• We showed that QCANet can be applied not only to developing mouse embryos but also to developing embryos of two other model species. (nature.com)
  • Using QCANet, we were able to extract several quantitative criteria of embryogenesis from 11 early mouse embryos. (nature.com)
  • Researchers irradiated stem cells from mouse embryos to cause genetic mutations, then stained the cells to reveal the tumour suppressing protein p53. (newscientist.com)
  • Overview of Single Cell Combinatorial Indexing for labeling the transcriptome of single cells The cells of mouse embryos at day 9.5 to 13.5 were isolated and distributed into different wells of a microtiter plate. (mpg.de)
  • Together with researchers from Berlin, the American team used this method to study the activity of all cells from mouse embryos at the age of 9.5 to 13.5 days. (mpg.de)
  • In the current issue of the journal Nature , the scientists describe how the method has been improved and applied to mouse embryos in order to create an 'atlas' of gene activity during mouse organogenesis. (mpg.de)
  • This is currently the most popular method for the generation of targeted knock-out and knock-in models by ES-cell injections into 8-cell morulae and/or blastocysts of mouse embryos. (lu.se)
  • In general, motor nuclei are closer to the front (ventral), and sensory nuclei and neurons are closer to the back (dorsal). (wikipedia.org)
  • A dorsal view of the embryo, focused first at the level of the hypoblast. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • C ) Embryos are mounted in a dorsal orientation for imaging both ears simultaneously using a 20X, 1.0 NA objective. (elifesciences.org)
  • The major internal calcium store is the ER (endoplasmic reticulum): the spatial organization of the ER during mitosis is important in defining a microdomain around the nucleus and mitotic spindle in early Drosophila embryos [Parry, McDougall and Whitaker (2005) J. Cell Biol. (portlandpress.com)
  • Nuclear divisions in syncytial Drosophila embryos are accompanied by both cortical and nuclear localized calcium transients. (portlandpress.com)
  • Drosophila embryos are easily amenable to imaging because they are more transparent than the embryos of other model organisms, such as mice. (nature.com)
  • BDR Seminar Elevated temperature fatally disrupts the distribution of cortical nuclei in the early Drosophila embryo Jul. (riken.jp)
  • Early Drosophila embryos undergo 13 rounds of rapid nuclear division before enclosing each nucleus into an individual, membrane-bound cell. (scivee.tv)
  • During development, the planar polarized distribution of Rho kinase and Myosin II helps Drosophila germ-band cells intercalate so that the embryo extends along its anterior-posterior axis. (scivee.tv)
  • Fragments are cytoplasm fractions without nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasm aspect: the presence of vesicles on day 3 is considered a sign of embryo genome activation and, therefore, of good prognosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • This accumulation of pigment granules around nuclei during development indicates that the granules are transported toward the nuclei during the cleavage period, suggesting some sort of directional flow of cytoplasm in blastomeres of early amphibian embryos. (silverchair.com)
  • I have tried a control experiment in which I microinject only GFP - and this localizes throughout each cell (cytoplasm, membrane, nucleus) but concentrates in the nucleus. (bio.net)
  • Embryo-like models with spatially organized morphogenesis and structure of all defining embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues of the post-implantation human conceptus (that is, the embryonic disc, the bilaminar disc, the yolk sac, the chorionic sac and the surrounding trophoblast layer) remain lacking 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
  • Mouse naive embryonic stem cells have recently been shown to give rise to embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells capable of self-assembling into post-gastrulation structured stem-cell-based embryo models with spatially organized morphogenesis (called SEMs) 3 . (nature.com)
  • Such human fully integrated and complete SEMs recapitulate the organization of nearly all known lineages and compartments of post-implantation human embryos, including the epiblast, the hypoblast, the extra-embryonic mesoderm and the trophoblast layer surrounding the latter compartments. (nature.com)
  • Since embryonic stem cells have the ability to form virtually any cell type in the body, those taken from a cloned embryo could potentially be used to treat many diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers reported in Nature on November 22, 2007, that they successfully isolated 2 embryonic stem cell lines from cloned embryos made using cells from the skin of an adult rhesus macaque. (nih.gov)
  • Embryonic stem cells come from embryos, embryonic germ cells from testes, and adult stem cells can come from bone marrow. (cbc.ca)
  • The blue areas represent individual cell nuclei. (upstate.edu)
  • Subsequently, all cell nuclei were extracted and a molecular barcode specific to the respective embryo was introduced to the RNA molecules of each cell. (mpg.de)
