of the neurons, as well as bundles of fibers that are the posterior nerve root (Figure 1). (lumenlearning.com)
  • Congenital sixth nerve palsy (Duane syndrome) is a well-recognized entity. (medscape.com)
  • Examination for a sixth nerve palsy involves documenting the presence or absence of papilledema, examining the ocular motility, evaluating the eyelids and pupils, and excluding involvement of other cranial nerves (eg, V, VII, VIII). (medscape.com)
  • Poor or no resolution of sixth nerve palsy should prompt a full neurologic evaluation. (medscape.com)
  • Damage to the sixth nerve nucleus results in an ipsilateral gaze palsy. (medscape.com)
  • Abducens palsy can be a false localizing sign with lesions that cause increased intracranial pressure and stretching of the sixth nerve as it ascends the clival area. (medscape.com)
  • Abducens nerve palsy is frequently seen as a postviral syndrome in younger patients and as an ischemic mononeuropathy in the adult population. (medscape.com)
  • A physical examination revealed isolated left abducens nerve palsy. (hindawi.com)
  • This report is unique in two aspects: the unilateral abducens nerve palsy as the initial and isolated symptom of ENKL, and the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL. (hindawi.com)
  • Abducens nerve palsy is a common clinical finding in neurology practice and the etiology of the palsy is complicated. (hindawi.com)
  • The common causes of unilateral abducens nerve palsy are neoplasm and vascular disease in middle-aged people [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein we report a case with unilateral abducens nerve palsy as initial symptom in the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL and investigated the clinical feature of the diagnosis and therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • He was found to have isolated left abducens nerve palsy. (hindawi.com)
  • A 6th Nerve Palsy can be quite common in exams, as they can be caused via extra-ocular muscle pathology, rather than any intrinsic lesion in the brain, therefore it is still vitally important. (myneurosurg.com)
  • A 40-year-old Hispanic woman with a history of obesity and hypertension presented to our emergency department complaining of bifrontal headache for 3 days associated with nausea, vomiting, transient visual disturbances, and a picture of right-sided cranial nerve VII palsy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this case report, we aimed to draw attention to the possibility of idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with unilateral cranial nerve VII palsy as the only cranial nerve involved, which needs a high index of suspicion by clinicians. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanisms of cranial nerve VII palsy in idiopathic intracranial hypertension are not well understood and prompt further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A neurologist had documented gaze-evoked nystagmus and a left VI nerve palsy. (neuroophthalmology.ca)
  • The blood lines and nasogastric suction, or cl- diarrhea, are usually found in stages beginning with abducens or oculomotor nerve palsy and bilateral involvement on a regular elimination routine based on behavioral interventions, and interventions as those for adult health, the following measures helpful in providing a sense of control. (oaksofwellington.com)
  • Diplopia worse with distance is more typical of sixth nerve palsy because of difficulty with divergence at distance of the eyes while diplopia worse at near is more suggestive of medial rectus palsy because of the need for convergence of the eyes at near. (eyewiki.org)
  • A pupil involving third nerve palsy may occur with subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm. (eyewiki.org)
  • Ptosis and diplopia from ophthalmoplegia with an ipsilateral mydriatic pupil may suggest a third nerve palsy versus an ipsilateral miotic pupil and mild ptosis which may suggest a concomitant Horner syndrome. (eyewiki.org)
  • However, in this case, there is dysfunction of the ipsilateral abducens nerve resulting in a lateral gaze palsy. (emboardbombs.com)
  • Here it is traversed and broken up into separate bundles by the olivo-cerebellar fibres and the roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (co.ma)
  • When you move your head the vestibular system relays that information to the brainstem and the oculomotor nuclei to coordinate your eyes moving in an equal and opposite direction, so your gaze stays steady and the object of interest doesn't become blurry. (thefnc.com)
  • Input from the vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebullum to the cerebral cortex causes what? (freezingblue.com)
  • Several motor and sensory nuclei form longitudinal columns in the brainstem, leading to some authors describing them as single discontinuous longitudinal nuclear columns rather than the more numerous individual separate nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Dorsal portion of the neuroepithelium that gives rise to sensory nuclei of the spinal cord and brain stem. (mhmedical.com)
  • Neurotransmitter used by motor neurons and neurons in several nuclei, including the basal nucleus and the pedunculopontine nucleus. (mhmedical.com)
