AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Nucleotidases5'-NucleotidaseApyraseCytidine MonophosphateHaloferax volcaniiPyrimidine NucleotidesSteatitisAnemia, HemolyticUridine MonophosphateAdenosine MonophosphatePhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesAdenosine TriphosphatasesPyrophosphatasesAdenosineKineticsAdenosine DiphosphateArchaeal ProteinsAdenosine TriphosphateSubstrate SpecificityErythrocytesNucleotidesProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexMolecular Sequence DataMicroscopy, ElectronHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCell MembraneAmino Acid SequenceMolecular WeightElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelLiverMutation
Ecto-nucleotidasesCD73PhosphateReactionNucleosideRecombinantNucleotideAdenosine deaminaseProteinsDegradationPurine and pyrimidineSpilled into the bloodstreamSerumProteinPhosphatesInhibitionCatalyzeMetabolismDeficiencySubstrateBpnt1Liver enzymesIntracellularUreaCoenzymesCatalyzesActivityInhibitorsElectrolytesAssayEnzymaticLocated in the liverDisordersGeneMembraneTissuesMeasurementsBiochemistryTypeFamilyGeneticFunctionBrainReactionsStructureRoleExpressionCellCellsTemperature
Ecto-nucleotidases4
  • ATP is sequentially degraded by the ecto-nucleotidases and 5'-nucleotidase enzymes to the weak adenosine agonist inosine as an end-product. (preprints.org)
  • Conversation The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (EC 3.6.1.5) symbolize a significant and ubiquitous category of ecto-nucleotidases. (bioinf.org)
  • In earlier studies, a number of compounds continues to be tested concerning their strength for inhibiting ecto-nucleotidases, frequently in intact cells or on cells with undefined enzyme varieties. (bioinf.org)
  • Adenosine-based nucleotides, including adenosine tri-, di-, and mono-phosphate, are controlled through their rapid degradation by diphosphohydrolases and ecto-nucleotidases (NDAs). (humanbioscience.org)
CD735
  • Wolff G, Truse R, Decking U. Extracellular Adenosine Formation by Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73) Is No Essential Trigger for Early Phase Ischemic Preconditioning. (medscape.com)
  • Alternative splicing of human NT5E in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma produces a negative regulator of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). (medscape.com)
  • We previously shown that the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) regularly increases the expression and activity of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) enzymes and adenosine deaminase (ADA). (fgf-4.com)
  • To quantify these factors, we utilized reaction-diffusion numerical simulations of 1) adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and 2) AMP into adenosine (Ado) via two representative nucleotidases, CD39 and CD73. (humanbioscience.org)
  • Altogether, our studies suggest that CD39 and CD73 nucleotidase activity within junctional spaces can exploit their confinement and favorable electrostatic interactions to finely control nucleotide signaling. (humanbioscience.org)
Phosphate4
  • The enzyme 3′-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.6) the reaction a 3′-ribonucleotide + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } a ribonucleoside + phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is then followed by dephosphorylation (removal of a phosphate group) by a nucleotidase to form inosine. (tigerfitness.com)
  • Removing a phosphate group via nucleotidase to form adenosine followed by deamination (removal of a -NH2 amino group) to form inosine. (tigerfitness.com)
  • To find proteins with nucleotidase activity in Escherichia coli, purified unknown proteins were screened for the presence of phosphatase activity using the general phosphatase substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate. (rhea-db.org)
Reaction4
  • Run your enzyme reaction, add Transcreener reagents, and read your plates. (bellbrooklabs.com)
  • The concentration of AMP/GMP HiLyte647 Tracer needed for an enzyme target depends upon the initial ATP/cAMP/cGMP concentration and buffer conditions in the enzyme reaction. (bellbrooklabs.com)
  • In the mitochondria of the cell, sterol 26-hydroxylase converts 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestane to 3a,7a,26-trihydroxy-5b-cholestane, which is then converted to 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5b-cholestan-26-al by the same enzyme used in the previous reaction. (smpdb.ca)
  • While the contributions of electrostatic and steric interactions within such nanodomains are known to shape diffusion-limited reaction rates, less is understood about how these factors control the kinetics of nucleotidase activity. (humanbioscience.org)
Nucleoside7
  • The 5'-nucleotidase (NT5) family of enzyme dephosphorylates non-cyclic nucleoside monophosphates to produce nucleosides and inorganic phosphates. (diva-portal.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the 5'-nucleotidase family of enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. (nih.gov)
  • Localization of nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) activity in rat choroid plexus epithelial cells was studied electron microscopically. (go.jp)
