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NucleotidesMolecular Sequence DataPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdenine NucleotidesGuanine NucleotidesAmino Acid SequencePurine NucleotidesBase SequenceCloning, MolecularNucleotides, CyclicGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidPyrimidine NucleotidesSequence Analysis, DNADNANucleic Acid ConformationEscherichia coliAdenosine TriphosphateMutationPhylogenyGenesGenes, BacterialTranscription, GeneticKineticsBinding SitesAdenosine DiphosphateDNA Restriction EnzymesGenetic VariationCodonPlasmidsRestriction MappingGenotypeSequence AlignmentSequence Homology, Amino AcidRNA, MessengerGuanosine TriphosphateRNA, ViralPolymerase Chain ReactionOpen Reading FramesDNA, BacterialGuanosine DiphosphateDNA PrimersThymine NucleotidesCytosine NucleotidesNucleic Acid HybridizationSpecies SpecificityDNA, ViralGenome, ViralGenes, ViralRNAProtein BindingPromoter Regions, GeneticBacterial ProteinsAllelesHaplotypesDeoxyadenine NucleotidesCell LineUridine TriphosphateChromosome MappingDNA RepairModels, MolecularEvolution, MolecularBase CompositionIntronsDeoxyguanine NucleotidesExonsSubstrate SpecificityRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidAdenosine MonophosphateDNA, ComplementaryProtein BiosynthesisDeoxycytosine NucleotidesInosine NucleotidesOligonucleotidesRNA, RibosomalRibonucleotidesGenetic Predisposition to Disease2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide PhosphodiesterasesHydrolysisGene FrequencyRho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsModels, GeneticPolymorphism, GeneticViral ProteinsDNA-Binding ProteinsDNA Mutational AnalysisOligoribonucleotidesPoint MutationProtein ConformationMolecular WeightSaccharomyces cerevisiaeNucleotide Transport ProteinsCattleOligodeoxyribonucleotidesRecombinant ProteinsLinkage DisequilibriumPhosphoric Diester HydrolasesAdenine Nucleotide Translocator 1Nucleotide MappingAdenosine Triphosphatases
SNPsGenome-wide single nucleotide pNucleosideCyclic nucleotide phosphodiesteraseSequenceSynthesisResiduesFluorescent nucleotidesGuanineNucleic acidSubstitutionSequencesBacteriaSingleThymineMonophosphateSignalingSelectivityPolymeraseSubunitAssaysPLoS ComputaGeneProteinPurineIncorporationEnzymaticMediateIsolatesBiochemistryDemonstrateMoleculesVariationResponsesCellsStructuralSubsequentRoleTypeDomainActivityProtecting groups
SNPs8
  • What are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms, frequently called SNPs (pronounced "snips"), are the most common type of genetic variation among people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They occur almost once in every 1,000 nucleotides on average, which means there are roughly 4 to 5 million SNPs in a person's genome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a living information and communications system, the genome encodes patterns in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reflecting human adaptation that optimizes population survival in differing environments. (scirp.org)
  • While CNVs usually cover large DNA sequence variations, single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs are random, single base substitutions found throughout the genome. (jove.com)
  • These features of the RC-PCR make the technology a unique application to target single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in fragmented and low copy number DNA and yield results from samples in which no or limited data are obtained with standard DNA typing methods. (ojp.gov)
  • While certain genetic variants of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes influence susceptibility to SO, 4 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes influence severity of disease. (bmj.com)
  • The study aimed to investigate the association between selected single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) with dyslipidemia and increased susceptibility risks of CVD, NAFLD , and/or T2DM in dyslipidemia patients in comparison with healthy control individuals from the Qatar genome project. (bvsalud.org)
Genome-wide single nucleotide p1
  • We used a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to study patients with chromosome aneuploidy mosaicism, UPD and one individual with XX/XY chimerism to gain insight into the developmental mechanism and timing of these events. (nih.gov)
Nucleoside2
  • A nucleotide is composed of three distinctive chemical sub-units: a five-carbon sugar molecule, a nucleobase (the two of which together are called a nucleoside), and one phosphate group. (wikipedia.org)
  • With all three joined, a nucleotide is also termed a "nucleoside monophosphate", "nucleoside diphosphate" or "nucleoside triphosphate", depending on how many phosphates make up the phosphate group. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase1
  • More recently, a central role for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) has also been elaborated in many cell types, including those involved in regulating the activities of the cardiovascular system. (aspetjournals.org)
Sequence2
  • We demonstrate that TdT-dNTP conjugates can quantitatively extend a primer by a single nucleotide in 10-20 s, and that the scheme can be iterated to write a defined sequence. (nature.com)
  • The amino acid sequence of human rhodopsin, deduced from the nucleotide sequence of its gene, is 348 residues long and is 93.4% homologous to that of bovine rhodopsin. (nih.gov)
Synthesis3
  • Figure 2: TdT-dNTP conjugates can extend a DNA molecule by a single nucleotide in 10-20 s, enabling stepwise DNA synthesis. (nature.com)
