Nucleosome histones. Medical search. Frequent questions

Nucleosome assembly proteins (NAPs) are histone chaperones that are crucial for the shuttling and incorporation of histones into nucleosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
This work presents a thorough analysis of the structural, functional and regulatory attributes of PfNapS from P. falciparum with respect to previously studied histone chaperones. (biomedcentral.com)
Histone chaperones are proteins that regulate the interaction of histones with other proteins and DNA and also prevent the highly basic histones from forming inappropriate aggregates [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to playing an important role in histone exchange during nuclear processes, histone chaperones function in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of histones, in histone storage, in nucleosome assembly and they act as a link between chromatin remodeling factors and histones [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo study of the nucleosome assembly functions of ASF1 histone chaperones in human cells. (omicsdi.org)
Histone chaperones have been implicated in nucleosome assembly and disassembly as well as histone modification. (omicsdi.org)
ASF1 is a highly conserved histone H3/H4 chaperone that synergizes in vitro with two other histone chaperones, chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) and histone repression A factor (HIRA), in DNA synthesis-coupled and DNA synthesis-independent nucleosome assembly. (omicsdi.org)
Human HIRA, ASF1a, ASF1b and CAF-1 are evolutionally conserved histone chaperones that form multiple functionally distinct chromatin-assembly complexes, with roles linked to diverse nuclear process, such as DNA replication and formation of heterochromatin in senescent cells. (omicsdi.org)
Consistent with this, biochemical analysis of wild-type and phospho-mimetic Asf1a shows that phosphorylation enhances binding to histones and the downstream chaperones CAF-1 and HIRA. (omicsdi.org)
ASF1 also provides H3.3-H4 dimers to HIRA and DAXX chaperones for RI nucleosome assembly. (ens-lyon.fr)
Histone chaperones assemble and disassemble nucleosomes in an ATP-independent manner and thus regulate the most fundamental step in the alteration of chromatin structure. (rcsb.org)
These findings provide insights into the possible mechanisms by which histone chaperones assemble and disassemble nucleosome structures. (rcsb.org)
This basic unit is modulated by a myriad of chaperones and remodellers that modify, reposition, and restructure nucleosomes to accomplish various essential chromosomal functions. (mpg.de)
Prior to their deposition on chromatin, histones are shielded by specialized and diverse proteins known as histone chaperones. (bvsalud.org)
However, histone chaperones differ significantly between animal and plant kingdoms, and this thus probed us to further study the conservation of histone chaperones in Physarum and their evolution relative to animal and plants. (bvsalud.org)
Most of the known histone chaperones and their functional domains are conserved as well as key residues required for histone and chaperone interactions. (bvsalud.org)
In summary, our study demonstrates the conserved role of histone chaperones in handling histones in an early-branching eukaryote. (bvsalud.org)

Acetylation of histones controls access of regulatory proteins to the DNA. (moodcoaching.nl)
While there exist several distinct post-translational modifications for histones, the four most common histone modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. (wikipedia.org)
Histone acetylation, or the addition of an acetyl group to histones, is facilitated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) which target lysine (K) residues on the N-terminal histone tail. (wikipedia.org)
The positive charge on a histone is always neutralized upon acetylation, creating euchromatin which increases transcription and expression of the target gene. (wikipedia.org)
Much like histone acetylation, histone phosphorylation neutralizes the positive charge on histones which induces euchromatin and increases gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Now, scientists from the laboratory of Asifa Akhtar discovered that one particular histone modification, the acetylation of histone H4 on the 16th lysine (H4K16ac in short) is intergenerationally maintained from the mother's oocyte to the young embryo. (mpg.de)

Fluorescence spectroscopy data suggest that PfNapS interacts with core histones (tetramer, octamer, H3, H4, H2A and H2B) at a different site from its interaction with linker histone H1. (biomedcentral.com)
We report the 9.7 Å resolution crystal structure of a 6-nucleosome array bound to linker histone H1 determined under ionic conditions that favor incomplete chromatin condensation. (nih.gov)
Here, we determined several cryo-EM structures of Rpd3S in complex with nucleosome core particles (NCPs), including the H3/H4 deacetylation states, the alternative deacetylation state, the linker tightening state, and a state in which Rpd3S co-exists with the Hho1 linker histone on NCP. (yeastgenome.org)
The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. (nih.gov)
They are small, basic proteins called H3, H4, H2A, and H2B for the core histones and H1 for the linker histone. (hstalks.com)

