Nuclear pore protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

It consists of two concentric membranes perforated by nuclear pores, large protein complexes that form aqueous channels to regulate the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
This selectivity helps protect the DNA and is the job of machines that stud the envelope of the nucleus, called nuclear pore complexes. (sciencedaily.com)
Jan. 31, 2022 The nucleus is guarded by a highly secure door, the so-called nuclear pore, that controls the transport of substances from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus and back. (sciencedaily.com)
Due to the substantial progress in elucidation of the structure of the nuclear membrane and pore complex, recently novel autoantigens localised within the nucleus and the nuclear envelope have been investigated in more detail. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates bidirectional macromolecular traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. (mpg.de)
Through the nucleus pores. (wisc-online.com)
Pores in this membrane allow communication between the nucleus and the rest of the cell. (rug.nl)
The pores are filled with special proteins, called nucleoporins, which select what can move in or out of the nucleus. (rug.nl)
The nucleus is the headquarters of a cell and molecules constantly move across the nuclear membrane through pores. (rug.nl)
By turning their instruments toward the nuclear pore complex, a huge cluster of proteins that serves as a gateway to a cell's nucleus, the scientists say they have filled in the gaps left by other techniques and made important new discoveries about how the complex works. (labmanager.com)
The nuclear pore is a channel that allows transport of molecules in and out of the cell's nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
The RANBP2 protein helps regulate the transport of proteins and other molecules through the nuclear pore and helps modify proteins coming into or out of the nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
It is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains holes, the nuclear pores, through which traffic into and out of the nucleus takes place. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
For a long time it was believed that the function of the cell nucleus is merely DNA storage and that the nuclear envelope is just a hull to contain the genetic material. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
The nuclear membrane contains nuclear pore complexes, the bilateral gateways connecting the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm that allow transporting material into and out of the cellular nucleus. (atlasantibodies.com)
This transport includes RNA and ribosomal proteins moving from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and proteins (such as DNA polymerase and lamins), carbohydrates, signaling molecules, and lipids moving into the nucleus. (atlasantibodies.com)
Karyopherins are proteins that help eukaryotic cells transport molecules between their cytoplasm and nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
In most cases, karyopherin-mediated transport occurs through nuclear pores, which serve as a portal into and out of the nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
Karyopherins may act as imports (helping proteins enter the nucleus) or exports (helping proteins leave the nucleus) (i.e., helping proteins get out of the nucleus). (prospecbio.com)
Importin beta is a form of karyopherin that helps cargo proteins get into the nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
First, it binds importin alpha, a form of karyopherin that binds the cargo protein in the cytoplasm, before the cargo protein is imported into the nucleus through the nuclear pore driven by energy from the Ran gradient. (prospecbio.com)
Without the aid of the importin alpha adapter protein, Importin beta can transport proteins into the nucleus. (prospecbio.com)
RanGAP1 in turn helps move molecules through nuclear pores that serve as passageways in the nucleus, letting proteins and genetic material flow in and out of it. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
To travel between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, proteins must pass through a gateway called the nuclear pore complex (NPC). (mpg.de)
These NPC-tethered proteasomes may perform surveillance of NPC trafficking to ensure that only the correct proteins pass into, or out of, the nucleus. (mpg.de)
The nucleus: chromosomal DNA and its organization, the Nuclear Pore Complex and nucleus-cytoplasmic transport. (sns.it)
The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (prosci-inc.com)
NUP50 is a member of the FG-repeat containing nucleoporins that functions as a soluble cofactor in importin-alpha:beta-mediated nuclear protein import.The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (prosci-inc.com)
The viral DNA enters the nucleus through a nuclear pore and integrates (joins) with the DNA of the host cell. (rkm.com.au)
In the nucleus, in association with RANBP3, XPO1 binds cooperatively to the NES on its target protein and to the GTPase RAN in its active GTP-bound form (Ran-GTP). (thermofisher.com)
The directionality of the nuclear export is thought to be conferred by an asymmetric distribution of the GTP and GDP bound forms of Ran between the cytoplasm and nucleus. (thermofisher.com)
Tiny pores in the cell nucleus play an essential role for healthy aging by protecting and preserving the genetic material. (sflorg.com)
Human cells shield their genetic material inside the cell nucleus, protected by the nuclear membrane. (sflorg.com)
As the control center of the cell, the nucleus must be able to exchange important messenger molecules, metabolites or proteins with the rest of the cell. (sflorg.com)
The first suggests that disruption of the inner nuclear membrane and the nuclear lamina causes disorganization of nuclear chromatin and gene expression, while the second proposes that the mechanical strength of the cell nucleus is disrupted when the nuclear lamina is weakened leading to structural and signaling defects in mechanically stressed tissue such as muscle and heart. (medscape.com)
Artificially colored electron micrographs of HSV-1 at the cell membrane (a), in transport to the nucleus (b), and bound at a nuclear pore complex (NPC) embedded within the nuclear envelope (c). (lu.se)