  • In few cases, the implantation of multinucleated embryos has resulted in normal pregnancies, thus multinucleated embryos are transferred to the uterus only if that is the only embryo available. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • After a brief incubation period, the embryo is placed into the uterus, where it may implant and initiate a pregnancy. (ivf.net)
  • When an embryo like this is implanted into a uterus, as with Dolly, the process is called reproductive cloning. (nih.gov)
  • Mares were killed 7.5-8.5 days after transfer and the uterus and oviducts flushed for embryo recovery. (bioone.org)
  • At left: Membraneless organelles, called P granules, are shown in green around a cell's nucleus in a flatworm embryo. (princeton.edu)
  • Mitochondria (which have their own DNA, separate from the DNA in a cell's nucleus) are inherited solely from the mother. (scientificamerican.com)
  • For time-lapse observation of early-stage D rosophila embryos, Keller et al. (nature.com)
  • Time-lapse microscopy is an expansion of microscopy wherein the morphology of embryos is studied over time. (wikipedia.org)
  • As of 2014, time-lapse microscopy for embryo quality assessment is emerging from the experimental stage to something with enough evidence for broader clinical use. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies using the EmbryoScope (tm) time-lapse incubator have used several indicators for embryo quality, such as direct cleavage from 1 to 3 cells, as well as the initiation of compaction and start of blastulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells symmetry and size: it is normal that all blastomeres had same or similar size in embryos with 2, 4 or 8 cells, while for the rest of embryos, a certain variety in cells size is normal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The accumulation of pigment granules suggests intracellular movement toward the nuclei in blastomeres of early amphibian embryos. (silverchair.com)
  • It is best if all the cells (blastomeres) of an embryo are similar in size. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • Certain parts of the blastomeres (embryo cells) are broken and are thus separated from the nucleated portion of the cell. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • The projection pattern of the neurons of the paragriseal Hofmann nuclei was mapped in the chicken embryo using the lipophilic tracer DiI. (nih.gov)
  • 3) Hofmann neurons are multipolar with 4-5 laterally directed primary dendrites whose arbors are restricted to the Hofmann nucleus major within which the neurons reside. (nih.gov)
  • Each Hofmann nucleus major is innervated by a rostrocaudally restricted subset of these presynaptic neurons. (nih.gov)
  • 5) Paragriseal neurons that are not located within Hofmann nuclei major are also commissural intersegmental interneurons and tend to be clustered segmentally. (nih.gov)
  • The segmentation is clearest for the Hofmann nuclei minor, which are clusters of neurons iterated along the ventrolateral margin of the thoracic spinal cord but not organized in protruding lobes. (nih.gov)
  • A cranial nerve nucleus is a collection of neurons (gray matter) in the brain stem that is associated with one or more of the cranial nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clarke, P.G.H. (1984) Identical populations of phagocytes and dying neurons revealed by intravascularly injected horseradish peroxidase, and by endogenous glutaraldehyde-resistant acid phosphatase in the brains of chick embryos. (karger.com)
  • Neurotransmitters such as monoamines appear in the embryo before the neurons are. (proprofs.com)
  • Embryology is the biology branch that focuses on the prenatal development of gametes, fertilization, and embryos and fetuses. (proprofs.com)
  • This quiz is centered on when the developing human is called embryo, where fertilization occurs, what. (proprofs.com)
  • These star embryos start to fuse hydrogen nuclei into helium and emit radiation in the process. (livescience.com)
  • the nucleus of a helium atom, made up of two neutrons and two protons with a charge of +2. (cdc.gov)
  • An alpha particle has a mass of 4 atomic mass units (amu) and is equal to a helium nucleus (i.e., two protons and two neutrons, and a charge of +2). (cdc.gov)
  • Assessment of morphological features as a reliable non-invasive method that provides valuable information in prediction of IVF/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome has been frequently used as an soring system of the embryo quality. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
  • DNA strand breaks in fertilizing sperm nuclei have potentially serious consequences for developing embryos. (purdue.edu)
  • Aneuploidies were found in 0.67% of total sperm nuclei. (cdc.gov)
  • Established in response to a need for in-house mouse services, the LUTCF provides expertise in cryopreservation of embryos by IVF or natural matings, sperm cryopreservation, rederivation services, strain expansion by IVF, ES morula/blastocyst injections, pronuclear DNA microinjections, and injection of CRISPR edited DNA. (lu.se)
  • This fertilized embryo thus contains the sperm DNA from a male, the ovum DNA from the affected female, and the normal mitochondria (and their genome) from a second female, resulting in an embryo without mitochondrial disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gene expression profiling of cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte and early embryo, or on granulosa cells, provides an alternative that does not involve sampling from the embryo itself. (wikipedia.org)
