• To facilitate discussion, it was agreed to distinguish between human cloning for reproductive purposes, that is to produce a human individual, and human cloning for nonreproductive purposes, that is to produce embryos for basic and applied research. (who.int)
  • Some countries have proposed a total ban on any research involving the cloning of human embryos. (who.int)
  • Several participants reported interest among the scientific and medical communities of their countries and regions in the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques to produce cloned human embryos for time-limited basic research on ageing and genetic diseases. (who.int)
  • The recent desperation to clone human embryos may be seriously undermining accepted ethical principles of medical research, with potentially profound wider consequences. (lifeissues.net)
  • In the ongoing debate about cloning human embryos for research, and about destroying them in order to harvest their stem cells, it is important to keep some basic facts in mind. (actionlife.org)
  • Depending on the source, stem cells can be classified into two broad categories i.e. embryonic stem cells that are derived from embryos and non-embryonic stem cells that are derived from adult and fetal tissues. (benthamscience.com)
  • Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
  • However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
  • A couple of studies show some success in generating early microscopic embryos, but this [study] is the first successful pluripotent stem cell line," said Daley. (the-scientist.com)
  • This could help researchers identify abnormalities in iPSC differentiation, correct them, and develop pluripotent stem cells that don't harbor tumorigenic qualities and do not require the use of human embryos. (the-scientist.com)
  • And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • The use of embryonic stem cells has been a source of considerable controversy due to its sacrifice of human embryos in the blastocyst stage, which some people view as the destruction of human life . (citizendium.org)
  • Human embryos fertilized in the ordinary manner and harvested in the blastocyst stage have been used as an extensive source of stem cells for research purposes, and have been shown to possess therapeutic value in laboratory animals. (citizendium.org)
  • The most infamous study of embryonic stem cells asserted that cloned human embryos had been created via somatic cell nuclear transfer, and stem cells had been generated from these embryos. (citizendium.org)
  • Ethical objections to the use of human embryonic stem cells revolve around the destruction of human embryos in the blastocyst stage to obtain the stem cells. (citizendium.org)
  • Photographs of (a) the procedure of somatic cell transfer (shown with the arrow) into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte, (b) cloned bovine embryos used for transplantation to recipient animals, and (c) cloned calf (obtained in Russia for the first time). (isaaa.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells are derived from early embryos and have the ability to differentiate into any cell type. (spiked-online.com)
  • Human cloning involves creating embryos with the intent of implanting them in women to produce children. (boloji.com)
  • The bill also applies Federal ethical regulations on human subject research and outlaws the transfer of cloned embryos to a woman's uterus or to any artificial womb. (boloji.com)
  • At the same time, the statement calls for a five-year moratorium on the use of cloning to create human embryos for research purposes. (boloji.com)
  • While supporting research that would help to determine whether stem cells have therapeutic effects, they point out that those adult stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and embryonic stem cells not derived from embryos created for research can be used. (boloji.com)
  • I've been working with mammalian embryos for over 40 years, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. (wptv.com)
  • Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
  • Many protocols possess been set up for sexing the cell and embryos lines in farm pets. (researchensemble.com)
  • This article summarizes the history and current situation in fish nuclear transfer tech-nology and discusses the factors that may influence the development of the cloned embryos. (chinagene.cn)
  • Stem cells may be derived from adult tissues but the most potent are extracted from developing human embryos. (edu.au)
  • Yamanaka worked to find new ways to acquire embryonic stem cells to avoid the social and ethical controversies surrounding the use of human embryos in stem cell research during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. (asu.edu)
  • The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, the efficiency for nuclear transfer is between 0-10%, i.e., 0-10 live births after transfer of 100 cloned embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Brunetti D., Lagutina I., Perota A., Colleoni S., Duchi R., Lucchini F., Lazzari G., Galli C. "Derivation of bovine fetal fibroblasts harboring OCT4-GFP vector and analysis of GFP expression in cloned embryos. (istitutospallanzani.it)
  • Brunetti D., Lagutina I., Perota A., Colleoni S., Lucchini F., Lazzari G., Galli C. "Screening of RFP expression and reactivation of oct4-promoter in horse cloned embryos. (istitutospallanzani.it)
  • Murine hematopoietic stem cell activity is derived from pre-circulation embryos but not yolk sacs. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Despite its extinct status, which was supposedly caused by a disease that originated from a fungus spread by humans, Archer's team has produced embryos of the frog using somatic cell nuclear transplantation, a method similar to the one used on the bucardo. (bionomicfuel.com)
  • Many scientists argue that therapeutic cloning of specific human cells are vital for finding the cures for diseases like Alzheimer's and diabetes. (westerncarolinian.com)
  • Finally, and inexorably, a true professional scientist poses clearly challenging questions to his research colleagues, and to the scientific enterprise in general, about the dubious "scientific" justification for the current rush to clone human beings - for both "therapeutic" and for "reproductive" purposes. (lifeissues.net)
  • But he is equally concerned about the unethical aspects inherent in the rush to perform " therapeutic " human cloning research, including the abuses to all vulnerable human patients who would be required to participate in clinical trials. (lifeissues.net)
  • However, there are a number of factors limiting the procurement of organs and accordingly, therapeutic cloning that perhaps can yield still better results needs to be considered as an alternative. (scialert.net)
  • One of the next preclinical steps, according to the authors, is to evaluate, in the lab, differentiated patient-specific human embryonic stem cell lines for immune-system tolerance, therapeutic efficacy and safety. (scienceblog.com)
  • Kuldip S. Sidhu , " Frontiers in Pluripotent Stem Cells Research and Therapeutic Potentials Bench-to-Bedside ", Bentham Science Publishers (2012). (benthamscience.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can grow infinitely and give rise to all types of cells in human body, thus of tremendous therapeutic potentials for a variety of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, and diabetes. (benthamscience.com)
  • Since then, the work of Wilmut and Campbell has been duplicated in many other animal species and has provided approaches to produce useful therapeutic products with cloned animals and to improve agricultural practices. (shawprize.org)
  • The findings validate this controversial method, and may one day allow therapeutic stem cells to be created from a patient's own genetic material. (the-scientist.com)