  • Nucleotidases Nucleoside phosphorylases Deaminases Xanthine oxidases 3. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
  • 2. Almost all tissues contain enzymes capable of breaking nucleoprotein down to nucleoside which can be oxidized to uric acid. (hotelsunshine.co.in)
  • Nucleotides 1" By Boris (PNG), SVG by Sjef - en:Image:Nucleotides.png (Public Domain) via Commons Wikimedia, Lakna, a graduate in Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, is a Molecular Biologist and has a broad and keen interest in the discovery of nature related things, Difference Between Nucleotide and Nucleoside, 3. (paragonlockandsafe.com)
  • The three enzymes also exhibited different sensitivities to inhibition by various nucleoside di- and triphosphates: YfbR was equally sensitive to both di- and triphosphates, SurE was inhibited only by triphosphates, and YjjG was insensitive to these effectors. (rhea-db.org)
Recombinant1
  • Only few research have utilized recombinant enzymes to obviously determine the isoform looked into [33, 34]. (bioinf.org)
Nucleotide2
  • Disorders that involve abnormalities of nucleotide metabolism range from relatively common diseases such as hyperuricemia and gout, in which there is increased production or impaired excretion of a metabolic end product of purine metabolism (uric acid), to rare enzyme deficiencies that affect purine and pyrimidine synthesis or degradation. (tempsite.ws)
  • Genetic defects involving enzymes essential for pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism have provided new insights into the vital physiological functions of these molecules in addition to nucleic acid synthesis. (tempsite.ws)
Adenosine deaminase1
Proteins5
  • The aminotransferase enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in which an amino group from one amino acid (amino acids are building blocks of proteins) is transferred from a donor molecule to a recipient molecule, hence, the name 'aminotransferases. (medicinenet.com)
  • An initial step in detecting liver damage is a simple blood test to determine the level of certain liver enzymes (proteins) in the blood. (medicinenet.com)
  • Enzymes are proteins that are present throughout the body, each with a unique function. (medicinenet.com)
  • All of these alterations have deep effects on muscle proteins and also on proteolytic enzyme systems (Huff Lonergan et al. (earthwormexpress.com)
  • These screens identified the presence of nucleotidase activity in three uncharacterized E. coli proteins, SurE, YfbR, and YjjG, that belong to different enzyme superfamilies: SurE-like family, HD domain family (YfbR), and haloacid dehalogenase (HAD)-like superfamily (YjjG). (rhea-db.org)
Degradation3
  • The purine salvage enzyme inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP)-specific 5'-nucleotidase catalyzes degradation of IMP to inosine. (rhea-db.org)
  • This enzyme plays a crucial role in the mechanism of purine degradation and recycling. (mellaly.com)
  • These two enzymes are in the pathways for degradation of nucleic acids. (euroasfalti.net)
Purine and pyrimidine1
  • This enzyme participates in purine and pyrimidine metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Spilled into the bloodstream1
  • But when the liver is injured for any reason, these enzymes are spilled into the bloodstream. (medicinenet.com)
Serum6
  • The enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is also known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). (medicinenet.com)
  • A 5'-nucleotidase test system is a device intended to measure the activity of the enzyme 5'-nucleotidase in serum and plasma. (medicregister.com)
  • Measurements of 5'-nucleotidase are used in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases and in the differentiations between liver and bone diseases in the presence of elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity. (medicregister.com)
  • As this elevation can persist for up to 12 hours in the serum, the recommendation is to check the serum enzyme levels in a fasting state. (statpearls.com)
  • Pagani F, Panteghini M. Biological variation in serum activities of three hepatic enzymes. (medscape.com)
  • Serum levels of 5′-nucleotidase in disease. (medscape.com)
Protein4
  • We hypothesized that gene silencing of NT5 enzymes to increase the intracellular availability of AMP would increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and metabolism. (diva-portal.org)
  • The encoded protein is the type 1 isozyme of pyrimidine 5' nucleotidase and catalyzes the dephosphorylation of pyrimidine 5' monophosphates. (nih.gov)
  • The structure of the ribosome also suggests an evolutionary path along which RNA enzymes may have been replaced by protein enzymes in evolution. (heresy.is)
  • However, if the above scenario for the evolutionary replacement of RNA enzymes by protein enzymes is correct, why did a similar replacement not occur with cosubstrates? (heresy.is)
Phosphates1
Inhibition1
  • In addition, renaturation resulted in desensitization of the enzyme to inhibition by low concentrations of AMP. (iisc.ac.in)
Catalyze2
  • Enzymes help to speed up (catalyze) routine and vital chemical reactions in the body. (medicinenet.com)
  • Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g. (bvsalud.org)