H2A is the core histone with the largest number of variants. (moodcoaching.nl)
The histone H2A variants include H2AZ and H2AX, which … The histone octamer is composed of a central heterotetramer of histones H3 and H4, flanked by two heterodimers of histones H2A and H2B. (moodcoaching.nl)
This chapter describes how histone variants alter DNA metabolic processes including transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair. (epigenie.com)
Histone variants H3.1, H3.2, H3.3, CenH3s, H2A.Z, gammaH2A.X, MacroH2A, H2A.Bbd, H1 variants and testis specific variants are covered in this section as well as the functions associated with these variants, plus nucleosome occupancy levels found throughout the eukaryotic genome. (epigenie.com)
H3-K56Ac), and histone variants (e.g. (umassmed.edu)
In this talk, I'd like to discuss with you the issue concerning histone dynamics, their heritability, and their existence in the form of variants. (hstalks.com)

The distinct length of these arms allows quantifying the length of DNA in a nucleosome and assessing the number of DNA turns around a histone octamer ( Fig. (PubMed PMID: 29138400) (PMC5686127) 5. (moodcoaching.nl)
Two H2A/H2B heterodimers interact with an H3/H4 tetramer to form the histone octamer (1,2). (neb.com)
Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. (nih.gov)
To read the DNA, you would have to move the whole histone octamer out of the way," Narlikar said. (ucsf.edu)
As a protein biochemist who had studied the amazing plasticity many proteins display, the idea of a completely static histone octamer was a little disconcerting," Sinha said. (ucsf.edu)

An E. coli strain that carries a plasmid encoding the cloned human histone H4 gene, HIST2H4. (neb.com)
The enzyme in question is called BHC110/LSD1, and it was the first human histone demethylase identified. (sciencedaily.com)
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser10 of human histone H3, or with a synthetic peptide surrounding amino-terminal residues adjacent to Asp175 of human caspase-3. (cellsignal.com)

In cell epigenetics, DNA methylation and histone modification becomes altered during aging and in cancer. (epigenie.com)
METTL3 exerts synergistic effects on m6A methylation and histone modification to regulate the function of VGF in lung adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)

Chất nhiễm sắc là một phức hợp của DNA và protein histone. (moodcoaching.nl)
Nó bao gồm một chuỗi các thể nhân được bọc bằng các protein histone. (moodcoaching.nl)
Histone-modifying enzymes are enzymes involved in the modification of histone substrates after protein translation and affect cellular processes including gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Protein kinases (PTKs) catalyze the phosphorylation of histones and protein phosphatases (PPs) catalyze the dephosphorylation of histones. (wikipedia.org)
The protein concentration (1 mg/ml, 89 µM) is calculated using the molar extinction coefficient for Histone H4 (5120) and its absorbance at 280 nm (3,4). (neb.com)
Loss-of-function mutations of ASXL1 , which encodes a protein that recruits the PRC2 complex to the histones, is a driver event in some cases of MDS/MPN. (medscape.com)

We further show that proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the nucleosome compete for binding to Set8 through this basic extension, suggesting a mechanism for how nucleosome binding protects Set8 from proliferating cell nuclear antigen-dependent degradation during the cell cycle. (cornell.edu)

During the reassembly of nucleosomes, histones need to be deposited on genomic DNA in the correct procedure. (nii.ac.jp)
The dynamic events that underlie the disassembly and reassembly of nucleosomes during replication remains a long-standing puzzle in chromosome biology. (mpg.de)

CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that ASF1 is critically required to load H3.3-H4 dimers on the HIRA complex prior to histone deposition on paternal DNA. (ens-lyon.fr)
Here, we focused on the histone deposition factors, CAF-I and HIRA. (nii.ac.jp)
We established a protocol for the large-scale purification of CAF-1 (a replication-dependent histone deposition factor), which enabled us to obtain images from EM analyses. (nii.ac.jp)
Regarding HIRA, which is a replication-independent histone deposition factor, we have obtained crystals of the HIRA-C domain. (nii.ac.jp)
specific histone deposition pathways for each variant? (hstalks.com)
Moreover, this inheritance pathway must be coordinated with the deposition of newly synthesized histones to ensure chromosome duplication. (mpg.de)