  • Experimentally, a well-accepted model to mimic axotomy injury retrograde repercussion to spinal neurons is the neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)
  • Collections of neurons that serve a particular function are called nuclei. (dipg.org)
  • The underlying pathology is the absence of the sixth cranial nerve at the nuclear or supranuclear level and/or maldevelopment of the nerve itself or the motor neurons of the abducens nucleus and aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus muscle, which is mainly responsible for the abnormal eye movements. (oftalmoloji.org)
  • The neurons of cranial nerve ganglia are also unipolar in shape with associated satellite cells. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Extensive interconnections exist between many of these nuclei, as well as with other brainstem nuclei and white matter tracts, such as the medial lemniscus and medial longitudinal fasciculus . (radiopaedia.org)
  • It is serially homologous with the motor nuclei of the lateral somatic group, namely, the facial and nucleus ambiguus. (co.ma)
  • Lateral (and dorsal) to the olives are the rootlets for cranial nerves IX and X ( glossopharyngeal and vagus , respectively). (wikidoc.org)
  • This is analogous to the dorsal root ganglion, except that it is associated with a cranial nerve instead of a spinal nerve . (lumenlearning.com)
  • The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The Vagus nerve is one exception that provides innervation to structures in the head and neck region as well as in the abdomen and chest cavity. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The 6th cranial nucleus controls the lateral rectus on the same side and projects to the contralateral 3rd cranial nerve nucleus via the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) to activate the medial rectus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: Lack of communication such that when CN VI nucleus activates ipsilateral lateral rectus, contralateral CN III nucleus does not stimulate medial rectus to contract. (epomedicine.com)
  • Cranial nerve VI, also known as the abducens nerve, innervates the ipsilateral lateral rectus (LR), which functions to abduct the ipsilateral eye. (medscape.com)
  • Neural input from these sites converges at the horizontal gaze center (paramedian pontine reticular formation) and is integrated into a final command to the adjacent 6th cranial nerve (abducens) nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The pontine tegmentum is made up of cranial nerves which serve the head and neck, associated nuclei, the reticular formation (neural network involved in functions including cardiovascular control, pain modulation, sleep and awakening), and tracts (both ascending and descending). (dipg.org)
  • It is a long, slender, motor nerve and supplies only one of the extraocular muscles of the eye and functions in the movement of the eyeball within the orbit. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The purposes of this study were to investigate the morphological characteristics of the oculomotor nerve (CN III), the abducens nerve (CN VI), and the extraocular muscles in patients with clinically diagnosed Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) using MRI. (qxmd.com)
  • Vertical diplopia (images displaced vertically) can be due to involvement of extraocular muscles, neuromuscular junction (e.g., myasthenia gravis), or cranial nerves (e.g. (eyewiki.org)
  • This segment courses rostral or caudal to or between the rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The tonsillomedullary segment (blue) extends from the level of the latter nerves around the caudal half of the tonsil and often forms a caudally convex loop. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • This misdirection of nerve fibres results in opposing muscles being innervated by the same nerve. (bionity.com)
  • The small motor part of the trigeminal nerve is distributed chiefly to the muscles of mastication, and derives its fibres from the motor nucleus. (co.ma)
  • It does not become displaced so far forwards as these nuclei, because its chief source of sensory impulses the terminal nucleus of the trigeminal afferent fibres-is placed alongside it, and there is no need for any definite migration (Fig. 532). (co.ma)
  • Finally, reaching the level of the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, the fibres of the mesencephalic root turn forwards and are said to join the sensory part (Johnston) of the trigeminal nerve. (co.ma)
  • Nerve-fibres reach the superior colliculus through-(1) the lemnisci and (2) the superior brachium. (co.ma)
  • The lateral lemniscus, to a large extent, comes from the nuclei of termination of the cochlear nerve of the opposite side. (co.ma)
  • Pupillary dynamics indicate sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation, so in fact the third cranial nerve is substantially involved. (oftalmoloji.org)
