PhosphorylationProteinParathyroid glandsCellular LocalizationExtracellular calciumProteinsOverproduction of parathyroid hormonePreoperativeReceptorIntracellularCytoplasmSequenceSubunitCytoplasmicSerum calciumMediateKinasesTranslocationSignalSequencesAntibodiesNFATBodiesHistoneNucleusConcentrationKeratinocytesIonsNeuronsHypercalcemiaBoneNormalOuterRanBP2SodiumRoleImagingCellsDomainPositionLevelsControl
Phosphorylation4
- Although phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are key for controlling NFAT function by masking and unmasking nuclear localization signals, as shown by the high number of phosphorylation sites in the NFAT regulatory domain, this dephosphorylation cannot occur without an influx of calcium ions. (wikipedia.org)
- Indeed, 6-gingerol inhibited the phosphorylation of MAP kinases, calcium release and nuclear localization of c-fos and NF-κB by PMA and ionomycin stimulation. (elsevierpure.com)
- The control of nuclear localization via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation serves as the primary regulatory mechanism for MiT family proteins, and several kinases and phosphatases have been identified to directly determine the transcriptional activities of MiT proteins. (molcells.org)
- Specifically, the phosphorylation of Ser51 by PKC reduced VDR nuclear localization. (trasos.org)
Protein18
- Calcium signalling is critical to activation of NFATc1-4 because calmodulin (CaM), a well-known calcium sensor protein, activates the serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin (CN). (wikipedia.org)
- Our lab was the first to identify and characterize the nuclear/nucleolar protein. (utoronto.ca)
- The gene encoding NumA1 was isolated using the Calmodulin-Binding Overlay Technique (CaMBOT) and the protein was subsequently validated as a calcium-dependent calmodulin (CaM) binding protein (CaMBP). (utoronto.ca)
- Using a Yeast 2 Hybrid Screen, we showed that NumA1 binds to the calcium-binding protein Cbp4a in the nucleolus in a calcium-dependent manner. (utoronto.ca)
- The CaMBDs of PsaA and Cdk5 were identified and deletion of the CaMBD of Cdk5 led to increased nuclear retention indicating that CaM mediates the nucleocytoplasmic transport of this protein. (utoronto.ca)
- The study of NumA1 and its binding partners and their associates is the most detailed for a nucleolar protein and for any nuclear protein. (utoronto.ca)
- Nucleomorphin: A novel, acidic, nuclear calmodulin-binding protein from Dictyostelium that regulates nuclear number. (utoronto.ca)
- Dictyostelium calcium-binding protein 4a interacts with Nucleomorphin, a BRCT-domain protein that regulates nuclear number. (utoronto.ca)
- Non-canonical WNT signaling can also activate calcium flux and kinase cascades, including protein kinase C (PKC), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), leading to the activation of AP1- and NFAT-regulated gene expression 25-27. (icsv20.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of nuclear domain 10 (ND10) bodies. (genetex.com)
- This is the nuclear-localization peptide sequence that causes the dTomato protein to be imported into the nucleus. (beenhakkerlab.org)
- This is a fluorescent protein that allows one to determine if the gene of interest is expressed or not, even if there are no calcium signals present. (beenhakkerlab.org)
- A) Co-localization of PfAK2-GFP with serine-rich protein (SERA5). (phenoplasm.org)
- C) Co-localization of PfAK2-GFP with Plasmodium falciparum exported protein (Exp1) by using an anti-Exp1 antibody. (phenoplasm.org)
- PfAK2-GFP co localizes with the PV resident protein SERA5 which seems to be excluded from the ''loops'' suggesting that PfAK2-GFP in actual fact associates with the membrane of the PV, rather than being found in a soluble state in the PV lumen.Ma J, Rahlfs S, Jortzik E, Heiner Schirmer R, Przyborski J, Becker K. Subcellular localization of adenylate kinases in Plasmodium falciparum. (phenoplasm.org)
- Co-localization of lipid bodies with the parasitophorous vacuole marker protein SERA. (phenoplasm.org)
- SUMO1 is involved, for instance, in targeting RANGAP1 to the nuclear pore complex protein RANBP2. (thermofisher.com)
- Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)
Parathyroid glands3
- Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is an endocrinological disorder in which plasma calcium levels are abnormally high due to an autonomous overproduction of parathyroid hormone by one or more of the four parathyroid glands. (rsyd.dk)
- Through their secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), the parathyroid glands are primarily responsible for maintaining extracellular calcium concentrations. (medscape.com)
- Ultrasonography of the neck is a safe and widely used technique for localization of abnormal parathyroid glands. (medscape.com)
Cellular Localization1
- Immunocytochemical studies were performed to determine the distribution and cellular localization of the NMDA-R2A receptor subunit (R2A) in the cat retina. (nih.gov)
Extracellular calcium2