  • In the best case, an early embryo consisting of a few cells may form, but these are not capable of giving rise to human life, nor hESCs for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
  • The triploid cells aren't suitable for therapeutic purposes, and future efforts will be focused on trying to eliminate the [egg cell] genome," said Daley, who wrote an accompanying News & Views in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
  • While iPSCs avoid the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells, the methods used to derive them sometimes induce mutations in cancer causing genes, making them unsuitable for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
  • If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • The use of the pluripotent and/or self-renewing qualities of stem cells is believed to have therapeutic benefits for the regeneration of tissue in humans. (citizendium.org)
  • A number of large biotech companies and scientists are looking toward stem cells as the basis for a therapeutic solution to cure such illnesses as blindness, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • A renewable, tissue culture source of human cells capable of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types would have broad applications in basic research and therapeutic techniques. (spiked-online.com)
  • One of the most promising techniques is what is known as therapeutic cloning. (spiked-online.com)
  • In therapeutic cloning on the other hand, genetic material from a body cell is inserted into an egg cell, replacing the nucleus. (boloji.com)
  • However, the Senate bill does allow for therapeutic cloning, known as 'nuclear transplantation', for research on therapies that could cure several serious and life-threatening diseases. (boloji.com)
  • The Society for Women's Health Research, a non-profit group, agrees that therapeutic cloning should be allowed. (boloji.com)
  • The potential of therapeutic cloning for treating, and perhaps curing, a variety of debilitating diseases demands that the scientific community be allowed to continue this promising work. (boloji.com)
  • Stem cells were then derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (scienceblog.com)
  • The Korean researchers who performed this stem cell research improved upon their protocols that yielded the first embryonic stem cell line from a cloned human blastocyst. (scienceblog.com)
  • A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)
  • Such tissue renewal may be accomplished via the use of adult stem cells, or embryonic stem cells, which may be derived from a human embryo in the blastocyst stage. (citizendium.org)
  • However, supporters of embryonic stem cell research frequently contend that even the comparison to abortion is inappropriate, since while a several month old fetus might have sufficient neurological development to be conscious in some meaningful sense, a human embryo in the blastocyst stage has so little development that one can safely conclude that it cannot exist as a conscious being. (citizendium.org)
  • The targeting vector was inserted into ES cells in culture and a Nph3-KI mouse line was generated (blastocyst injections and transplantations were performed in collaboration). (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Approximately five days after fertilization the totipotent cells have differentiated and started to form a hollow sphere of cells called a blastocyst. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The blastocyst can then be transferred to a recipient (h) and cloned animals are born after completion of gestation (i). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gurdon's research built on the work of Thomas King and Robert Briggs in the United States, who in 1952 published findings that indicated that scientists could take a nucleus from an early embryonic cell and successfully transfer it into an unfertilized and enucleated egg cell. (asu.edu)
  • Each of the 11 new human embryonic stem cell lines was created by transferring the nuclear genetic material from a non-reproductive cell of a patient into a donated egg, or "oocyte," whose nucleus had been removed. (scienceblog.com)
  • In sexual reproduction the new individual gets half of its chromosomes from the nucleus of the sperm cell and half from the nucleus of the egg cell. (actionlife.org)
  • Instead, an egg has its nucleus removed and replaced by a nucleus from another type of cell-a body cell. (actionlife.org)
  • This is cloning, a process in which the body cell that donated the replacement nucleus supplies the chromosomes of the new human organism. (actionlife.org)
  • They pioneered a new technique of starving embryo cells before transferring their nucleus to fertilized egg cells. (shawprize.org)
  • One of the live-born lambs, Dolly, was derived from the transplantation of the nucleus of an adult mammary cell. (shawprize.org)
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer typically involves the transfer of genomic information from a somatic cell into an unfertilized egg cell whose nucleus has been removed. (the-scientist.com)
  • Instead of removing the egg genome prior to nuclear transfer, he and his colleagues added the somatic cell nucleus directly to the intact egg. (the-scientist.com)
  • The nucleus of a body cell from the DNA donor is removed, and put into the place formerly occupied by the egg's nucleus. (cbc-network.org)
  • In 1962, Gurdon conducted a groundbreaking experiment that involved transplanting the nucleus of a mature frog cell into an egg cell whose nucleus had been removed. (observervoice.com)
  • This technique demonstrated that the nucleus of a fully differentiated cell still contained the genetic information required to create an entire organism. (observervoice.com)
  • In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
  • Next, they removed the nucleus and all its DNA from an egg cell. (essays.io)
  • Then they moved the nucleus from the somatic cell to the egg cell, after a couple of chemical tweaks, the egg cell, with its new nucleus behaved like a freshly fertilized egg. (essays.io)
  • The Dolly experiment showed that scientists could reprogram the nucleus of somatic cells by transferring the contents of the nucleus into oocytes that have had their nuclei removed, a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (asu.edu)
  • Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It demonstrated that genes inactivated during tissue differentiation can be completely re-activated by a process called nuclear reprogramming: the reversion of a differentiated nucleus back to a totipotent status. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Summary information is provided here on the outcome of the meetings held during the last three months of 1997, in which the ethical, scientific and social implications of cloning were discussed in relation to the potential biomedical applications of this technique in such areas of human health as reproductive health, xenotransplantation and medical genetics. (who.int)
  • Other regions reported that some individuals and religious leaders might consider reproductive cloning acceptable in certain cases such as otherwise untreatable infertility, or to avoid inherited genetic diseases. (who.int)
  • Agreeing with the premise of an earlier article in the same journal, he agrees that we "must not let our debate get completely derailed by vested interests, whether politically or economically motivated", and that the failure to find global agreement on human cloning at the U.N. could result in "reproductive" human cloning [and all the abuses of women that would entail]. (lifeissues.net)
  • Oocyte donors and patients who donated non-reproductive cells were all unpaid volunteers. (scienceblog.com)
  • For underage donors of non-reproductive cells, both parents signed informed-consent agreements. (scienceblog.com)
  • Currently, the procedure for isolating non-reproductive cells for the nuclear transfer method involves animal enzymes and serum. (scienceblog.com)