Metabolism4
  • The astrocytes regulate an extracellular concentration of purines via the release of ATP and its metabolism via ecto-enzymes. (fgf-4.com)
  • HIV-1 Envelope Mimicry of Host Enzyme Kynureninase Does Not Disrupt Tryptophan Metabolism. (childrensmercy.org)
  • Disorders of Pyrimidine Metabolism Disorder Defective Enzyme Comments. (tempsite.ws)
  • Disorders in the metabolism of pyrimidine are mostly caused by enzyme defects (highlighted in pink, one disease is depicted in orange, since there appears to be no clinical difference between type 2 and 1 of orotic aciduria, therefore researchers believe that type 2 does not exist officially). (tempsite.ws)
Deficiency9
  • A) in NT5C3A associated with hereditary pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency: two cases report and literature review]. (nih.gov)
  • A New Homozygous Mutation (c.393-394del TA/c.393-394del TA) in the NT5C3 Gene Associated With Pyrimidine-5'-Nucleotidase Deficiency: A Case Report. (nih.gov)
  • To diagnose 5-nucleotidase deficiency syndrome, doctors may perform blood and urine tests to measure the levels of purines and their byproducts. (mellaly.com)
  • There is no cure for 5-nucleotidase deficiency syndrome, but there are treatments that can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. (mellaly.com)
  • Scientists have tested gene therapy in animal models of 5-nucleotidase deficiency syndrome and are now exploring the safety and efficacy of the technique in clinical trials. (mellaly.com)
  • Precision medicine, which uses genetic and molecular data to personalize healthcare, may also play a role in the future treatment of 5-nucleotidase deficiency syndrome. (mellaly.com)
  • Living with 5-nucleotidase deficiency syndrome can be challenging, especially for those with severe symptoms. (mellaly.com)
  • Patient support groups and resources can also provide valuable information and emotional support for those affected by 5-nucleotidase deficiency syndrome. (mellaly.com)
  • Patients with 5-nucleotidase deficiency syndrome can benefit from healthy lifestyle habits and patient support groups to manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being. (mellaly.com)
Substrate2
  • The four enzymes differ in substrate specificity and in the design of item formation. (bioinf.org)
  • The velocity/substrate-concentration plot of the enzyme was slightly sigmoidal (h = 1.7) and the s0.5 was 0.4 mM. (rhea-db.org)
Bpnt11
  • Bisphosphate 3'-nucleotidase (Bpnt1) is a member of a family of small molecule phosphatases whose activities depend on divalent cations and are inhibited by lithium. (duke.edu)
Liver enzymes3
  • Among the most sensitive and widely used liver enzymes are aminotransferases. (medicinenet.com)
  • The focus of this article is mainly on the most common liver enzymes, AST and ALT. (medicinenet.com)
  • Many tests of liver biochemistry measure liver enzymes that are released into the bloodstream (eg, release of aminotransferases from injured liver cells or of alkaline phosphatase due to cholestasis) or assess liver function by evaluating hepatobiliary excretion (eg, bilirubin). (msdmanuals.com)
Intracellular1
  • The intracellular pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase NT5C3A is a negative epigenetic factor in interferon and cytokine signaling. (nih.gov)
Urea1
  • The enzyme was denatured on treatment with urea or guanidine hydrochloride. (iisc.ac.in)
Coenzymes1
  • Like ribosomes, other RNA enzymes may at first have coopted peptides as structural components, and possibly as coenzymes. (heresy.is)
Catalyzes1
  • The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl group from gamma-glutamyl peptides, such as glutathione to an acceptor such as peptides and L-amino acids. (medscape.com)
Activity4
  • Reduction of 5'-nucleotidase expression or activity may promote metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes. (diva-portal.org)
  • dCK activity of the cells was determined by an enzyme activity assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression and activity of purine metabolic enzymes in astrocytes are increased under pathological conditions. (fgf-4.com)
  • The highest concentration is in the kidney, but the liver is considered the source of normal enzyme activity. (medscape.com)
Inhibitors1
  • The appropriate selective agonists/antagonists for purinergic receptors as well as the respective enzyme inhibitors may profoundly interfere with microglial functions and reconstitute the homeostasis of the CNS disturbed by neuroinflammation. (preprints.org)
Electrolytes2
  • This generic type of device includes controls (assayed and unassayed) for blood gases, electrolytes, enzymes, multianalytes (all kinds), single (specified) analytes, or urinalysis controls. (medicregister.com)
  • This unique blend of 78 ionic minerals, 34 enzymes, 17 amino acids, electrolytes and dissolved oxygen are compacted in liquid form. (econique.com.au)
Assay2
  • It is useful for the enzymatic assay of creatine and creatinine when coupled with other related enzymes. (medicregister.com)
  • This assay is designed to be used with purified enzyme preparations. (bellbrooklabs.com)
Enzymatic1
Located in the liver1