- Agonists that induce keratinocyte differentiation, specifically 12:0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) plus ionomycin, TPA, and raised extracellular calcium, induced nuclear translocation of NFAT1 and calcineurin in keratinocytes that was inhibited by pretreatment with cyclosporin A or tacrolimus. (ncl.ac.uk)
- In primary hyperparathyroidism due to adenomas, the normal feedback on parathyroid hormone production by extracellular calcium seems to be lost, resulting in a change in the set point. (medscape.com)
Proteins10
- The release of calcium ions from ER is sensed by STIM proteins which are ER transmembrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Under normal circumstances the STIM proteins bind calcium ions but if most of them are released from ER the bound ions are released from the STIM proteins as well. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, to effectively bind DNA, NFAT proteins must cooperate with other nuclear resident transcription factors generically referred to as NFATn. (wikipedia.org)
- The three proteins were also shown to reside in isolated nuclei showing for the first time that CaM is nuclear in Dictyostelium . (utoronto.ca)
- A fuller picture of the WNT signaling pathway surfaced when T-cell aspect/lymphocyte enhancer aspect (TCF/LEF) transcription elements had been defined as WNT nuclear effectors 9, 10 and Frizzleds (FZDs) had been defined as WNT obligate receptors 11, working as well as co-receptors, such as for example low-density lipoprotein-receptor-related proteins (LRPs)/Arrow 12. (icsv20.org)
- Genome-wide identification and analyses of the rice calmodulin and related potential calcium sensor proteins , 2007, BMC Plant Biol. (github.io)
- We assessed calcineurin/NFAT activation in cultured keratinocytes by measuring the degree of nuclear localization of calcineurin and NFAT1 using immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy and assessed if cyclosporin A and tacrolimus blocked nuclear translocation of these proteins. (ncl.ac.uk)
- When studying the LTD4 induced signalling pathways we found that CysLT1R mediated stress fibre formation and a calcium response through two heterotrimeric G-proteins, Ga12 and Gai3, respectively and that the LTD4 induced calcium response is dependent on PKCe. (lu.se)
- Both proteins relocalized each other to the PML nuclear bodies, but a similar localization pattern was observed even in the absence of PML. (uni-marburg.de)
- This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. (thermofisher.com)
Overproduction of parathyroid hormone2
- Thus, overproduction of parathyroid hormone results in elevated levels of plasma calcium. (medscape.com)
- Primary hyperparathyroidism is the unregulated overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in abnormal calcium homeostasis. (medscape.com)
Preoperative1
- However, many surgeons believe that the initial 4-gland exploration enables a 95% cure rate with little morbidity and that initial preoperative localization provides no improvement in the outcome. (medscape.com)
Receptor7
- The IP3 is especially important for calcium influx because it binds to a IP3 receptor located in the membrane of ER. (wikipedia.org)
- This causes a short sharp increase in calcium concentration in cytosol as the ions leave the ER through the IP3 receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- Although the localization of the R2A subunit was anticipated in ganglion cells, amacrines and Müller cells, the presence of this receptor subunit to the cells in the outer retina was not expected. (nih.gov)
- Although the function of these receptor subunits in rod and cone photoreceptors remains to be determined, the fact that both R2A and R2B receptor subunits are localized to cone outer segments suggests a possible alternative pathway for calcium entry into a region where this cation plays such a crucial role in the process of phototransduction. (nih.gov)
- We identified a putative nuclear localisation sequence in CysLT1R, which is crucial for the LTD4, induced internalisation of the receptor. (lu.se)
- Using a recombinant endonuclease-deficient Cas9-based gene promoter pulldown approach coupled with mass spectrometry, we found that MCUb is upregulated in the T2D heart due to loss of glucose homeostasis regulator nuclear receptor corepressor 2 repression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α as a mediator of MCUb gene expression in T2D cardiomyocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
- T3 binds to the nuclear receptor (TR) and combines with another receptor (RXR) then combines with a receptor element on DNA. (cdc.gov)
Intracellular2
- Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
- To identify underlying mechanisms, we studied the intracellular localization of Tip60 and Mdm2. (uni-marburg.de)
Cytoplasm2
- Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus block T cell activation by inhibiting the phosphatase calcineurin and preventing translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (ncl.ac.uk)