  • The single cell line generated in the 2004 Science paper resulted from nuclear transfer in which the oocyte and non-reproductive ("somatic") cell came from the same healthy female. (scienceblog.com)
  • … "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. (wikiquote.org)
  • If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • Their 'Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2002' would prohibit human reproductive cloning by imposing significant criminal and civil penalties in the form of fines (at least $1 million) and up to ten years in prison. (boloji.com)
  • Further, cloning advocates are seeking to appropriate the language of reproductive rights and freedom of choice to support their case. (boloji.com)
  • and the general public debate about reproductive cloning. (edu.au)
  • In 1962 researcher John Bertrand Gurdon at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England, conducted a series of experiments on the developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. (asu.edu)
  • In their new paper, Science author Woo Suk Hwang from Seoul National University in Seoul, Korea and colleagues replaced the nuclei from donated oocytes with nuclei from skin cells from male and female patients, ranging in age from 2 to 56, who had spinal cord injuries, juvenile diabetes and the genetic disease "congenital hypogamma-globulinemia. (scienceblog.com)
  • Here we report on the successful reprogramming of nuclei from somatic cells rendered nonviable by heat treatment. (cnrs.fr)
  • Granulosa cells from adult sheep were heated to nonphysiological temperatures (55 degrees C or 75 degrees C) before their nuclei were injected into enucleated metaphase II oocytes. (cnrs.fr)
  • They performed nuclear transfer experiments in which nuclei from embryonic, foetal and adult cells of the sheep were transplanted into fertilized eggs derived from ewes. (shawprize.org)
  • The team led by Galina Singina at the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry managed to clone the calf using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), with embryonic fibroblasts as donors of nuclei. (isaaa.org)
  • Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs. (chinagene.cn)
  • Cytoplasmic impact on cross-genus cloned fish derived from transgenic common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) nuclei and gold-fish ( Carassius auratus ) enucleated eggs. (chinagene.cn)
  • These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These observations suggest that further studies on nuclear reprogramming are needed in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of reprogramming and significantly improve the ability of the differentiated somatic nuclei to be reprogrammed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The team used the nuclei of cells from the last living bucardo, injecting them into goat eggs "emptied of their own DNA," then implanted these eggs into living goats. (bionomicfuel.com)
  • Researchers in Seoul have even taken the first steps toward attempting to clone a woolly mammoth from intact nuclei frozen in tissue found last year along the Yana River. (bionomicfuel.com)
  • In a Science "Policy Forum" related to the team's latest findings, David Magnus and Mildred Cho from Stanford University in Palo Alto, CA discuss international oversight and ethical issues in oocyte donation, including the need to promote realistic expectations of the outcomes of stem cell research. (scienceblog.com)
  • The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
  • While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)
  • While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Recent advances in the field of stem-cell research are giving hope to millions. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • American feminists and women's health activists are debating on the difficult issue of human cloning and stem cell research. (boloji.com)
  • Gurdon's work also had significant implications for stem cell research, as it highlighted the potential to reprogram mature cells back into a pluripotent state, leading to the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (observervoice.com)
  • Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
  • Experts from around the world are assessing the difficult issue of the extent to which embryonic stem cell research should be allowed to proceed, and to date there is little international consensus on this matter. (edu.au)
  • How, then, should embryonic stem cell research be regulated in Australia? (edu.au)
  • This issue was considered by the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs in its report entitled Human Cloning: Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research (hereafter the Andrews Report , after the Chair of the Committee, Mr Kevin Andrews, MP) released in September 2001. (edu.au)
  • In this article we examine embryonic stem cell research and explore the current regulatory framework associated with this research in Australia, with particular reference to the Andrews Report . (edu.au)
  • Advances in the fields of DNA recovery, stem cell research, and the reconstruction of genomes have convinced current-day scientists that de-extinction may arrive sooner than expected, and in fact, several current projects are already beginning to prove them correct. (bionomicfuel.com)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first report of cloned mammalian offspring originating from nonviable cells. (cnrs.fr)
  • Attempts were then made to show that mammalian cells - and human cells in particular - could also be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state, because it is believed that such knowledge may advance our understanding of developmental mechanisms, and yield new approaches for disease treatment. (shawprize.org)
  • The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • is a British developmental biologist who was the first to use nuclear transfer of differentiated adult cells to generate a mammalian clone, a Finn Dorset sheep named Dolly, born in 1996. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kanegae, Y., Efficient gene activation in mammalian cells by using recombinant adenovirus expressing site-specific Cre recombinase. (riken.jp)
  • Whether the new organism is produced by fertilization or by cloning, each new human organism is a distinct entity. (actionlife.org)
  • XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • … "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
  • The fertilized egg is considered totipotent, as it can develop into a whole organism, while the cells in the embryo are pluripotent because they are capable of differentiating into somatic cells that make up all the organs. (shawprize.org)
  • At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
  • If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)
  • Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
  • At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)
  • In 2004, Yamanaka began working at Kyoto University as a professor, where he studied factors that help an organism fend off retroviruses, which are single-stranded RNA viruses that can incorporate their genetic material into the DNA of a host cell. (asu.edu)
  • Similarly, there was interest in using the procedure to produce cloned tissue and organs for possible future transplantation in the nuclear donor and perhaps other tissue- compatible recipients. (who.int)
  • However, ethical problems were foreseen with the production by cloning of fully formed and functioning organs, as participants could not envisage how such organs could be made without first producing a cloned embryo and allowing it to grow, at least partially, through the fetal stage of development. (who.int)
  • Even though each cadaveric organ donor can often supply multiple organs for transplantation, many patients still die before a suitable organ becomes available. (scialert.net)