8, 2020 Like wrenches made of Legos, SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes tighten or loosen DNA in our cells to control how genes are turned on and made into proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
So understanding what protein complexes look like and how they operate is the key to figuring out what makes cells tick. (labmanager.com)
Our new technique allows us to measure how components of large protein complexes are arranged in relation to one another," says Sandy Simon, head of the Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics . (labmanager.com)
This has the potential to give us important new information about how the nuclear pore complex functions, but we believe it can also be applied to other multi-protein complexes such as those involved in DNA transcription, protein synthesis or viral replication. (labmanager.com)
One problem is that there is a "resolution gap" between the two techniques primarily used to visualize protein complexes. (labmanager.com)
The scientists used the technique to study nuclear pore complexes in both budding yeast and human cells. (labmanager.com)
Because the proteins' fluorescence can be measured while the cells are still alive, it could give scientists new insights into how protein complexes react to varying environmental conditions, and how their configurations change over time. (labmanager.com)
Only small molecules can freely diffuse through the nuclear pore complexes. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
Larger molecules such as proteins and messenger RNA complexes need to be actively transported to reach their destination. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
This transport process is highly complex: In a single human cell, there can be up to 5,000 nuclear pore complexes and each can transport 1,000 molecules per second. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
A cellular transport disease is caused by defects at the nuclear pore complexes resulting in traffic jams at the cellular and nuclear membranes. (atlasantibodies.com)
They are large protein complexes that defend the cell by destroying misfolded and mislocalized proteins. (mpg.de)
The peroxisomal protein import machinery, which shares similarities with chloroplasts, is unique in transporting folded and large (up to 10 nm in diameter) protein complexes into peroxisomes. (tcdb.org)
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the central apparatus of nucleocytoplasmic transport. (bvsalud.org)
Protein complexes, which are formed as a result of these interactions, consist of two or more components that associate along specific pathways - protein association pathways. (lu.se)

The mutant gene makes RNA molecules that stick to a transport protein, RanGAP1. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
So, in the center of the pore there is no hole, but a shield of wiggly, spaghetti-like molecules. (sflorg.com)
They bind to structural components (emerin, nesprin), chromatin components (histone), signal transduction molecules (protein kinase C), and several gene regulatory molecules. (medscape.com)

Through mechanisms that remain poorly defined, defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport and accumulations of specific nuclear-pore-complex-associated proteins have been reported in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including C9orf72 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia (ALS/FTD). (nih.gov)