  • In addition to AST and ALT, alkaline phosphatase , 5' nucleotidase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) are a few of the other enzymes located in the liver. (medicinenet.com)
Disorders1
  • Hereditary hemolytic anemias are a group of disorders with a variety of causes, including red cell membrane defects, red blood cell enzyme disorders, congenital dyserythropoietic anemias, thalassemia syndromes and hemoglobinopathies. (haematologica.org)
Gene4
  • The yeast ISN1 (YOR155c) gene encodes a new type of IMP-specific 5'-nucleotidase. (rhea-db.org)
  • It is caused by a mutation in the NT5C2 gene, which leads to the loss of the enzyme known as 5-nucleotidase. (mellaly.com)
  • When there is a mutation in the NT5C2 gene, the enzyme is lost, and the body cannot dispose of excess purines efficiently. (mellaly.com)
  • The mutation in the NT5C2 gene causes the loss of a specific enzyme called 5-nucleotidase. (mellaly.com)
Membrane2
  • 5′-Nucleotidase (5NT) is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein that is present as an enzyme in a wide variety of mammalian cells. (medscape.com)
  • These components of the pathway occur in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, although 2 enzymes, 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase and sterol 26 hydroxylase, are found in the mitochondria. (smpdb.ca)
Tissues1
  • Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found in cell membranes of many tissues mainly in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. (medscape.com)
Measurements1
  • Other blood tests pertaining to the liver are measurements of some of the other enzymes found in the liver. (medicinenet.com)
Biochemistry2
  • Human biochemistry that involves enzymes usually performs optimally around a biologically neutral pH of 7.4. (hmdb.ca)
  • The clinical biochemistry of 5′-nucleotidase. (medscape.com)
Type4
  • 7a-hydroxycholesterol then becomes 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one, which is made possible by the enzyme 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7. (smpdb.ca)
  • With the help of water, peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 turns 3a,7a-dihydoxy-5b-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA into 3a,7a,24-trihydoxy-5b-cholestanoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
  • This compound then uses peroxisomal multifunctional enzyme type 2 to create chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
  • Structure of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase type 1. (cornell.edu)
Family1
  • To day four different cell surface-located isoforms from the enzyme family members have already been cloned and functionally characterized (NTPDase1, 2 and 3, and incredibly lately NTPDase8) [30C32]. (bioinf.org)
Genetic2
  • 5-Nucleotidase Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects a small number of people worldwide. (mellaly.com)
  • 5-Nucleotidase Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that affects the way our body processes and eliminates waste. (mellaly.com)
Function2
  • Water is also central to acid-base neutrality and enzyme function. (hmdb.ca)
  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease of exocrine gland function that involves multiple organ systems but chiefly results in chronic respiratory infections, pancreatic enzyme insufficiency, and associated complications in untreated patients. (medscape.com)
Brain1
  • 2007. Structure of aspartoacylase, the brain enzyme impaired in Canavan disease. . (cornell.edu)
Reactions1
  • We evaluate these sequentially-coupled reactions in nanodomain geometries representative of extracellular synapses, within which we localize the nucleotidases. (humanbioscience.org)
Structure2
  • If we make some random change to the structure of the enzyme, there is a reasonable chance that the interactions with all of these ligands will remain intact. (heresy.is)
  • Chances are that a change to its molecular structure would disrupt its interaction with some enzyme molecule or other that is essential to the survival of the cell. (heresy.is)
Role2
  • The role of these enzymes in the choroid plexus was briefly discussed. (go.jp)
  • The role of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. (medscape.com)
Expression1
  • Endogenous expression of NT5C enzymes inhibited basal lipid oxidation and glucose transport in skeletal muscle. (diva-portal.org)
Cell1
  • This pathway occurs in the liver, beginning with cholesterol being converted to 7a-hydroxycholesterol through the enzyme cholesterol-7-alpha-monooxygenase, after being transported into the liver cell. (smpdb.ca)
Cells4
  • are enzymes produced by the liver and other types of cells. (medicinenet.com)
  • Under normal circumstances, these enzymes mostly reside within the cells of the liver. (medicinenet.com)
  • These enzymes are normally predominantly contained within liver cells and to a lesser degree in muscle cells. (medicinenet.com)
  • If the liver is injured or damaged, the liver cells spill these enzymes into the blood, raising the AST and ALT enzyme blood levels and signaling liver disease . (medicinenet.com)
Temperature1
  • The renatured and the native enzyme had the same pH (9.4) and temperature (49 °C) optimum. (iisc.ac.in)