  • 1999). Majority of the organs for transplantation are donated from patients in whom brain-stem death has been diagnosed and who are then ventilated to maintain adequate oxygenation and circulation-the so called non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) (D Allessandro et al . (scialert.net)
  • During the development of vertebrates, including humans, the fertilized egg develops into the embryo, and the cells in the embryo then proceed to differentiate to form somatic cells of different tissues and organs. (shawprize.org)
  • The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Blastocytes obtained through nuclear transfers would be used to generate the embryonic stem cells that could be differentiated to specific tissues or organs for transfer to the nuclear donor. (spiked-online.com)
  • As the cell begins to divide, scientists believe stem cells can be extracted and grown into tissue or organs. (boloji.com)
  • Involve transplantation of nonhuman tissues or organs into human recipients. (essays.io)
  • Modern study shows that organs from cloned pigs produce organs that can be used in a human transplant. (essays.io)
  • These cytokines amplify the immune response, resulting in formation of mononuclear cell infiltrates and noncaseating granulomas in target organs where beryllium has deposited. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Since the birth of Dolly in February of 1997, the idea of cloning has been in the minds of people all over the world. (westerncarolinian.com)
  • Some lawmakers agree and have introduced a bill that would ban any efforts to produce human clones but would permit somatic cell nuclear transplantation, the type of cloning used in the creation of Dolly in Scotland. (westerncarolinian.com)
  • Thus, Dolly was the first example of the reprogramming of the adult cell back to totipotency in a mammal. (shawprize.org)
  • His research laid the foundation for the cloning of animals, including the famous cloning of "Dolly the sheep" by Ian Wilmut in 1996. (observervoice.com)
  • It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
  • What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly was an exact genetic copy of that sheep - a clone. (wptv.com)
  • In fact, one of the coauthors of the paper announcing Dolly worked in our laboratory for three years prior to going to Scotland to help create the famous clone. (wptv.com)
  • In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)
  • By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
  • Dolly the sheep is the world most famous cloned animal known. (essays.io)
  • To make Dolly, researchers isolated a somatic cell from adult female sheep. (essays.io)
  • Yamanaka also noted that experiments in cloning Dolly the sheep in 1996, conducted by Ian Wilmut, Angelica Schnieke, Jim McWhir, Alex Kind, and Keith Campbell at the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland, influenced his work. (asu.edu)
  • Hwang and colleagues report that the cells are chromosomally normal, self-renewing and "pluripotent" - meaning they have the ability to form the three major types of cells in the early embryo that give rise to all other cells in the body. (scienceblog.com)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells, another types of pluripotent stem cells derived from any tissue by reprogramming and are the homologous source of stem cells. (benthamscience.com)
  • The scientists honoured by the 2008 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine used different approaches to reprogramme an adult cell into the totipotent or pluripotent state, and in doing so made important contributions to potential new approaches to improve agriculture practices and to treat human diseases. (shawprize.org)
  • The first pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been generated from somatic cell nuclear transfer, according to a study published today (October 5) in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
  • The advance here is the proof that somatic cell nuclear transfer can work [in human cells] and can fully reset the donor cell genome to a pluripotent state," said Harvard Medical School's George Daley , who was not affiliated with the study. (the-scientist.com)
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer has shown limited success in animal studies, which have successfully isolated pluripotent cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • The resulting clone developed into a microscopic embryo, which survived long enough for pluripotent stem cell lines to be derived. (the-scientist.com)
  • Noggle said the findings may also pave the way for better induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which form when somatic cells are regressed to a pluripotent state through the use of genetic factors. (the-scientist.com)
  • The term stem cell is generally used to describe cells that are totipotent , pluripotent , or multipotent . (citizendium.org)
  • Pluripotent cells may differentiate to cells of most types, and multipotent cells are capable only of differentiating to certain types within a group of cells that perform similar functions. (citizendium.org)
  • These cells are considered pluripotent . (thefutureofthings.com)
  • They received this prestigious award for their groundbreaking work on reprogramming adult cells into pluripotent stem cells, a discovery that revolutionized the field of regenerative medicine. (observervoice.com)
  • The cells giving rise to the foetus, are called pluripotent embryonic stem cells, since they can form every cell type in the body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pluripotent stem cells differentiate further into cells commonly called multipotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent study indicates that even adult humans might harbor cells resembling pluripotent embryonic stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. (asu.edu)
  • They called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation. (asu.edu)
  • Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, along with John Gurdon, as their work showed scientists how to reprogram mature cells to become pluripotent. (asu.edu)
  • Other research groups such as Masako Tada's group in Japan in 2001 and Chad CowanÆs group in Massachusetts in 2005 combined embryonic stem cells with somatic cells to produce pluripotent cells. (asu.edu)
  • After these experiments with somatic cells, Takahashi and Yamanaka hypothesized that there were common factors, genes in particular, which caused somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells. (asu.edu)
  • In 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka selected twenty-four candidate genes as factors that they hypothesized could possibly induce somatic cells to become pluripotent, and they began to test them one at a time. (asu.edu)
  • The proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells give rise to progeny that can populate the entire immunologic and hematopoietic systems through committed progenitors of both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (medscape.com)
  • She was cloned by scientists at Texas A&M University in conjunction with Genetic Savings & Clone Inc. CC's surrogate mother was a tabby, but her genetic donor, Rainbow, was a calico domestic shorthair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Is the Coat Color and Spot Pattern of Cloned Animals the Same as Their Genetic Donor? (wikipedia.org)
  • No ethical problems were envisaged with the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer techniques which would lead directly to cloned differentiated cells or tissues such as skin, for future use by the nuclear donor. (who.int)
  • To usage of fetal transgenic satellite television cells for nuclear transfer Prior, sex recognition of transgenic cell lines singled out from one cell cloning is certainly required because the gender of transgenic 217087-09-7 manufacture embryo can end up being motivated by sex recognition of nuclear donor cells. (researchensemble.com)