The nucleoporin protein encoded by this gene displays evolutionarily conserved interactions with other nucleoporins. (wikipedia.org)
These gatekeepers have proved largely inscrutable to researchers over the years, despite their conspicuously large size (they are made of 30 different proteins, or nucleoporins), but bit by bit, scientists are learning how these machines work. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers have also shown that one member of the three-protein structure interacts promiscuously with two nucleoporins as do other proteins in the nuclear pore, supporting a model of a flexible complex that can rearrange itself into different formations. (sciencedaily.com)
Now that we realize that promiscuity may be a major factor in the nuclear pore complex - that the nucleoporins have different ways of interacting with each other - the complex is no longer just a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle," Hoelz says. (sciencedaily.com)
Of the 23 nucleoporins evaluated, we observed a reduction in a subset of 8, including key components of the nuclear pore complex scaffold and the transmembrane nucleoporin POM121. (nih.gov)
Therefore, scientists constructed artificial pores in which they placed a designer protein that mimicked the most common characteristics of real nucleoporins. (rug.nl)
The pore itself is a big protein complex and the opening of the pore is filled with a dense network of disordered proteins called nucleoporins. (rug.nl)
This protein is based on the average properties of a class of Nucleoporins rich in the amino acid motif Glycine-Leucine-Phenylalanine-Glycine. (rug.nl)
The nucleoporins were tested for interactions with non-specific proteins and with chaperones, which are proteins that act as transport tickets through the pore. (rug.nl)
The artificial nucleoporins selectively interacted with the chaperones but not with the non-specific proteins. (rug.nl)
The simulations also revealed how the FG and the GLFG nucleoporins were distributed inside the pore. (rug.nl)
Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. (prosci-inc.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the FG-repeat containing nucleoporins that functions as a soluble cofactor in importin-alpha:beta-mediated nuclear protein import. (prosci-inc.com)
The nucleoporins Nup170p and Nup157p are essential for nuclear pore complex assembly. (livecareer.com)
The image shows an artistic impression of the rocky scaffold structure of the nuclear pore complex filled with intrinsically disordered nucleoporins in the central channel depicted as seaweeds. (sflorg.com)
In this work, the viewer dives into the dark hole of the nuclear pore complex to shine light on the disordered nucleoporins. (sflorg.com)
Several studies have revealed interactions between SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and host nucleoporins, yet their functions are largely unknown. (bvsalud.org)
We found that ORF6 protein disrupted nuclear rim staining of nucleoporins RAE1 and NUP98. (bvsalud.org)

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) serves as the sole gate between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm and contains several different nuclear pore proteins such as nucleoporin p62. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
Eight filaments project from the NPC into the cytoplasm and are proposed to function in nuclear import. (mpg.de)
These intracellular aggregations of misfolded proteins, such as the nuclear TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) that accumulates in the cytoplasm, are toxic to the affected neurons and are thought to contribute to neuronal cell death. (atlasantibodies.com)
In order to establish infection, the virus must reverse transcribe its single stranded RNA genome into double stranded DNA, traverse the cytoplasm and cross the nuclear membrane, after which it integrates into the host chromosome ( Bukrinsky, 2004 ). (elifesciences.org)
Proteins targeted to the peroxisome (in plants called glyoxisomes) are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and are targeted to the peroxisome post-translationally, possibly via multiple pathways. (tcdb.org)
Upon transit of a nuclear complex into the cytoplasm, disassembling of the complex and hydrolysis of Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP cause release of the cargo from the export receptor. (thermofisher.com)

Nuclear pore complex protein Nup133, or Nucleoporin Nup133, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUP133 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Recently several novel autoantibodies against a variety of specific nuclear pore proteins have been described, including the nucleoporin p62. (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
Collectively, our data suggest that the expression of expanded C9orf72 ALS/FTD repeat RNA alone affects nuclear POM121 expression in the initiation of a pathological cascade affecting nucleoporin levels within neuronal nuclei and ultimately downstream neuronal survival. (nih.gov)
Here, we report an oncogenic role of the nucleoporin TPR (translocated promoter region, nuclear basket protein) in regulating HSF1 (heat shock transcription factor 1) mRNA trafficking, maintaining MTORC1 activity to phosphorylate ULK1, and preventing macroautophagy/autophagy induction in ependymoma. (bvsalud.org)