During DNA replication, nucleosomes are rapidly assembled on newly synthesized DNA to restore chromatin organization. (omicsdi.org)
Epigenetic modifications such as the addition of chemical groups to histones lead to changes in chromatin organization, which can trigger either gene activation ("expression") or gene silencing. (mpg.de)
The additional aspect that histones can bring in the chromatin organization is a source of information. (hstalks.com)

Here, we identify mutants of histones H3.1 and H3.3 that are unable to interact with human ASF1A and ASF1B isoforms but that are still competent to bind CAF-1 and HIRA, respectively. (omicsdi.org)
Structure of a human ASF1a-HIRA complex and insights into specificity of histone chaperone complex assembly. (omicsdi.org)
ASF1 is required to load histones on the HIRA complex in preparation of paternal chromatin assembly at fertilization. (ens-lyon.fr)

Histone methylation involves adding methyl groups to histones, primarily on lysine (K) or arginine (R) residues. (wikipedia.org)

The function of DNA methylation depends on cell context and is correlated with histone modification patterns. (nih.gov)
Subsequently, eukaryotic organisms have developed intricate mechanisms to overcome this repressive barrier imposed by the chromatin through histone modification, a type of post-translational modification which typically involves covalently attaching certain groups to histone residues. (wikipedia.org)
Histone-modifying enzymes that induce a modification (e.g., add a functional group) are dubbed writers, while enzymes that revert modifications are dubbed erasers. (wikipedia.org)
The red stained H4K16ac histone modification is clearly visible in the individual oocytes. (mpg.de)
They consist of a dimer of dimers with two copies each of the histones H3, H4, H2A and H2B, that tightly bind and wrap DNA, while leaving long exposed tails available for post-translational modification that can carry epigenetic information. (mpg.de)

The repeating unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, formed from two histone H2A-H2B dimers and one histone H3-H4 tetramer around which 147 bp of DNA are wrapped [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Histones undergo posttranslational modifications that alter their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins. (moodcoaching.nl)
The four common histone modifications and their respective writer and eraser enzymes are shown in the table below. (wikipedia.org)
Additional infrequent histone modifications and their effects are listed in the table below. (wikipedia.org)
Histone H4 is also modified by various enzymes and these modifications have been shown to be important in gene regulation. (neb.com)
Epigenetic information can be transmitted by several different molecular mechanisms, which include but are not limited to DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (plos.org)
A closely related debate around chromatin modifications is about causality: several histone PTMs correlate with specific transcriptional states, but in many cases they are not responsible for a transcriptional outcome but rather are a consequence of it [7] . (plos.org)
Histone modifications associated with somatic hypermutation. (nih.gov)
The N-terminal tail of histone H3 protrudes from the globular nucleosome core and can undergo several different types of post-translational modifications that influence cellular processes. (fishersci.com)
This offers a potential explanation for mysterious histone modifications that would be buried uselessly deep inside the nucleosome according to the traditional model, and suggests a new mechanism for the extreme compaction chromosomes undergo during cell division, and offers potential answers to the chicken-and-egg problem of how cells know how to pull specific DNA sequences out of the archives without being first able to "see" them. (ucsf.edu)
Recently new lysine modifications were detected in histones and other proteins. (cipsm.de)

To safely store the eukaryotic genome, DNA is wrapped around four core histone proteins (H3, H4, H2A, H2B), which then join to form nucleosomes. (wikipedia.org)
[ 2 ] Histones are proteins that both provide structural support for DNA (DNA wraps around a core of histones to form nucleosomes) and are involved in the regulation of gene expression. (medscape.com)

Histone phosphorylation occurs when a phosphoryl group is added to a histone. (wikipedia.org)
Histone phosphorylation occurs on serine (S), threonine (T) and tyrosine (Y) amino-acid residues mainly in the N-terminal histone tails. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, the phosphorylation of histones has been found to play a role in DNA repair and chromatin condensation during cell division. (wikipedia.org)
One such example is the phosphorylation of S139 on H2AX histones, which is needed to repair double-stranded breaks in the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, we find that TLK phosphorylation of Asf1a is induced in cells experiencing deficiency of new histones and that TLK interaction with Asf1a involves its histone-binding pocket. (omicsdi.org)
Kuzdere T, Flury V, Schalch T , Iesmantavicius V, Hess D, Bühler M. Differential phosphorylation of Clr4SUV39H by Cdk1 accompanies a histone H3 methylation switch that is essential for gametogenesis. (le.ac.uk)
Phosphorylation of histone H2B at DNA double-strand breaks. (nih.gov)