  • Profiling of cumulus cells can give valuable information regarding the efficiency of an ovarian hyperstimulation protocol, and may indirectly predict oocyte aneuploidy, embryo development and pregnancy outcomes, without having to perform any invasive procedure directly in the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • When the oocyte is in the metaphase II stage of cell division, the spindle-chromosome complex is removed and inserted into a healthy donor oocyte from which the nucleus has already been removed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Located in nucleus and spindle midzone. (nih.gov)
  • The technique involves transferring genetic material from the nucleus of an egg or embryo from a woman carrying a mitochondrial disease into an egg or embryo from a healthy donor that has had its nuclear DNA removed, but where the healthy mitochondria remain. (medscape.com)
  • That means the resulting embryo will have the affected mother's nuclear DNA but will not inherit the mitochondrial disease, allowing a woman carrying defective mitochondria to have healthy children. (medscape.com)
  • Because the cells in embryos are considerably crowded, an algorithm to segment individual cells in detail and accurately is needed. (nature.com)
  • In early embryos, cells are loosely connected to each other. (nature.com)
  • At the 8-cell stage, the embryo becomes compact, and the cells form a spherical mass called a morula. (nature.com)
  • Molecular analysis can be performed by taking one of the cells from an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ideally, embryos must have 2 to 4 cells in the first 48 hours after the egg has been fertilized. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • This refers to the speed at which the cells in the embryo divide and whether the division is even. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • Although fragmented embryos may lead to successful pregnancies, cells which display more than 25 percent fragmentation are not considered for potential implantation. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • We analyzed the morphological features of dying cells in the developing axial structures of 5 human embryos between 5 and 8 weeks of postovulatory age. (karger.com)
  • All cells of the embryo organs are involved in protein storage accumulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The top layer is composed of highly polarized epithelial cells with microvilli partially visible at the apex and dark nuclei at the base. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • Moreover, studies with human disc cells, especially focusing on nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, are seldom found in the literature. (medsci.org)
  • In 1962 researcher John Bertrand Gurdon at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, conducted a series of experiments on the developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. (asu.edu)
  • Gurdon's first experiment in 1958 showed that the nuclei of Xenopus cells maintained their ability to direct normal development when transplanted. (asu.edu)
  • ONE of the mechanisms that make damaged cells commit suicide is switched off in the embryo, say researchers. (newscientist.com)
  • Although the cells produced abundant p53, it didn't get transported to the nucleus where it does its work. (newscientist.com)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • In another strategy, called therapeutic cloning, the embryo can instead be used to create stem cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (nih.gov)
  • Initially, all these cells are identical, but soon, they start to form the three germ layers, which represent the first stage of differentiation of the developing embryo. (mpg.de)
  • Within a short time, the cells of the three germ layers are transformed into an embryo containing most of its major internal and external organs. (mpg.de)
  • Researchers there are working on technology that induces human skin cells to change into the kind of stem cells that have been created by embryos. (cbc.ca)
  • Some argue that the possibility of mimicking stem cells without acquiring them from embryos, side-steps that moral dilemma. (cbc.ca)
  • This new method of generating stem cells does not require embryos as starting points and could be used to generate cells from many adult tissues, such as a patient's own skin cells,' said principal author Andras Nagy, senior investigator at Mount Sinai's Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute. (cbc.ca)
  • It's been clear that there's a program here telling the plants exactly what to do, and that it is working not on cells, but on nuclei. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Implantation of the human embryo leads to a number of changes in organization that are essential for gastrulation and future development 1 . (nature.com)
  • and (3) evidence of developmental dynamism relating to ability to progress, in a structurally organized manner, through morphologically characterized developmental milestones of the early post-implantation human embryo following initial aggregate formation 3 . (nature.com)