These nuclei efficiently imported nuclear localization sequence (NLS) or M9 substrates. (mpg.de)
Using high-resolution averaging and nanometer-precision localization, they observed that tethering proteins attach these proteasomes to two sites on the nuclear side of the NPC: the NPC's nuclear basket and the membrane encircling the NPC. (mpg.de)
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)

Starting from native material or recombinant systems, we succeed with all types of membrane proteins: GPCRs, Ion Channels, Transporters, Receptors and Viral Proteins. (calixar.com)
Membrane proteins and small soluble proteins are able to diffuse through the NPC without importin. (mpg.de)
2011 ) have reviewed the processes by which matrix and membrane proteins are incorporated into the peroxysome. (tcdb.org)
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the minimal transport machinery includes the membrane proteins Pex13 and Pex14 and the cargo-protein-binding transport receptor, Pex5. (tcdb.org)
Most peroxisomal membrane proteins do not have PTS1 or PTS2, and insertion requires several peroxins distinct from those required for import of soluble matrix proteins. (tcdb.org)
Whatever the true mechanism, the discovery of mutations in several different nuclear membrane proteins that cause similar diseases will likely eventually lead to a better understanding of nuclear membrane physiology and the pathophysiology of diseases caused by mutations in these proteins. (medscape.com)

The X protein of hepatitis B virus activates hepatoma cell proliferation through repressing melanoma inhibitory activity 2 gene. (nih.gov)
After genetically attaching fluorescent markers to individual components of the nuclear pore complex, the scientists replaced the cell's own copy of the gene that encodes the protein with the new form that has the fluorescent tag. (labmanager.com)
The RANBP2 gene provides instructions for making a protein that interacts with a protein complex known as the nuclear pore. (medlineplus.gov)
RANBP2 gene mutations that are associated with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1 result in the production of a protein that cannot function normally either due to altered shape or because it cannot get to the nuclear pore where it is needed. (medlineplus.gov)
This is far from the truth: Recent research on premature aging diseases has shown that the correct composition of the nuclear envelope is essential for the maintenance of nuclear shape, DNA stability and regulated gene expression. (cosmeticsdesign.com)
The disease is caused by mutations in the AAAS gene (12q13), coding for the ALADIN nuclear pore scaffolding protein. (orpha.net)
In 5 of 6 gene mutations that have been shown to cause EDMD, the affected protein is present in the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. (medscape.com)
EDMD1 is caused by mutations in the EMD gene on the X chromosome that codes for the nuclear envelope protein emerin. (medscape.com)
Emerin is a ubiquitous inner nuclear membraneprotein, presentin nearly all cell types, although its highest expression is in skeletal and cardiacmuscle.Emerin binds to many nuclear proteins, including several gene-regulatory proteins (eg, barrier-to-autointegration factor, germ cell-less, Btf), nesprins (proteins that act as molecular scaffolds), F-actin, and lamins. (medscape.com)
New mutations have been found in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 1 ( SYNE1 ) gene and in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 2 ( SYNE2 ) gene in a few families, also termed Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, respectively. (medscape.com)

The nuclear envelope creates distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
These recent findings provide a coherent mechanistic framework for axon-soma communication in the injured nerve and shed light on the integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport in all eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membranes that folds, modifies, and transports proteins in eukaryotic cells. (cshlpress.com)

The team led by Gerhard Hummer, Director at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, and Edward Lemke, Professor for Synthetic Biophysics at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and Adjunct Director at the Institute of Molecular Biology Mainz (IMB) has now used a novel combination of synthetic biology, multidimensional fluorescence microscopy and computer-based simulations to study nuclear pore IDPs in living cells. (sflorg.com)