  • However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A matured oocyte (c) is then enucleated (d) and a donor cell is transferred into the enucleated oocyte (e). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most of these efforts are focused on donor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This method is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" or SCNT. (scienceblog.com)
  • The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
  • This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)
  • The Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction organized a second interregional and interdisciplinary meeting on cloning (Geneva, 24 October 1997), in conjunction with a regular session of its Scientific and Ethical Review Group. (who.int)
  • the transplantation law was passed in 1997 (Kleidienst et al . (scialert.net)
  • Totipotent cells have the capacity to differentiate to all cell types, including somatic cells, germ cells, and certain cells that exist outside the embryo and are important to fetal development that are termed extraembryonic cells. (citizendium.org)
  • A fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total, and as the fertilized egg divides all the cells in the embryo remain totipotent until the fertilized egg has reached the 8/16-cell stage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
  • BACKGROUND: â ¢ Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are multipotent self-renewing cells that can be isolated from the brain or spinal cord. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are adult stem cells, located in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. (intechopen.com)
  • Different phenotypes and subtypes of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), such as early and late EPCs, have been described according to their functionality. (intechopen.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are necessary for life-long blood production and replenishment of the hematopoietic system during stress. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) sustain life-long hematopoiesis and are first detected in the embryo by transplantation at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Suetsugu A., Differentiation of mouse hepatic progenitor cells induced by hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 and cell transplantation in mice with liver fibrosis. (riken.jp)
  • The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, researchers must develop methods to efficiently direct the differentiation of embryonic stem cells to specific stable cell types. (scienceblog.com)
  • Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
  • For the first time researchers can now compare iPSC differentiation to the same process an egg goes through after the transfer of a somatic cell genome. (the-scientist.com)
  • The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Monolayer cultures of NSPCs at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th passages were cultured for approximately 14 days using a differentiation medium and were observed to successfully differentiate into neural lineage and glial cells (astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes) at all the three passages tested. (bvsalud.org)
  • The exact process of differentiation is not yet understood and although embryonic stem cells can, in principle, provide for all human tissue, scientists are some way from controlling the process. (spiked-online.com)
  • 2017). MMP-2 and MMP-14 Silencing Inhibits VEGFR2 Cleavage and Induces the Differentiation of Porcine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Endothelial Cells. (sciendo.com)
  • Osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells and the influence of hypoxia. (sciendo.com)
  • This work challenged the prevailing belief that cell differentiation was irreversible and opened the door to the field of cloning. (observervoice.com)
  • In the subsequent years, Gurdon continued to study nuclear transplantation in various organisms and made important discoveries related to cell differentiation. (observervoice.com)
  • The established dogma has however been challenged by recent findings suggesting that multipotent stem cells have a broader differentiation potential than previously thought. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Colleoni S., Broccoli V., Galli C., Lazzari G. "Peripheral and central neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. (istitutospallanzani.it)
  • Sir John Bertrand Gurdon further developed nuclear transplantation, the technique used to clone organisms and to create stem cells, while working in Britain in the second half of the twentieth century. (asu.edu)
  • In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
  • Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
  • In biology, cloning refers to the process of producing populations that look alike with identical genetics that happens naturally when organisms such as plants, insects or bacteria reproduce asexually (Langwith, 2012). (essays.io)
  • In biotechnology, cloning refers to the processes employed to develop copies of DNA portions of organisms or cells. (essays.io)
  • The United States' Department of Food and Drugs Administration approved the human consumption of meat and any other products from cloned animals on December 28, 2006, with no unique labeling needed because food from cloned animals had been proved to be the same to the organisms from which they were cloned. (essays.io)
  • For example, the stem cells can differentiate into cells that display characteristics of skin and retina cells, muscle cell bundles, bone matrix cells and cells of the gastrointestinal and respiratory lining. (scienceblog.com)
  • Mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) were first established in 2000, and then proved to be able to differentiate either in vivo or in vitro, and give rise to individual tissues through germ line transmission or tetraploid complementation. (benthamscience.com)
  • As the embryonic cells divide and the daughter cells differentiate, they become increasingly specific. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • These adult stem cells are considered multipotent, having the ability to differentiate into different cell types, albeit with a more limited repertoire than embryonic stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • CONCLUSION: â ¢ It is feasible to isolate and propagate (up to at least 10 passages) canine cervical spinal cord-derived NSPCs with the capacity to differentiate into neuronal and glial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to successfully isolate, propagate, and differentiate canine NSPCs derived from cervical spinal cord in the adult canine, and we believe that these cells will contribute to the field of spinal cord regeneration in veterinary and comparative medicine. (bvsalud.org)
  • Until recently it was considered a fact that, for example, hematopoietic stem cells did not have the potential to differentiate into cells of other types than the cells constituting the blood system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Latest research have got demonstrated that fetal skeletal muscles satellite television cells possess a versatile potential to end up being utilized for transgenic pet creation by somatic cell nuclear transfer technique because these cells are muscle-derived control cells that can possibly expand and differentiate. (researchensemble.com)
  • Every human being begins as a single-cell zygote, grows through the embryonic stage, then the fetal stage, is born and develops through infancy, through childhood, and through adulthood, until death. (actionlife.org)
  • Bovine fetal mesenchymal stem cells exert antiproliferative efect against mastitis causing pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. (sciendo.com)
  • Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mam-malian cells. (chinagene.cn)