Georgel PT, Tsukiyama T, Wu C: Role of histone tails in nucleosome remodeling by drosophila NURF EMBO J 1997, 16:471 7-4726. (moodcoaching.nl)
Distinct role of histone chaperone Asf1a and Asf1b during fertilization and pre-implantation embryonic development in mice. (omicsdi.org)

Interactions due to these tails are believed to be important in nucleosome aggregation and higher level folding of the chromatin. (moodcoaching.nl)
The role of the histone tails in the action of NURF may, in part, act independently … Previously we reported the results of studies on the HDAC1 containing CoREST complex and acetylated nucleosome substrates which revealed a notable preference for deacetylation of histone H3 acetyl-Lys9 vs. acetyl-Lys14 (Wu et al, 2018). (moodcoaching.nl)
These structures suggest that Rpd3S utilizes a conserved Sin3 basic surface to navigate through the nucleosomal DNA, guided by its interactions with H3K36 methylation and the extra-nucleosomal DNA linkers, to target acetylated H3K9 and sample other histone tails. (yeastgenome.org)

In the present study, the structural basis of nucleosome assembly activity in P. falciparum was addressed by determining and analysing the crystal structure of smaller NAP in the parasite called PfNapS. (biomedcentral.com)

Epigenetic profiles of elevated cell free circulating H3.1 nucleosomes as potential biomarkers for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (cdc.gov)

The nucleosome is the fundamental subunit of chromatin. (moodcoaching.nl)
A nucleosome is the basic repeating subunit of chromatin packaged inside the cell's nucleus. (genome.gov)

This assay monitors remodeling of a single nucleosome in the context of a 25-mer nucleosomal array by measuring the remodeling-dependent exposure of a unique restriction enzyme site originally occluded by the nucleosome (Mueller-Planitz et al. (gasyblog.com)
A single nucleosome consists of about 150 base pairs of DNA sequence wrapped around a core of histone proteins. (genome.gov)

NAPs participate in the assembly and disassembly of nucleosomes thus contributing to chromatin structure organization. (biomedcentral.com)

A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. (moodcoaching.nl)
We present here a structural model for how Set8 uses multivalent interactions to bind and methylate the nucleosome based on crystallographic and solution studies of the Set8/nucleosome complex. (cornell.edu)
It had seemed to me for some time that a nucleosome capable of adopting alternate conformations in response to its surrounding molecular environment could more efficiently ensure the structural integrity and fluidity chromatin needs for its biological role. (ucsf.edu)

Previously we reported the results of studies on the HDAC1 containing CoREST complex and acetylated nucleosome substrates which revealed a notable preference for deacetylation of histone H3 acetyl-Lys9 vs. acetyl-Lys14 (Wu et al, 2018). (moodcoaching.nl)
Called a deacetylase, this enzyme removes acetyl groups from histones to repress gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
This Histone H3 acetyl antibody was raised against a peptide including acetyl-lysines contained in the N-terminal tail of histone H3. (fishersci.com)

In particular, trimethylation of Lys36 on histone H3 tail (H3K36me3) is associated with DNA methylation and elongation phase of transcription. (nih.gov)
The histone variant mH2A1.1 interferes with transcription by down-regulating PARP-1 enzymatic activity. (nature.com)
These nucleosomes further fold together into highly condensed chromatin, which renders the organism's genetic material far less accessible to the factors required for gene transcription, DNA replication, recombination and repair. (wikipedia.org)
Euchromatin marks active transcription and gene expression, as the light packing of histones in this way allows entry for proteins involved in the transcription process. (wikipedia.org)
Common histone methylations include H3K9 dimethylation and H3K27 trimethylation, which are both largely associated with gene silencing, whereas H3K4, H3K36, and H3K79 methylations are associated with an increase in gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Histones are often ubiquitinated with one ubiquitin molecule (monoubiquitination), but can also be modified with ubiquitin chains (polyubiquitination), both of which can have variable effects on gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cryptic transcription at the coding region is prevented by the activity of Sin3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex Rpd3S, which is carried by the transcribing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to deacetylate and stabilize chromatin. (yeastgenome.org)
Histones play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. (fishersci.com)
Post translationally, histones are modified in a variety of ways to either directly change the chromatin structure or allow for the binding of specific transcription factors. (fishersci.com)
In eukaryotic organisms, nucleosomes function as the most basic unit of chromosome organization directly binding and assembling on DNA to modulate DNA topology, drive compaction, and regulate transcription. (mpg.de)
Where tissue-specific promoters have detectable transcription factor binding sites, the promoters of stem cell-specific genes instead have sequence features that broadly decrease nucleosome binding affinity. (bvsalud.org)