This protein, which localizes to both sides of the nuclear pore complex at interphase, remains associated with the complex during mitosis and is targeted at early stages to the reforming nuclear envelope. (wikipedia.org)
2 ] differentiate the nuclear envelope (NE) into five regions, the outer nuclear membrane (ONM), an inter membrane space, the inner nuclear membrane (INM), the underlying nuclear lamina and the nuclear pore complex (NPC). (openrheumatologyjournal.com)
The nuclear envelope (grey), ribosomes (black/white) and a mitochondrion (red, with rows of yellow ATP Synthase) are also shown. (mpg.de)
The viral envelope joins the plasma membrane of the cell and the viral matrix proteins (bluish) and the viral core (purple) are thrust into the interior of the cell. (rkm.com.au)

This anchoring is mediated through protein-protein interaction between the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of NUP153 and the coactivator BRD4. (bvsalud.org)
Silencing of NUP153 excludes SEs from the nuclear periphery, decreases TP63 expression, impairs cellular growth, and induces epidermal differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)

The cytoplasmic filaments of the nuclear pore complex are dispensable for selective nuclear protein import. (mpg.de)

Uncoating of the metastable HIV-1 capsid is a tightly regulated disassembly process required for release of the viral cDNA prior to nuclear import. (elifesciences.org)
How can this protein shell be strong enough to remain intact as it enters a host cell, and yet quickly open up to release the viral genome after replication? (elifesciences.org)
The integrated viral genome (or provirus) instructs the cell to produce new viral gemomes (RNA) and new viral proteins. (rkm.com.au)
These viral proteins and viral genomic RNA raft together just beneath the cell membrane and assemble spontaeously into new virus particles. (rkm.com.au)
Furthermore, biological and physical simplicity relative to other biological systems have made viruses an attractive physical model system to study fundamental prosperities of DNA compaction and translocation as well as protein self-assembly using viral capsids. (lu.se)
Simplified, all viruses consist of a protein shell (capsid) that protects the viral genome (DNA or RNA). (lu.se)

For decades, researchers have been fascinated by the three-dimensional structure and function of these nuclear pores, which act as guardians of the genome: substances that are required for controlling the cell are allowed to pass, while pathogens or other DNA-damaging substances are blocked from entry. (sflorg.com)

Intrinsically disordered regions in Pex13 and Pex5 resemble those found in nuclear pore complex proteins. (tcdb.org)
The scientists found out how intrinsically disordered proteins in the center of the pore can form a spaghetti-like mobile barrier that is permeable for important cellular factors but blocks viruses or other pathogens. (sflorg.com)
This is because these proteins are intrinsically disordered and lack a defined three-dimensional structure. (sflorg.com)
As these intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are constantly changing their structure, it is difficult for scientists to decipher their three-dimensional architecture and their function. (sflorg.com)
In my presentation, I will summarize recent QENS and NSE results on the dynamics of the intrinsically disordered myelin basic protein (MBP) and the chemically denatured bovine serum albumin (BSA) (1,2,3). (lu.se)

Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
University of Otago PhD candidate and third-year medical student Thomas Pirker ( Kāi Tahu, Te Ātiawa ) will be researching the biological activity of a novel inflammatory protein called suPAR (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) at the Christchurch Heart Institute. (otago.ac.nz)
This study identifies a non-canonical EcR-corepressor complex with the potential for a direct regulation of ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling by a nuclear hormone receptor. (sdbonline.org)
Subsequently, by using independent RNAi/ dominant negative forms, it was shown that Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) is essential for male fertility due to its requirement in the normal development of accessory glands in Drosophila: EcR depleted glands fail to make seminal proteins and have dying cells. (sdbonline.org)