  • Intra-articular injection of expanded autologous bone marrow mesenchymal cells in moderate and severe knee osteoarthritis is safe: a phase I/II study. (sciendo.com)
  • Use of a chronic model of articular cartilage and meniscal injury for the assessment of long-term effects after autologous mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in Steep. (sciendo.com)
  • The patient went on to have chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation with a good outcome. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • These cells are commonly termed embryonic germ (EG) cells because they are derived from primordial germ cells found at the genital ridges in developing fetuses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background This study was performed to explain the basic methods to isolate and culture of primary satellite cells (PSCs) obtained from 50 to 60-day-old sheep fetuses, single cell cloning of transfected sexing and PSCs of PSCs based on the ZFY/ZFX, amelogenin and high-motility-group (HMG) box sequences. (researchensemble.com)
  • Developmental defects, including abnormalities in cloned fetuses and placentas, in addition to high rates of pregnancy loss and neonatal death have been encountered by every research team studying somatic cloning. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CC, for "CopyCat" or "Carbon Copy" (December 22, 2001 - March 3, 2020), was a brown tabby and white domestic shorthair and the first cloned pet. (wikipedia.org)
  • In July of 2001, the House of Representatives voted 265-162 to ban human cloning for any purpose. (westerncarolinian.com)
  • Scientists have isolated the first human embryonic stem cell lines specifically tailored to match the nuclear DNA of patients, both males and females of various ages, suffering from disease or spinal cord injury. (scienceblog.com)
  • The work also moves scientists one step closer to the goal of transplanting healthy cells into humans to replace cells damaged by diseases such as Parkinson's and diabetes. (scienceblog.com)
  • From the 31 nuclear-transfer blastocysts, the scientists derived 11 stem cell lines. (scienceblog.com)
  • Scientists anticipate that in the future stem cell lines will provide a virtually unending supply of pancreatic cells for diabetic patients, neuronal cells for patients with neural disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease, and a host of heart cells that may treat a variety of cardiac problems. (spiked-online.com)
  • It might be expected that the richest nation on Earth would encourage its top scientists to pursue this work with vigor rather than limiting funding opportunities, creating legal barriers and fencing off any newly developed cell lines. (spiked-online.com)
  • Takahashi and Yamanaka's 2006 and 2007 experiments showed that scientists can prompt adult body cells to dedifferentiate, or lose specialized characteristics, and behave similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (asu.edu)
  • If one of the infected cells showed G418 resistance, then the scientists would know that one of the twenty-four genes influenced the cell to become an embryonic stem cell-like cell. (asu.edu)
  • Although the clone only survived a few minutes, the project served as a precursor to the current de-extinction movement, giving scientists reason to believe that other extinct candidates like the dodo, the great auk, and the thylacine, could be next. (bionomicfuel.com)
  • The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
  • Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)
  • But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. (wptv.com)
  • However, tissue rejection following ESCs derivatives transplantation greatly hinders its application. (benthamscience.com)
  • If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
  • It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
  • The term stem cell is also used in reference to any adult cells that are capable of assisting in the restoration of adult tissue via self-renewal. (citizendium.org)
  • In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • OBJECTIVE To evaluate gene expression and DNA copy number in adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and in ADSC-derived neurosphere-like cell clusters (ADSC-NSCs) generated from tissues of chronically paraplegic dogs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Current screening of potential new drugs is done using cell lines derived from animals or 'abnormal' human tissue such as tumor cells. (spiked-online.com)
  • The resulting tissue will be an almost exact genetic match to the patient and will therefore not face rejection and transplantation can be made much safer without the need for immune suppression. (spiked-online.com)
  • Thus, it has been shown that early EPCs release cytokines that promote tissue regeneration and neovasculogenesis, whereas late EPC and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) contribute to the formation of blood vessels and stimulate tube formation. (intechopen.com)
  • Equine mesenchymal stem cells from bonemarrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord:immunophenotypic characterization anddifferentiation potential. (sciendo.com)
  • Adipose Tissue- and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Sheep: Culture Characteristics. (sciendo.com)
  • Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) describes solid plasma cell tumours of soft-tissue origin as opposed to solitary plasmacytoma of bone. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • We report that the WNV-capsid (Cp) by itself induces rapid nuclear condensation and cell death in tissue culture. (cdc.gov)
  • In the experiments, Gurdon conducted nuclear transplantation, or cloning, of differentiated cells, or cells that have already specialized to become one cell type or another, in tadpoles. (asu.edu)
  • Half a century ago, it was found by John Gurdon that this developmental clock can be reversed, and that differentiated somatic cells in a frog model could regain their pluripotency or totipotency. (shawprize.org)
  • In 2009, Gurdon was also honored with the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award, recognizing his pioneering work in developmental biology and nuclear transplantation. (observervoice.com)
  • In his original report, Thompson demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells could be coaxed into developing gut-like structures, bone, cartilage and muscle (1). (spiked-online.com)
  • The potential of intra-articular injection of chondrogenic-induced bone marrow stem cells to retard the progression of osteoarthritis in a sheep model. (sciendo.com)
  • The prognosis of some patients with infantile osteopetrosis can markedly change after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (medscape.com)
  • To understand the etiology of osteopetrosis, it is very essential to understand the bone-remodeling cycle and the cell biology of osteoclasts. (medscape.com)
  • In 1999, Baron clearly and concisely reviewed the cell biology of the bone remodeling. (medscape.com)
  • in 1956 and Till and McCulloch in 1961, demonstrating that lethally irradiated mice could be rescued with cells from freshly isolated bone marrow [ 10 ] and that BM cells formed spleen clonies (CFU-S) following transplantation to irradiated recipients [ 30 ], respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This pattern goes on so that each of the trillions of cells in an adult is genetically exactly the same - whether it's in a lung or a bone or the blood. (wptv.com)
  • blood transfusion), spinal cord, lung cancer (oncology), respiratory cancer, radiology Background Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells mostly affecting the bone marrow and commonly presents with anaemia, hypercalcaemia, renal dysfunction, bone and skeletal involvement. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are usually the result of intrinsic stem cell/progenitor defects. (medscape.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (bone marrow, cord blood, or peripheral blood stem cells) may cure aplastic anemia and prevent myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia. (medscape.com)