  • What is the function of the NDPK enzyme in nucleotide synthesis? (lecturio.de)
  • Considerable effort over the last 20 years has allowed identification of the cellular components involved in the synthesis of cyclic nucleotides, as well as effectors of cyclic nucleotide-mediated signaling. (aspetjournals.org)
Residues2
  • The nucleotide binding mode was corroborated by the replacement of critical residues. (rcsb.org)
  • The data suggested that active site residues play important roles in maintaining a fast conformational change and an accurate alignment of the active site during correct nucleotide incorporation. (utexas.edu)
Fluorescent nucleotides2
Guanine1
  • Using docking of suspected ligands, we were able to show Guanine and Adenine diand tri-nucleotides readily bind to the identified site. (scirp.org)
Nucleic acid3
  • Individual phosphate molecules repetitively connect the sugar-ring molecules in two adjacent nucleotide monomers, thereby connecting the nucleotide monomers of a nucleic acid end-to-end into a long chain. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to being building blocks for the construction of nucleic acid polymers, singular nucleotides play roles in cellular energy storage and provision, cellular signaling, as a source of phosphate groups used to modulate the activity of proteins and other signaling molecules, and as enzymatic cofactors, often carrying out redox reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of non-nucleic acid nucleotides cAMP, a cyclic nucleotide signaling molecule with a single phosphate linked to both 5- and 3-positions. (wikipedia.org)
Substitution1
  • Moreover, the natural 3' splice site could be reactivated by a G to C substitution of the last intron nucleotide. (unboundmedicine.com)
Sequences2
  • The Nucleotide database is a collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA and PDB. (nih.gov)
  • The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in protein sequences. (nih.gov)
Bacteria1
  • The TWiM holobionts pay tribute to Stuart Levy, and reveal the remarkably diverse array of cyclic nucleotides synthesized by bacteria that likely mediate interactions with animal and plant hosts. (asmblog.org)
Single14
  • Some signaling nucleotides differ from the standard single-phosphate group configuration, in having multiple phosphate groups attached to different positions on the sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block , called a nucleotide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A single nucleotide polymorphism (abbreviated SNP, pronounced snip) is a genomic variant at a single base position in the DNA. (genome.gov)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphism, or SNP. (genome.gov)
  • With the development of high throughput technologies such as tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and next generation sequencing, more and more nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) that cause variation of amino acids have been identified, some of which result in the damage of PTMs. (hindawi.com)
  • Either at genomic or at proteomic level, mutations have significant impact on normal gene or protein function, and human diseases could be associated with mutations like nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variations (nsSNVs) on amino acids. (hindawi.com)
  • A) Maximum parsimony tree of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis based on 37 silent single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 225 isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, using the dRNA-seq technique in combination with ANNOgesic analysis, we successfully mapped and annotated transcription start sites (TSS) of both E. faecalis V583 and E. faecium AUS0004 at single nucleotide resolution. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genomic variations in a population can arise due to single nucleotide changes in the DNA or structural changes to chromosomes. (jove.com)
  • These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation. (jove.com)
  • The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1% of the population. (jove.com)
  • S100B single nucleotide polymorphisms exhibit sex-specific associations with chronic pain in sickle cell disease in a largely African-American cohort. (iasp-pain.org)
  • In this study, we examined the influence of S100B gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on acute and chronic pain variability in SCD. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with dyslipidemia and risk of metabolic disorders in the State of Qatar. (bvsalud.org)
Thymine1
  • For example, a SNP may replace the nucleotide cytosine (C) with the nucleotide thymine (T) in a certain stretch of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Monophosphate1
Signaling2
  • Signaling cyclic nucleotides are formed by binding the phosphate group twice to the same sugar molecule, bridging the 5'- and 3'- hydroxyl groups of the sugar. (wikipedia.org)
  • pppGpp, a nucleotide signaling molecule with both 5'- and 3'-phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
Selectivity2
  • We present a schematic model of the nucleotide binding mode that allows for both high selectivity and a low nucleotide binding constant, necessary for the fast and effective turnover rate realized in the reaction cycle of the Kdp-ATPase. (rcsb.org)
  • An important study of T7 DNA polymerase performed by Tsai and Johnson using a conformationally sensitive fluorophore (CSF) characterized a conformational change directly and presented a new paradigm for nucleotide selectivity. (utexas.edu)