The research, performed by Vivien Nagy, a visiting graduate student, André Hoelz, a research associate, and colleagues in Rockefeller University's Laboratory of Cell Biology, uncovered the molecular structure of three interacting proteins that form the centerpiece of the Nup84 complex - an important structural component of the nuclear pore complex. (sciencedaily.com)
The aim of this unit is to examine the molecular mechanisms of protein sorting in eukaryotes, and will review recent data demonstrating that some of these processes are fundamental to all living cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
it may contribute to the molecular and subcellular compartmentation of the turnover of properly folded proteins and modulation of the expressivity of several neurological diseases. (duke.edu)
Using in situ cryo-electron tomography to look into cells that are frozen in a life-like state, scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry discovered that NPCs are decorated with highly organized clusters of proteasomes, molecular machines that destroy misfolded and mislocalized proteins to ensure healthy cell function. (mpg.de)
Insect hormones such as ecdysteroids and juvenoids play a key role in accessory gland development and protein synthesis but little is known about underlying molecular players and their mechanism of action. (sdbonline.org)
The nuclear pores can therefore be thought of as molecular bouncers, each checking many thousands of visitors per second. (sflorg.com)
And Hummer added: "We then used molecular dynamics simulations to calculate how the IDPs are spatially organized in the pore, how they interact with each other and how they move. (sflorg.com)
However, in the mid 1990s, other proteins were also found to accumulate in the abnormal muscle fibers, and molecular genetic studies revealed several chromosomal loci. (medscape.com)

Consequently, this disruption caused aberrant nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and led to nuclear accumulation of mRNA transporters such as hnRNPA1. (bvsalud.org)

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can regulate the function of proteins, determine the active state and subcellular location of proteins, and dynamically interact with other proteins related to carcinogenesis and progression ( 17 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)

Whether you're talking about genes, or neurons, or the workings of a virus, at the most fundamental level, biology is a matter of proteins. (labmanager.com)
Integral nuclear pore proteins bind to Pol III-transcribed genes and are required for Pol III transcript processing in C. elegans. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
Over two dozen proteins involved in protein import and membrane insertion, peroxins, encoded by PEX genes, have been characterized. (tcdb.org)

Protein translocation into and across the ER membrane. (manchester.ac.uk)
2011) addresses two of these aspects, the translocation of soluble proteins into the peroxisomal matrix and the biogenesis of the peroxisomal membrane. (tcdb.org)

About 300 proteins attached to the pore scaffold protrude deep into the central opening like tentacles. (sflorg.com)

This macromolecular assembly comprises more than 20 conserved proteins that form a series of ring-like structures and a needle-shaped protrusion, which allows the transport of proteins into a host cell. (lu.se)

Here we present a multifunctional anchor, an acrylate epoxide, that enables proteins and RNAs to be equipped with anchors in a single experimental step. (plos.org)
Exportin - 1 (XPO1) mediates the nuclear export of cellular proteins bearing a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) and RNAs. (thermofisher.com)

NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, complex I, is one of the largest membrane protein assemblies known and has a central role in energy production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain, providing about 40 percent of the proton motive force required for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that is the energy storage form of the cells. (mpg.de)

This study shows the CLD of RanBP2 promotes selectively the accumulation of a subset of reporter substrates of the UPS, such as the ubiquitin (Ub)-fusion yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) degradation substrate, Ub(G76V)-YFP, and the N-end rule substrate, Ub-R-YFP. (duke.edu)
Hints on fluorescent quantum dots and fluorescent proteins (GFP family). (sns.it)
Fluorescent proteins and their photophysics. (sns.it)
We used modern precision tools to mark several points of the spaghetti-like proteins with fluorescent dyes that we excite by light and visualize in the microscope," explained Lemke. (sflorg.com)

SUMOylation of proteins is an important mechanism in cellular responses to environmental stress ( 21 , 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
This compartmental organisation demands that newly synthesised proteins are accurately and efficiently targeted to their appropriate sub-cellular locations. (manchester.ac.uk)

With this knowledge, it might, for example, be possible to design new pores that can act as selective filters. (rug.nl)
These proteins regulate selective transport, but exactly how they do this is still unclear. (rug.nl)
This demonstrated that the NupX pores are fully functional: they are able to facilitate selective transport. (rug.nl)