  • 15]. The percentage of bone common of which are trisomy 8, mono- marrow blast cells for estimation of the Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is somy 7 and 5q- [11]. (who.int)
  • In June 2002, numerous international organizations joined the Collective in issuing a statement on human cloning in which they called on Congress to pass a strong, effective ban on using human cloning to create a human being. (boloji.com)
  • It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
  • Adult stem cells hold great promise in mitigating much of the ethical debate over embryonic stem cell use. (citizendium.org)
  • Stem cells are at the forefront of medical research and incite some of the most controversial ethical and religious debates worldwide. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Human cloning has emerged to be among the greatest ethical debates in our era, with most states expressing their opposition or acceptance in the process. (essays.io)
  • Many ethical myths such as the role of God, the soul as well as the quality of life that the clones would live has become the basis for many arguments against cloning. (essays.io)
  • The ethical and legal controversies that were aroused in the ART debates during the 1980s have been re-ignited with the development of stem cell technology. (edu.au)
  • The report arose out of a recommendation for the Committee to review the report of the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) of the NHMRC entitled Scientific, Ethical and Regulatory Considerations Relevant to Cloning of Human Beings (hereafter the AHEC Report ). (edu.au)
  • 1998). In parallel to the in vivo approach, a bacterial protein expression system was established, leading to the production of recombinant Nph1 and Nph3 for use in future in vitro experiments.Analysis of Nph3 expression in Nph3-KI mice was performed by assaying brain sections for beta-galactosidase activity, based on the co-expression of beta-galactosidase from Nph3-expressing cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Since the successful attempt of animal cloning, various experiments has been placed under way to shed more light on this process. (essays.io)
  • The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
  • To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
  • When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
  • When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)
  • Even while clones are genetically identical, their phenotypes - the characteristics they express - will be different. (wptv.com)
  • In theory, and to some extent in practice, an 8-cell embryo can be divided into eight single cells, and each cell has the potential of generating an individual if implanted in a woman's uterus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gurdon's experiment showed that differentiated adult cells could be induced to an undifferentiated state, where they could once again become multiple cell types. (asu.edu)
  • Yamanaka claimed that Gurdon's work in reprogramming mature cells in frogs ( Xenopus ) in 1962 influenced his own work in reprogramming differentiated cells. (asu.edu)
  • Stem cells are emerging as an important source of material for diseases in regenerative medicine. (benthamscience.com)
  • Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)
  • This could allow us to create cells that are useful for transplantation for a variety of diseases without the problem of immunological rejection," said Noggle in a press briefing. (the-scientist.com)
  • The Society is concerned that a ban on nuclear transplantation might thwart research directed at finding cures and treatments for diseases and disabilities which solely, predominantly or differently affect women,' says their president, Phyllis Greenberger. (boloji.com)
  • Rabbit polyclonal to Parp.Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), also designated PARP, is a nuclear DNA-bindingzinc finger protein that influences DNA repair, DNA replication, modulation of chromatin structure,and apoptosis. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells under pressure. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors are tasked with maintaining hematopoietic homeostasis in the face of numerous insults and challenges, including infection, inflammation, and exsanguination. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Joint meeting fo the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA), the International Pancreas and Islet Transplant Association (IPITA), and the Cell Transplant Society, September 15th-20th, 2007, Minneapolis, Minnesota. (istitutospallanzani.it)
  • Adipose stem cells in reparative goat mastitis mammary gland. (sciendo.com)
  • From the 185 donated oocytes, endowed with the genetic material from a different person (or in one case, the same person), the researchers report development of 31 hollow balls of cells called "human nuclear-transfer blastocysts. (scienceblog.com)
  • The ten additional new lines resulted from nuclear transfer with skin cells of males or females and oocytes from biologically-unrelated females. (scienceblog.com)
  • More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
  • A breakthrough in somatic cell nuclear transfer opens the possibility of producing human embryonic stem cells with a patient's own genes. (the-scientist.com)
  • In humans, somatic transfer has been less fruitful-the egg cell quits dividing and often dies after nuclear transfer. (the-scientist.com)
  • Here, the stem cell line is created using the genetic properties of the prospective recipient via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (spiked-online.com)
  • Human nuclear cell transfer is legal in the UK, but is liable to become a criminal act in the USA pending an upcoming vote in the Senate. (spiked-online.com)
  • Should the use of nuclear transfer ever become widespread there will be an urgent need for human egg donors and it is unlikely that the willing population will be sufficient to meet demand. (spiked-online.com)
  • The sheep were cloned through somatic nuclear transfer from the udder cell of a six-year-old sheep in the year 1996 after 276 failed attempts. (essays.io)
  • The upcoming objective is certainly to apply these cells for the creation of transgenic lamb by somatic cell nuclear transfer technique. (researchensemble.com)
  • As an important sub-field in the study of animal cloning, fish nuclear transfer was first established in the early 1960s by Chinese embryologists. (chinagene.cn)
  • Due to its advantages, zebrafish has become a unique animal model to study the mystery of reprogramming in nuclear transfer. (chinagene.cn)
  • A comprehensive understand-ing of the mechanism for epigenetic modification following nuclear transfer, such as genomic DNA methylation and histone acetylation and/or methylation, will likely increase the success rate and eventually lead to the future freedom of cloning technique. (chinagene.cn)
  • Nuclear transfer and reprogramming in fish[J]. HEREDITAS, 2013, 35(4): 433-440. (chinagene.cn)
  • 12] Lee KY, Huang HG, Ju BS, Yang ZG, Lin S. Cloned ze-brafish by nuclear transfer from long-term-cultured cells. (chinagene.cn)
  • Various strategies have been used to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer, however, significant breakthroughs are yet to happen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the efficiency of nuclear transfer has been dramatically improved from the initial success rate of one live clone born from 277 embryo transfers [ 1 ], none of the aforementioned efforts abolished the common problems associated with nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the use of diphtheria toxin -- which is far more toxic to human cells than mouse cells -- to destroy the human neurons in the mice reversed the observed improvements in motor function. (citizendium.org)