Histone H4 is also modified by various enzymes and can act as a substrate for them. (neb.com)
In the body's scheme for safely storing genes away until needed, DNA is tightly looped around the histones, kept secure by enzymes similar to the ones studied by the Wistar team until made accessible by the activity of other enzymes responsible for gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)

Together, these studies begin to define the molecular determinants of assembly of functionally diverse macromolecular histone chaperone complexes. (omicsdi.org)
The molecular mechanisms underlying histone chaperone activity remain unclear. (rcsb.org)

Several voices have questioned this use of the word epigenetics, because many histone PTMs do not carry heritable information [1] - [8] . (plos.org)
At the heart of epigenetics is the question of how cells control which stretches of DNA are accessible to be read out and translated into proteins, and which sequences are spooled away and archived on nucleosomes. (ucsf.edu)
The field of epigenetics may have been literally scratching the surface," Narlikar said, referring to the field's focus on the function of epigenetic "marks," such as the chemical tags called methyl groups, on the exposed surfaces of histone proteins. (ucsf.edu)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin embedded Jurkat cell pellets, untreated (left) or etoposide-treated (right), using Phospho-Histone H3 (Ser10) Antibody, PCNA (PC10) Mouse mAb, Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) Antibody and Survivin (71G4B7E) Rabbit mAb. (cellsignal.com)

The trimethylated side chain of Lys36 (H3K36me3) is inserted into an aromatic cage similar to the "Royal" superfamily domains known to bind methylated histones. (nih.gov)

We previously found that histones, which are highly conserved between plants and animals, are also highly conserved in Physarum. (bvsalud.org)

Asf1, a key histone H3-H4 chaperone required for this process, is phosphorylated by Tousled-like kinases (TLKs). (omicsdi.org)
BACKGROUND:Asf1 is a well-conserved histone chaperone that regulates multiple cellular processes in different species. (omicsdi.org)
METHODS:We analyzed the dynamics of histone chaperone Asf1a and Asf1b in oocytes and pre-implantation embryos in mice by immunofluorescence and real-time quantitative PCR, and further investigated the role of Asf1a and Asf1b during fertilization and pre-implantation development by specific Morpholino oligos-mediated knock down approach. (omicsdi.org)
BACKGROUND: Anti-Silencing Factor 1 (ASF1) is a conserved H3-H4 histone chaperone involved in both Replication-Coupled and Replication-Independent (RI) nucleosomeassembly pathways. (ens-lyon.fr)
Our biochemical analyses of mutants revealed that the region of SET/TAF-Ibeta/INHAT that is engaged in histone chaperone activity is the bottom surface of the earmuff domain, because this surface bound both core histones and double-stranded DNA. (rcsb.org)
This overlap or closeness of the activity surface and the binding surfaces suggests that the specific association among SET/TAF-Ibeta/INHAT, core histones, and double-stranded DNA is requisite for histone chaperone activity. (rcsb.org)

The addition and removal of methyl groups is carried out by histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (KDMs) respectively. (wikipedia.org)
The enzyme's function is to remove methyl groups from small molecules called histones to modify them in ways that trigger gene repression. (sciencedaily.com)

Surprisingly, we find that a basic N-terminal extension to the SET domain plays an even more prominent role in nucleosome binding, possibly by making an arginine anchor interaction with the nucleosome H2A/H2B acidic patch. (cornell.edu)

Despite its fundamental importance, the mechanisms by which Rpd3S deacetylates nucleosomes and regulates chromatin dynamics remain elusive. (yeastgenome.org)
In a major new project, ReplisomeBypass , funded by a European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant, we are developing single-molecule approaches to directly visualize replisome dynamics during nucleosome encounters. (mpg.de)

Ubiquitination of the H2A core histone typically represses gene expression as it prevents methylation at H3K4, while H2B ubiquitination is necessary for H3K4 methylation and can lead to both gene activation or repression. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a replication-dependent histone that is a member of the histone H2B family and generates two transcripts through the use of the conserved stem-loop termination motif, and the polyA addition motif. (nih.gov)
But a new UCSF study promises to overturn this understanding, demonstrating that nucleosomes actively change their shape as part of the larger process of epigenetic regulation of gene expression. (ucsf.edu)