  • Another group of autonomic ganglia are the terminal ganglia that receive input from cranial nerves or sacral spinal nerves and are responsible for regulating the parasympathetic aspect of homeostatic mechanisms. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The most common and devastating impairment of horizontal gaze results from pontine lesions that affect the horizontal gaze center and the 6th cranial nerve nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF integrates the neural input into a final command for vertical gaze, similar to the horizontal gaze center for horizontal gaze. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The sixth cranial nerve is the most commonly affected of the ocular motor nerves. (medscape.com)
  • Möbius syndrome is due, in part, to the loss of function of motor cranial nerves (CNs). (medscape.com)
  • The close relationship embryologically between the motor nuclei of the sixth and seventh CNs explains the pathology of this congenital condition. (medscape.com)
  • Some nuclei are small and contribute to a single cranial nerve, such as some of the motor nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Symptoms of nerve injury include paresthesias, loss of sensation and position sense, impaired motor function, cranial nerve malfunction, changes in reflexes, and impairments in glandular secretion. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Underlying each of these are motor nuclei for the respective cranial nerves. (wikidoc.org)
  • The sensory and motor innervation to the structures in the head and neck region of the body is exclusively provided by the cranial nerves. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • As we know, the abducens nerve is a motor nerve. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The red nucleus sends new motor commands to the spinal cord through the rubrospinal tract . (foobrdigital.com)
  • The trigeminal nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face and controlling the muscles involved in chewing. (proprofs.com)
  • Mesenchymal concentrations that form the cephalic muscles are seen in association with their nerves, while the epibranchial placode disappears and the geniculate ganglion is identifiable. (medscape.com)
  • Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital disease characterized by unilateral or bilateral involvement of the VI and VII cranial nerves, which compromises the muscles that control ocular motricity with paralysis in the abduction of the eyeball and the muscles involved in the facial expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1 There is a simultaneous innervation of the medial and lateral rectus muscles and the latter is partially innervated by the branches of the oculomotor nerve. (oftalmoloji.org)
  • Binocular horizontal diplopia (images displaced horizontally) is usually due to disease of the medial or lateral rectus muscle, the neuromuscular junction, or the nerves supplying these muscles (e.g., cranial nerves III or VI). (eyewiki.org)
  • Complete separation of the facial and acoustic nerves is apparent, and a discrete nervus intermedius develops, making this an important temporal reference point for gestational disorders that affect both systems. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging studies-specifically, computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-may reveal calcifications in the regions of the CN VI nuclei and demonstrate cerebral malformations. (medscape.com)
  • The 6th nerve has a significantly close relationship with the 7th nerve at the petrous temporal bone and greater superficial petrosal nerves. (myneurosurg.com)
  • The greater superficial petrosal nerve (GSPN) is present. (medscape.com)
  • Emerging from the anterolateral sulci are the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) rootlets. (wikidoc.org)
  • The abduces nerve then proceeds through the superior orbital fissure and innervates the lateral rectus muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Sometimes there is a middle superior alveolar nerve that innervates the premolars and first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Directly rostral to the superior cerebellar peduncle, there is the superior medullary velum and then the two trochlear nerves. (wikidoc.org)
  • and (2) a superior part, subjacent to the superior colliculi which is traversed by the emerging bundles of the oculomotor nerve. (co.ma)
  • The superior part contains a large and striking nuclear mass, termed the nucleus ruber or the red tegmental nucleus (Fig. 521). (co.ma)
  • in the superior part, the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve is situated. (co.ma)
  • Abducens nerve leaves the cranial cavity and enters into the cavity of bony orbit via the superior orbital fissure. (brainmadesimple.com)
  • The dentate nucleus wraps around the superior pole of the tonsil. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is known to relate to the absence of the abducens nucleus, with abnormal innervation of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle by branchesof the oculomotor nerve (CN III). (qxmd.com)
  • Cranial nerve V is not affected (provides innervation to the face). (emboardbombs.com)
  • The posterior auricular nerve appears near the chorda tympani. (medscape.com)
  • Can be differentiated from the Occulomotor nerve lesion by the absence of ptosis and mydriasis seen with occulomotor nerve lesion. (epomedicine.com)
  • Maldevelopment or absence of the sixth nerve has been shown to be the causative factor. (oftalmoloji.org)