  • This result suggests that the observed increase in motor function was indeed produced by neurons derived from the human embryonic stem cells. (citizendium.org)
  • Ethically, since eventually all such "research" will be applied to people, he cautions against the abuse of women "egg" donors, and against the premature use of vulnerable sick human patients for testing supposedly "patient-specific" stem cells in supposed "therapies", pointing to the obvious violations of standard international research ethics guidelines such clinical trials would necessarily entail. (lifeissues.net)
  • As he has questioned the HFEA before, would not the use of vulnerable human patients in clinical trials be premature, dangerous, and unethical given the already acquired knowledge in the research community that such supposed "patient-specific" stem cells would most probably cause serious immune rejection reactions in these patients? (lifeissues.net)
  • In laboratory culture, these cell lines displayed signs of immunological compatibility with the patients' cells, Science authors reported. (scienceblog.com)
  • The stem cell lines produced from patients with disease will likely display characteristics of the disease, so they will probably not be appropriate for direct use in treating patients. (scienceblog.com)
  • Other improvements over the last paper include the reduced use of animal products in laboratory procedures and better evidence that the cell lines matched the patients' cells and did not have a parthenogenetic origin, where unfertilized eggs can divide on their own. (scienceblog.com)
  • The most common application of adult stem cells is probably the restoration of blood cells for patients with leukemia, and there are many more applications currently in practice. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Banking of multiple cell lines with varying genetic spectrum that can be matched to patients is one possibility. (spiked-online.com)
  • Investigations On admission the patients blood count was normal: haemoglobin 138 g/L, white cell count 5.14109/L with a normal differential and platelets 256109/L. Chemistry was normal with no evidence of renal failure or hypercalcaemia. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • All patients can evolve into trisomy 8+ MDS [12], cells, since acquiring adequate samples diagnosed with MDS have a reduced in which 8+ appears to confer a favour- for flow cytometric analysis renders the life expectancy compared with age- able prognosis [13]. (who.int)
  • The essence of MDS is damage of In the current work we examined All our patients were of the high-risk colony-forming units [4], but the defect haematopoietic stem cells of high-risk group and none of them was eligible of the haematopoietic stem cells is not MDS cases for apoptotic and anti-apop- for stem cell transplantation. (who.int)
  • Osteoblasts arise from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. (medscape.com)
  • Examples of multipotent stem cells are those producing blood, nerve and muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multipotent stem cells are present in the adult individual as well as the fetus and umbilical cord. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although several reports indicate an ability of multipotent stem cells to produce cells even outside their normal limits, most of these findings remain highly controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What is more, by deriving NT-ESCs from patient cells, the problem of immune rejection may be avoided. (benthamscience.com)
  • Cross-species transplantation was possible without the rejection of the human embryonic stem cells by the mice's immune systems because the mice were genetically modified to suppress certain immune responses that would have interfered with transplantation. (citizendium.org)
  • Not only might stem cell technology obviate the need for cadaver donation - it could also resolve the problem of rejection. (spiked-online.com)
  • Since the one cell cloning became the hurdle of making gene concentrating on duplicate, 217087-09-7 manufacture we attempted Slc2a3 to derive the transgenic cell lines from satellite television cells transfected with pEGFP-N1 plasmid as a model of transgenic satellite television cell. (researchensemble.com)
  • Characterization of DNA binding, transcriptional activation, and regulated nuclear association of recombinant human NFATp. (colorado.edu)
  • A recombinant form of PDC is cloned and used to detect the presence of AMA in serum via EIA. (medscape.com)
  • hEPCs have been used for cell-based therapies due to their capacity to contribute in the re-endothelialization of injured blood vessels and neovascularization in ischemic tissues. (intechopen.com)
  • Thus, a kind of 'regenerative medicine' gives people access to therapies derived from their own cells. (boloji.com)
  • Review of Critical Article: Cobbe, 'Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
  • See Neville Cobbe, "Why the apparent haste to clone humans? (lifeissues.net)
  • Properly controlled, adequately sized studies have yet to demonstrate that human embryonic stem cells have medical value in humans. (citizendium.org)
  • In rodents, and even in some preliminary trials in humans, human embryonic stem cells have been shown to bridge gaps in spinal cord injuries , allowing restoration of motor functions. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Relatively, this paper seeks to answer the questions as to whether cloning would help the society and whether it is ethically responsible to clone humans to create new lives. (essays.io)
  • Stem cell technology in humans derives from earlier and complementary work in animal studies. (edu.au)
  • Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)
  • In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)
  • They further created a sheep called Polly in which they showed that it was possible to incorporate a human gene into the donor's DNA before cloning, thus indicating that it may be possible to use animals to produce human proteins for the benefit of mankind. (shawprize.org)
  • in comparison, muscle-derived satellite television cells research are uncommon in animals, such as lamb and cows. (researchensemble.com)
  • Our results offer an fresh basis for the comprehensive analysis and program of satellite television cells in various other areas, such as animals mating. (researchensemble.com)
  • These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
  • instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. (wptv.com)
  • She lived to six and a half years, when she was eventually put down after a contagious disease spread through her flock, infecting cloned and normally reproduced sheep alike. (wptv.com)
  • Alternatively, transgenesis and gene targeting techniques can be used to introduce the patient's genes into the stem cell line. (spiked-online.com)
  • As a first step, the Nph3 gene was cloned and its exon-intron structure was mapped. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Each gene was inserted near the mouse Fbx15 gene, a gene that embryonic stem cells express during development in mice. (asu.edu)
  • Capsid gene delivery into the striatum of mouse brain or interskeletal muscle resulted in cell death and inflammation, likely through capsid-induced apoptosis in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • The cloning of a synthetic WNV-Cp gene based on the reported NY-99 infectious strain was described earlier ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
  • In 1995, they produced a pair of lambs called Megan and Morag from embryonic cells. (shawprize.org)
  • your supposed cloning ban actually authorizes human cloning, implantation, and gestation through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
  • That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)