Polymerase3
  • Another enzyme, DNA polymerase fills the gap with new nucleotides. (jove.com)
  • DNA polymerase fills the gap with new nucleotides, and then the DNA ligase enzyme seals the edges between the new and old DNA. (jove.com)
  • Yellow crystals of CSF-labeled T7 DNA polymerase with DNA and correct nucleotide (closed complex), incorrect nucleotide (misaligned complex) or no nucleotide (open complex) were grown to good size and diffracted to 3 Å during X-ray data collection. (utexas.edu)
Subunit1
  • Nucleotides are composed of three subunit molecules: a nucleobase, a five-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group consisting of one to three phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
Assays1
  • Merging computational and simple cell assays, this work establishes a role of nucleotides in T cells found to contain this TCR subtype. (scirp.org)
PLoS Computa1
  • Cybulski TR, Boyden ES, Church GM, Tyo KEJ, Kording KP (2017) Nucleotide-time alignment for molecular recorders, PLoS Computational Biology 13(5):e1005483. (mit.edu)
Gene1
  • Several PRRs have been identified, among them are the TLRs (Toll-like receptors), NLRs (nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors), and RLR (retinoic-acid-inducible gene-1-like receptors) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Protein2
  • Similarly, mutation K395A resulted in loss of ATPase activity and nucleotide binding affinity, even though the protein was properly folded. (rcsb.org)
  • Nucleotide excision repair relies on specific protein complexes to recognize damaged regions of DNA and flag them for removal and repair. (jove.com)
Purine1
Incorporation1
  • Quantification of the kinetics of incorporation of correct and incorrect base pairs showed the decrease of fidelity mainly was from the decreased forward rate during correct nucleotide incorporation. (utexas.edu)
Enzymatic1
Mediate1
  • Nuclear-localized cyclic nucleotide-gated channels mediate symbiotic calcium oscillations. (jic.ac.uk)
Isolates2
  • Combined with simple proliferative responses, the identified nucleotides are also shown to have functional consequences by inducing T cell proliferation for CD4/V β 20-1 + T cells, while failing to induce proliferation in other T cell isolates. (scirp.org)
  • All isolates differed from the Sabin type 2 reference strain by 6-13 nucleotide changes, and all were detected in the National Capital Region and Region 4, which had conducted supplementary immunization activities. (who.int)
Biochemistry1
  • In experimental biochemistry, nucleotides can be radiolabeled using radionuclides to yield radionucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
Demonstrate2
  • These cyclic nucleotide-gated channels are located at the nuclear envelope and are permeable to Ca(2+) We demonstrate that the cyclic nucleotide-gated channels form a complex with the postassium-permeable channel, which modulates nuclear Ca(2+) release. (jic.ac.uk)
  • These results demonstrate that the interaction between the first and last intron nucleotides is a conserved feature of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing in yeast and is involved in the mechanism of 3' splice site selection. (unboundmedicine.com)
Molecules3
  • Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • In any one strand, the chemical orientation (directionality) of the chain-joins runs from the 5'-end to the 3'-end (read: 5 prime-end to 3 prime-end)-referring to the five carbon sites on sugar molecules in adjacent nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins (NODs) are modular cytoplasmic proteins implicated in the recognition of peptidoglycan-derived molecules. (hindawi.com)
Variation1
  • Generally, only a nucleotide variation that is found in more than 1% of the population is referred to as SNP. (jove.com)
Responses1
  • We show that three cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in Medicago truncatula are required for nuclear Ca(2+) oscillations and subsequent symbiotic responses. (jic.ac.uk)
Cells2
  • Explore the details about cells and DNA with this nucleotide icon. (dryicons.com)
  • Because cell behavior is a dynamic process influenced by numerous factors, we will attempt to emphasize how changes in the activity, expression, and targeting of PDE influence cyclic nucleotide-mediated regulation of the behavior of these cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Structural1
  • Free Solution] Draw a structural formula for each nucleotide. (coursehero.com)
Subsequent1
  • Cleaving the linkage between TdT and the incorporated nucleotide releases the primer and allows subsequent extension. (nature.com)
Role1
  • Nucleotides also play a central role in metabolism at a fundamental, cellular level. (wikipedia.org)
Type1
  • This type of damage can be fixed by a process called nucleotide excision repair. (jove.com)
Domain2
  • Here, we present the NMR structure of the AMP-PNP-bound nucleotide binding domain KdpBN of the Escherichia coli Kdp-ATPase at high resolution. (rcsb.org)
  • Correct nucleotide binding caused an increase in fluorescence, suggesting that the conformational change of the fingers domain delivers incoming nucleotide to a misaligned status even for a correct nucleotide with each of the mutants. (utexas.edu)
Activity1
  • The conservative mutation F377Y produced a high residual nucleotide binding capacity, whereas replacement by alanine resulted in low nucleotide binding capacities and a considerable loss of ATPase activity. (rcsb.org)
Protecting groups1