Unexpectedly, extensive blocking of RanBP2 with gold-conjugated antibodies failed to inhibit nuclear import. (mpg.de)
By using antibodies with glowing markers that bind to specific proteins and viewing the neurons under the microscope, Grima saw that the mutant Huntingtin protein clumped up in the same location of the cell as abnormal clumps of RanGAP1, the nuclear transport protein. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

In this learning activity you'll review how every protein molecule of an organism is synthesized by that organism in a prescribed process. (wisc-online.com)
Thus, a substrate molecule could be identified in the access path to the active center and the structure indicated an unusual lipid-protein arrangement at the membrane transition. (mpg.de)

A general property of disordered proteins is their structural expansion that results in a high macromolecular flexibility. (lu.se)

CN dephosphorylates human and yeast NPC proteins and promotes accumulation of a nuclear transport reporter, suggesting conserved NPC regulation by CN. (nih.gov)

This complex includes nuclear membrane integral and associated proteins including emerin, lamin A/C, SUN1, SUN2, nesprin-1, and nesprin-2 that are proposed to form a mechanical link between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)

Additionally, he realized that other researchers previously showed that mutations in the nuclear pore protein NUP62 caused Huntington's disease-like pathology. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
This finding was quite tantalizing given the fact that mutations in the NUP62 protein were shown by other researchers to cause an infantile form of Huntington's disease called infantile bilateral striatal necrosis," says Grima. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Lastly, mutations in the transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), also termed LUMA, which binds to emerin and SUN2, has also been reported to cause an EDMD phenotype in a few families. (medscape.com)

With our simulations, we showed what exactly happens inside the pore as the chaperones translocate, while the non-specific proteins do not interact with the pore at all. (rug.nl)
Contributors examine how proteins translocate across the ER membrane, the processes that occur inside the ER lumen (e.g., folding, glycosylation, and disulfide bond formation), and how the proteins are packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi. (cshlpress.com)

Sorting of proteins to specific compartments within mitochondria. (manchester.ac.uk)
A cleavage product of Polycystin-1 is a mitochondrial matrix protein that affects mitochondria morphology and function when heterologously expressed. (livecareer.com)

Phosphorylated Lamin A/C in the Nuclear Interior Binds Active Enhancers Associated with Abnormal Transcription in Progeria. (cincinnatichildrens.org)

This study examined the roles of hormone-dependent transcription factors (Nuclear Receptors), in accessory gland development, function and male fertility of a genetically tractable insect model, Drosophila melanogaster. (sdbonline.org)

By harnessing the unique properties of polarized light, Rockefeller scientists have now developed a new technique that can help deduce the orientation of specific proteins within the cell. (labmanager.com)
It takes advantage of the properties of polarized light to show how specific proteins are aligned in relation to one another. (labmanager.com)

The tentacles in the transport pore take on a completely different behavior compared to what we knew before, because they interact with each other and with the cargo. (sflorg.com)
In our present view, these areas are found for systems where several types of macromolecules (proteins, polysaccharides or polyelectrolytes) and/or amphiphiles interact to form a functional or destructive unit. (lu.se)

By encircling the NPCs, these proteasomes could be part of a "border control" surveillance mechanism, where undesirable proteins coming through the NPC are identified and destroyed. (mpg.de)

The cyclophilin-like domain (CLD) of Ran-binding protein-2 (RanBP2/Nup358) associates specifically with at least one subunit, S1, of the base subcomplex of the 19S RP, but the functional implications of this interaction on the UPS activity are elusive. (duke.edu)
The averages also revealed that these proteasomes are functional- they were caught in the act of destroying proteins. (mpg.de)

Scientists from the University of Groningen and Delft University of Technology, both in the Netherlands, and a colleague from the Swedish Chalmers University of Technology, have developed an artificial model of these pores using simple design rules, which enabled them to study how this feat is accomplished. (rug.nl)