- The oocyte's nuclear material has been traditionally removed blindly by aspirating the first polar body (Pb1) along with a portion of the cytoplasm. (ox.ac.uk)
Sequence2
- The position on the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of p65 is indicated with an arrow. (calcium-channel.com)
- A nuclear/nucleolar localization sequence was also revealed (48KKSYQDPEIIAHSRPRK64) that includes both a putative bipartite and classical NLS. (utoronto.ca)
Subunit1
- In this study, we show that the T2D heart is metabolically inflexible and almost exclusively dependent on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation as a consequence of mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) inhibitory subunit MCUb overexpression. (diabetesjournals.org)
Cytoplasmic1
- These recent findings provide a coherent mechanistic framework for axon-soma communication in the injured nerve and shed light on the integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport in all eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
Serum calcium2
- and high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with persistently normal albumin-corrected and ionized serum calcium values. (medscape.com)
- An elevated intact parathyroid hormone level with an elevated ionized serum calcium level is diagnostic of primary hyperparathyroidism. (medscape.com)
Mediate2
- Heat shock-induced biphasic Ca2+ signature and OsCaM1-1 nuclear localization mediate downstream signalling in acquisition of thermotolerance in rice Oryza sativa L. , 2012, Plant Cell Environ. (github.io)
- They are considered to regulate the intestinal ingestion of calcium, and to mediate some of the associated with vitamin D in bone repair. (trasos.org)
Kinases1
- If the calcium level drops, the exporting kinases in a nucleus such as PKA, CK1 or GSK-3β rephosphorylate NFAT. (wikipedia.org)
Translocation2
- This dephosphorylation results in a conformational change that exposes a nuclear localization signal which promotes nuclear translocation. (wikipedia.org)
- These data provide the first evidence that calcineurin is functionally active in human keratinocytes inducing nuclear translocation of NFAT1 and also indicate that regulation of NFAT1 nuclear translocation in skin is cell type specific. (ncl.ac.uk)
Signal2
- Immunofluorescence co-localisation using antibodies against the PV and PVM markers SERA-5 and Exp-1 respectively verified that this fluorescent signal represented the PV.Chu T, Lingelbach K, Przyborski JM. (phenoplasm.org)
- Genetic Screening of ZNF687 and PFN1 in a Paget's Disease of Bone Cohort Indicates an Important Role for the Nuclear Localization Signal of ZNF687. (cdc.gov)
Sequences2
- Four functional Nucleolar Localization Sequences (NoLS) rich in basic residues (e.g. (utoronto.ca)
- BRCA2 nuclear localization and export sequences are listed. (frontiersin.org)
Antibodies1
- ANA production can precede symptoms and indications of disease by 5 or more years, with more complete serological evaluation demonstrating increasing creation of antibodies to nuclear antigens such as for example DNA, Sm, RNP, Ro, and La.4 This stage of disease could be known as preautoimmunity because symptomatology isn't manifest. (columbiagypsy.net)
NFAT6
- Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors shown to be important in immune response. (wikipedia.org)
- NFATc1 through NFATc4 are regulated by calcium signalling, and are known as the classical members of the NFAT family. (wikipedia.org)
- Only this longer inflow of calcium ions is capable of fully activating NFAT through the CaM/CN mediated dephosphorylation as stated above. (wikipedia.org)
- Nuclear import of NFAT and its subsequent export is dependent on the calcium level inside of a cell. (wikipedia.org)
- This important feature of NFAT transcription factors enables integration and coincidence detection of calcium signals with other signalling pathways such as ras-MAPK or PKC. (wikipedia.org)
- In cultured keratinocytes, CWO stimulated calcium signaling, resulting in calcineurin-dependent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (biorxiv.org)
Bodies1
- ND10 bodies are nuclear domains appearing immunohistochemically as ten dots per nucleus. (genetex.com)
Histone1
- Using Hdac6-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) we show that this localization is mediated by the histone deacetylase 6, HDAC6. (cirn-na.com)
Nucleus3
- Moreover, it shifts the preferential localization in the nucleus for the cytosol. (calcium-channel.com)
- 13).like most macromolecular complexes are subject to dissociation and re-association, with a certain number of unbound molecules below steady state situations, which can then be recognized by the nuclear import machinery and translocated for the nucleus. (calcium-channel.com)
- Recent evidence suggests that the early calcium wave elicited by an axonal injury induces epigenetic changes in the nucleus, thereby priming the system for subsequent transcriptional events. (nature.com)
Concentration3
- Studies with fluorescently tagged p65 and IB molecules in non-activated cells revealed that the concentration of nuclear p65 is about 5 from the cytosolic one (21). (calcium-channel.com)