  • It ensures that several embryos are available for implantation. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • Before the embryos are transferred for implantation or even considered for freezing, the embryos are assessed for the quality and their potential for implantation in the womb. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • Since majority of multinucleated embryos have displayed chromosomally abnormal in studies, they are not considered for ideal for implantation. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • This video guide is an essential learning tool for investigators considering work with Xenopus eggs and embryos. (cshlpress.com)
  • Then the male and female pronuclei are removed from the first zygote and transplanted into the donor zygote after its nucleus has been removed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The axons originating from a single Hofmann nucleus cross within a stretch of the cord equivalent to about one spinal segment. (nih.gov)
  • The resulting embryo has the nuclear DNA of the mother and father, including their physical characteristics and traits, but the healthy mitochondrial DNA of the donor. (medscape.com)
  • These embryos often are mosaics or with aneuploidy. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been estimated that 4 of 1,000 live births and 35% of spontaneous abortions are aneuploid and that an important proportion of embryo and newborn aneuploidy is of paternal origin. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, embryo development is highly dynamic. (nature.com)
  • As will be shown, these dark spots correspond to the accumulation of pigment granules around the nuclei during development in the cleavage period. (silverchair.com)
  • According to our findings, apoptosis seems to be the most frequently observed type of PCD, but it is not the exclusive type of morphological cell death during the development of axial structures in human embryos. (karger.com)
  • During formation of endosperm and embryo development of L. tuberosus , protein bodies are formed. (wikipedia.org)
  • NSML (AB araapapaav) development in the embryo. (wormatlas.org)
  • NSMR (AB araapppaav) development in the embryo. (wormatlas.org)
  • Chloroplast biogenesis and function is essential for proper plant embryo and seed development but the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of plastids during embryogenesis are poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)
  • We show here that PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE 2 (PRIN2) and CHLOROPLAST STEM-LOOP BINDING PROTEIN 41 kDa (CSP41b), two proteins identified in plastid nucleoid preparations, are essential for proper plant embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
  • The prin2.2 and csp41b-2 single mutants displayed pale phenotypes, abnormal chloroplasts with reduced transcript levels of photosynthesis genes and defects in embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
  • In silico analysis of available array data showed that a large number of genes traditionally classified as PEP dependent genes are transcribed during early embryo development from the pre-globular stage to the mature-green-stage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Taken together, our results suggest that PEP activity and consequently the switch from NEP to PEP activity, is essential during embryo development and that the PRIN2-CSP41b DNA binding protein complex possibly is important for full PEP activity during this process. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
  • Although it is possible to culture structures derived from human blastocysts ex vivo, these cultures do not recapitulate the events and structural organization of the in vivo embryos 6 ( Supplementary Information ). (nature.com)
  • Fossilized nuclei and germination structures identify Ediacaran "animal embryos" as encysting protists' in Science 334. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • Finally, does anyone know of a fluorescent molecule or dye that diffuses evenly thoroughout a cell and does not get partitioned into the nucleus or other subcellular structures? (bio.net)
  • Certain radioactive nuclei emit alpha particles. (cdc.gov)
  • On the other hand, embryo profiling for health prediction puts more focus on the genome, and where there is a risk of a genetic disorder it more often involves cell sampling from the embryo for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another level of opportunity can be achieved by having the evaluation of the embryo profile tailored to the maternal status in regard to, for example health or immune status, potentially further detailed by similar profiling of the maternal genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gradual conversion from endosymbiont to organelle during the course of evolution has clearly been accompanied by a dramatic reduction in genome size as the chloroplasts lost most of their genes to the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • C) The white elevated plaques were observed on the chorioallantoic membrane of inoculated specific pathogen free chicken embryos 4 days postinoculation. (cdc.gov)
  • I-L ) In toto images can be automatically processed using membrane and nuclei segmentation algorithms for estimating cell numbers, cell shapes, and protein expression at a single-cell resolution. (elifesciences.org)
  • The mechanisms of immune privilege in human nucleus pulposus (NP) remain unclear. (medsci.org)