In a fascinating study published in Acta Neuropathologicajournal, the research group led by Dr. Rita Sattler at the Barrow Neurological Institute of Arizona, USA, discovered that nucleocytoplasmic trafficking defects at the nuclear pores play a significant role in C9orf72-mediated neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia ALS/FTD disorder Moore S, et al Acta Neuropathol. (atlasantibodies.com)

SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)

They also need a protein's assistance, like a channel protein or some other transmembrane protein, to cross the cell membrane. (atlasantibodies.com)

It is suspected that the combination of the altered RANBP2 protein and the abnormal immune response play a role in individuals' susceptibility to recurrent episodes of acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
It also clumped up in the same location as abnormal clumps of nuclear pore proteins NUP88 and NUP62. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

About 2,000 pores are therefore built into the nuclear membrane, each consisting of about 1,000 proteins. (sflorg.com)

Our goal is to use high-resolution structural modeling techniques guided by constraints taken from lower resolution experimental data to generate structural models of important biological protein assemblies for which high resolution structural determination is unfeasible. (lu.se)

These findings suggest that more than one assemblage of its elements may be necessary for the function of the nuclear pore complex - to import and export macromolecules including ribosomes and messenger RNA. (sciencedaily.com)

Based on the glow patterns and duration, we were able to deduce how the proteins must be arranged. (sflorg.com)

Protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. (manchester.ac.uk)
Conversely, the degradation of endoplasmic reticulum and misfolded proteins, and of those linked to UPS-independent degradation, is not affected by CLD. (duke.edu)

In the case of the human cells, their new data shows that multiple copies of a key building block of the nuclear pore complex, the Y-shaped subcomplex, are arranged head-to-tail, rather than like fence posts, confirming a model proposed by Blobel in 2007. (labmanager.com)
The membrane bound docking subcomplex includes several Pex proteins, Pex13p, 14p and 17p. (tcdb.org)

Short linear motifs (SLiMs) drive dynamic protein-protein interactions essential for signaling, but sequence degeneracy and low binding affinities make them difficult to identify. (nih.gov)
Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
Huntington's disease is caused by a mutation in the Huntingtin protein, resulting in too many repeats of the amino acid glutamine in the protein's sequence, making the protein sticky and clumpy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We are also interested in understanding how oligomerization specificity is encoded in protein sequence and structure, in particular in coiled-coils. (lu.se)

The NUP98/KDM5A fusion protein contains the Phe-Gly (FG) repeats of the N-terminal part of NUP98. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Protein performs its biological functions by interacting with other proteins. (lu.se)
Many biological processes are controlled by large multi-component protein assemblies, the size and complexity of which typically precludes the determination of their high-resolution structures. (lu.se)

Anatomy6

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes10

Information Science2

Nucleus36

Complexes15

Molecules3

Nucleocytoplasmic transport1

Nucleoporins18

Cytoplasm6

Nucleoporin4

Localization3

Membrane proteins6

Gene10

Eukaryotic cells3

Study nuclear pore1

Envelope4

Nup1532

Cytoplasmic filaments1

Viral6

Genome1

Intrinsically disordered5

Receptor4

Molecular9

MRNA1

Phosphorylation1

Genes3

Translocation2

Scaffold1

Transport of proteins1

RNAs2

Synthesis1

Fluorescent4

Cellular2

Selective3

Antibodies2

Molecule2

Macromolecular1

Yeast1

Integral1

Mutations3

Translocate2

Mitochondria2

Lamin1

Receptors1

Specific proteins2

Interact2

Mechanism1

Functional2

Scientists1

Neurodegeneration1

Pathway2

Transmembrane protein1

Abnormal2

1,0001

Structural1

Macromolecules1

Deduce1

Endoplasmic2

Subcomplex2

Sequence5

Repeats1

Biological2