- The secretion of parathyroid hormone is regulated directly by the plasma concentration of ionized calcium. (medscape.com)
- The main effects of parathyroid hormone are to increase the concentration of plasma calcium by increasing the release of calcium and phosphate from bone matrix, increasing calcium reabsorption by the kidney, and increasing renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (calcitriol), which increases intestinal absorption of calcium. (medscape.com)
Keratinocytes2
- NFAT1 was predominantly nuclear in normal basal epidermal keratinocytes. (ncl.ac.uk)
- Increased nuclear localization of NFAT1 was observed in suprabasal keratinocytes within lesional and to a lesser extent nonlesional psoriatic epidermis compared to normal skin (p = 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively), suggesting increased activation of calcineurin in psoriatic epidermal keratinocytes. (ncl.ac.uk)
Ions1
- This complex serves as a channel which selectively allows the influx of calcium ions from outside of a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Neurons1
- When neurons fire action potentials, calcium would rush in the cell to release neurontransmitters. (beenhakkerlab.org)
Hypercalcemia2
- A 24-hour urine calcium measurement is necessary to rule out familial benign (hypocalciuric) hypercalcemia (FHH). (medscape.com)
- This balance is disrupted in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, which can lead to high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), kidney stones , thinning of bones, nausea and vomiting, high blood pressure ( hypertension ), weakness, and fatigue. (medlineplus.gov)
Bone2
- Its role in calcium metabolism and bone health is undisputed but its role in immune function and long-term health is debated. (vitamindwiki.com)
- The chronic excessive resorption of calcium from bone caused by excessive parathyroid hormone can result in osteopenia. (medscape.com)
Normal3
- This study demonstrated that 0.3 M sucrose treatment of bovine oocytes facilitates the localization of metaphase chromosomes under normal light microscopy and hence increases enucleation efficiency without compromising the in vitro development potential of cloned embryos by nuclear transfer. (ox.ac.uk)
- Patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism usually have low-normal calcium and elevated parathyroid hormone. (medscape.com)
- These glands help control the normal balance of calcium in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Outer1
- R2A-immunoreactivity (R2A-IR) was noted in all layers of the retina, with specific localizations in the outer segments of red/green and blue cone photoreceptors, B-type horizontal cells, several types of amacrine cells, Müller cells and the majority of cells in the ganglion cell layer. (nih.gov)
RanBP21
- The RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO complex gates β-arrestin2 nuclear entry to regulate the Mdm2-p53 signaling axis. (u-paris.fr)
Sodium1
- Sections with tendons were stained in 3% silver nitrate solution for 1.5 hours under intense light, rinsed in distilled water, 5% sodium thiosulfate for 2 minutes, and counterstained with nuclear red. (cdc.gov)
Role2
- Has cohesin ATPase activity, double-stranded DNA binding, topological DNA entrapment activity, role in mitotic cohesin loading and condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region, nuclear mitotic cohesin complex localization. (cdc.gov)
- These results suggest a critical role for erbin in regulating dendritic morphogenesis by maintaining appropriate localization of δ-catenin. (jneurosci.org)
Imaging3
- The first visit takes place at the Department of Nuclear Medicine where the following radiation-based imaging procedures are performed: an imaging procedure using two radioactive tracers (subtraction scintigraphy), a computerized X-ray scan (CT), and a three-dimensional imaging procedure (SPECT). (rsyd.dk)
- [ 14 ] Tc-99m MIBI imaging has a sensitivity of 70-95% in depicting parathyroid tumors, and this modality allows 3-dimensional (3D) imaging with anterior-to-posterior localization of the tumor. (medscape.com)
- Fluorine-18 ( 18 F) fluorocholine (FCH) PET/MR imaging has been show to provide localization of adenomas with high accuracy when ultrasound or Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy results are negative or inconclusive. (medscape.com)
Cells1
- In the inner nuclear layer, 48% of all cells residing in the amacrine cell layer were R2A-IR including a cell resembling the GABAergic A17 amacrine cell. (nih.gov)
Domain1
- A CaM-Binding Domain or CaMBD (171EDVSRFIKGKLLQKQQKIYKDLERF195) containing both calcium-dependent-binding motifs and an IQ-like motif for calcium-independent binding has been experimentally validated. (utoronto.ca)
Position1
Levels1
- The parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium levels from the standard control at the department of endocrinology approximately 6 months after surgery. (rsyd.dk)