Using the pyrrolysine amber suppression system we genetically inserted three of the new amino acids ε-N-propionyl-, ε-N-butyryl-, and ε-N-crotonyl-lysine site specifically into histone H3. (cipsm.de)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 is inhibited by a histone H2A variant, MacroH2A, and contributes to silencing of the inactive X chromosome. (nature.com)
In forming a chromosome, the nucleosomes repeatedly fold in on themselves to tighten and condense the packaged DNA. (genome.gov)
Altering the shape of the nucleosome, a fundamental building block of the chromosome, could in principle have large effects on processes ranging from genome organization to epigenetic inheritance. (ucsf.edu)

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. (nih.gov)

These histones are used for nucleosome assembly and packing of newly synthesized DNA. (moodcoaching.nl)
The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains two nucleosome assembly proteins termed PfNapL and PfNapS. (biomedcentral.com)
We provide the first direct determination that ASF1A and ASF1B play a role in the efficiency of nucleosome assembly in vivo in human cells. (omicsdi.org)
We thus propose that TLK signalling promotes histone supply in S phase by targeting histone-free Asf1 and stimulating its ability to shuttle histones to sites of chromatin assembly. (omicsdi.org)
Transcriptionally active chromatin regions are characterized by the dynamic disruption and re-assembly of promoter proximal nucleosomes. (umassmed.edu)

Tousled-like kinases phosphorylate Asf1 to promote histone supply during DNA replication. (omicsdi.org)

DNA is initially coiled around proteins known as histones, to form a structure called the nucleosome. (pasteur.fr)

Nucleosomes are one of the main structures that help keep our DNA folded up neatly and packed away or help to unfold it. (genome.gov)
If you look at crystal structures of the conventional model of the nucleosome, there's no slack, no room for the DNA to be pulled out. (ucsf.edu)

The model of the DNMT3A-DNMT3L heterotetramer in complex with a dinucleosome highlights the mechanism for recognition of nucleosome by DNMT3s and explains the periodicity of de novo DNA methylation. (nih.gov)
This analysis illustrates two regions on the PfNapS dimer as the possible sites for histone recognition. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, histone ubiquitination is related to genomic maintenance, as ubiquitination of histone H2AX is involved in DNA damage recognition of DNA double-strand breaks. (wikipedia.org)

Notably, histone macroH2A1.1 senses PARP1 activation, transiently compacts chromatin, reduces the recruitment of DNA damage factor Ku70-Ku80 and alters γ-H2AX patterns, whereas the splice variant macroH2A1.2, which is deficient in poly-ADP-ribose binding, does not mediate chromatin rearrangements upon PARP1 activation. (nature.com)

A nucleosome that is further compacted is known as chromatin. (moodcoaching.nl)
Nucleosomes in turn form a structure known as chromatin fiber. (pasteur.fr)

a coil of dna surrounding a histone core. (moodcoaching.nl)
Nucleosomes are an example of chromatin structure, where you've got DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins. (moodcoaching.nl)
H3 along with four core histone proteins binds to DNA forming the structure of the nucleosome. (fishersci.com)
First, you have the DNA in the form of a helix, which is wrapped around the core histones to form the nucleosome-the sort of tennis ball that was represented before- which then folds up further to give chromatin fibers, which further fold up and then organize in the nucleus to form different domains. (hstalks.com)

We thus identify macrodomains as modules that directly sense PARP activation in vivo and establish macroH2A histones as dynamic regulators of chromatin plasticity. (nature.com)
We show that these mutant histones are inefficiently deposited into chromatin in vivo. (omicsdi.org)

Nucleosomes are the fundamental repeating units of chromatin. (nii.ac.jp)

Histone H4 combines with Histone H3 to form the H3/H4 tetramer. (neb.com)

in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are the histones . (wikipedia.org)
Histone H3 is one of the DNA-binding proteins found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells. (fishersci.com)

Nucleosomal DNAPlasmid pGEM3Z/601 contains the nucleosome positioning sequence denoted Widom 601 and was obtained from Addgene (Cambridge) [34]. (moodcoaching.nl)

Histone methylation is responsible for either activation or repression of genes, depending on the target site, and plays an important role in development and learning. (wikipedia.org)

In humans, about six feet of DNA must be packaged into a nucleus with a diameter less than a human hair, and nucleosomes play a key role in that process. (genome.gov)

Histone H2B as a functionally important plasminogen receptor on macrophages. (nih.gov)

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