  • As the fetus grows, the notochord expands at the site of the future intervertebral disks and forms the nucleus pulposus. (medscape.com)
  • To analyse the time-series 3D microscopic images of developing embryos with fluorescently labelled nuclei, these studies used image segmentation. (nature.com)
  • It is therefore conceivable that the accumulation of pigment granules around nuclei is of general occurrence in early amphibian embryos. (silverchair.com)
  • Naturally laid early embryos of Rana japĆ³nica and Bufo bufo japonicus were collected in the suburbs of Kyoto in their breeding season (February and April respectively). (silverchair.com)
  • The pattern of cell division is so similar to the early stages of animal (including human) embryology that until now they were thought to represent the embryos of the earliest animals. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • Close to the midline are the motor efferent nuclei, such as the oculomotor nucleus, which control skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The notochord is derived from the primitive ectoderm and defines the midline of the chordate embryos. (medscape.com)
  • The results may be used to score embryos by comparing the patterns with ones that have previously been found among embryos in successful versus unsuccessful pregnancies: In transcriptome evaluation, gene expression profiling studies of human embryos are limited due to legal and ethical issues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since most countries have a restriction on the number of embryos that can be transferred at a time, to avoid the risk complications during multiple pregnancies, the spare or supernumerary embryos are generally frozen for future use. (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • Opponents argue that any embryo has the potential to develop into a mature human. (cbc.ca)
  • Most human embryos reproduced by most human cloning techniques would actually be genetically unique -- i.e., having never existed before. (lifeissues.net)
  • Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)
  • This is still in experimental stages but has been done on several human embryos. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cytological observations showed that each dark spot corresponds to a mass of accumulated pigment granules around the nucleus of a blastomere. (silverchair.com)
  • This accumulation of pigment granules is found in embryos of several families (genera) of anura, such as Ranidae (Rana) , Hylidae (Hyla) and Bufonidae (Bufo) . (silverchair.com)
  • A higher rate implies chromosomal abnormalities and a lower rate entails possible embryo arrest (it is dying). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cloning entails taking the nucleus - the compartment that contains the DNA - from an adult cell and putting it into an egg from which the original nucleus has been removed. (nih.gov)
  • Two years ago Sundaresan and a postdoctoral fellow in his laboratory, Gabriela Pagnussat, used genetic tools to shift the position of a single nucleus at one end of an embryo sac in the plant Arabidopsis. (ucdavis.edu)
  • This X-ray microscopy revealed that the fossils had features that multicellular embryos do not, and this led the researchers to the conclusion that the fossils were neither animals nor embryos but rather the reproductive spore bodies of single-celled ancestors of animals. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • The plant triggers auxin synthesis at one end of the female reproductive unit called the embryo sac, creating an auxin gradient. (ucdavis.edu)
  • the total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. (cdc.gov)
  • the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. (cdc.gov)
  • Atomic Mass Number-- The total number of nucleons (neutron plus protons) in the nucleus of an atom. (cdc.gov)
  • Alpha Particle (symbolized by Greek letter )-- A charged particle emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive atoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Does GFP alone normally accumulate in the nucleus? (bio.net)
  • The process of embryo grading involves assigning grades to every embryo in order to identify and sort the best quality embryo to be selected for embryo transfer or embryo freezing (cyropreservation). (fertilityproregistry.com)
  • Another area, not on the dorsum of the brainstem, is where the special visceral efferents nuclei reside. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, microRNA (miRNA) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be sampled from the vicinity of embryos, functioning as transcriptome-level-markers of embryo quality. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteome profiling of embryos can indirectly be evaluated by sampling of proteins found in the vicinity of embryos, thereby providing a non-invasive method of embryo profiling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Embryo quality is mainly evaluated by microscopy at certain time points using a morphological scoring system. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of the Pyrenean ibex, for example, the Spanish scientists created 439 eggs containing the extinct species' nuclei, but only 57 developed into embryos. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Fragmentation: happens due to cell apoptosis and can be quantified by the % of the embryo total volume eccupied by fragments. (wikipedia.org)