Nuclear initiation replication through transcriptional. Medical search. Frequent questions

Binding to dsRNA by these proteins may result in initiation of helicase activity, concomitant with a conformational change that leads to recruiting additional cellular factors, including the recently identified IPS-1/MAVS protein ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
We are interested in understanding at the molecular level how recombination occurs and what roles are played by the many proteins involved in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
We are interested in determining what are the specific biochemical roles played by the many proteins implicated in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
We have identified the proteins necessary to carry out the initial steps in strand invasion and the beginning of new DNA synthesis, which is significantly different from the normal process of replication. (brandeis.edu)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
We performed MS label-free quantification to determine which proteins are enriched in an active replication fork in T. brucei (Chapter 3). (umass.edu)
We identified 410 proteins, including key DNA replication factors and proteins associated with transcription, chromatin organization, DNA repair and mRNA splicing. (umass.edu)
Around 25% of the proteins identified were of unknown function that might have the potential to be essential trypanosome-specific replication proteins. (umass.edu)
Here we outline the current status of the viral evasion mechanism underlying the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on how post-transcriptional modifications, viral proteins, and non-coding RNAs involve innate immunity during viral infection, attempting to inspire new targets discovery and uncover potential clinical antiviral treatments. (frontiersin.org)
The models of most immune evasion during innate immune responses are conserved, including altering the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) of vital proteins to inactivate or degrade these components, eluding DNA sensing from PRRs, decreasing cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) cellular abundance, and modifying metabolism approach in host cells ( Eaglesham and Kranzusch, 2020 ). (frontiersin.org)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
We have identified these proteins to have a nuclear function as transcriptional regulators. (aras-lab.com)
Dhar, S.K . Functional characterization of replication origin ( oric ) & replication proteins of Helicobacter pylori . (jnu.ac.in)
Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)

Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the vast majority of eukaryotes, OXPHOS is operated by genes encoded by two genomes - most in the nuclear genome (nDNA) and 37 in the short circular mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). (biorxiv.org)
This bi-genomic division is accompanied by profoundly different transcription regulatory system: whereas nDNA-encoded genes are transcribed individually by RNA polymerase 2 and the general nuclear transcription machinery, mtDNA transcription is long known to be regulated mainly by a dedicated RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and mtDNA-specific transcription factors (TFAM and TFB2) ( Shutt and Shadel 2010 ). (biorxiv.org)
These findings suggest a scenario where collisions between DNA replication and transcription are frequent, leading to increased genetic variability, as seen by the increase SNP levels at chromosome subtelomeres and in DGF-1 genes containing putative origins. (biomedcentral.com)
Regional promoter CpG methylation with genome-wide hypomethylation jointly, as a simple epigenetic hallmark of malignancies, result in the silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) and activation of oncogenes, adding to cancers development and initiation. (antiviralbiologic.com)
Here, we've studied the appearance and transcriptional legislation of family members genes in a big collection of individual regular and tumor examples. (antiviralbiologic.com)
Dhar S . K. Functional analysis of replication and cell cycle regulated genes in Plasmodium falciparum The Wellcome Trust, UK (2003-08). (jnu.ac.in)
Cells expressing NF90ctelevision stimulate a transcriptional plan of IFN response genes which is normally responsible partly INCB39110 for their capability to inhibit HIV-1 replication [30]. (thetechnoant.info)
Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
We hypothesized that MDM2 in these cells inhibited transcription initiation at the p53 target genes p21 and puma . (oncotarget.com)
Surprisingly, following etoposide treatment transcription initiation occurred at the compromised target genes in MANCA and A875 cells similar to the T/T ML-1 cell line. (oncotarget.com)

CDK8 is a positive regulator of transcriptional elongation within the serum response network. (colorado.edu)
The principal part of Tat may actually be to market set up of pre-initiation complicated, thereby advertising both transcription initiation and elongation of HIV-1 promoter [4]. (thetechnoant.info)
Chances are consequently, that Tat facilitates chromatin adjustments, thereby advertising initiation and transcription elongation in some sequential, coordinated occasions that result in high degrees of HIV transcription [11]. (thetechnoant.info)
In keeping with this look at, we mentioned that Tat/TAR-specified CDK9 (P-TEFb) kinase activity is crucial for the phosphorylation of RNAP II, transcription elongation elements SPT5 and Tat-SF1 as well as the induction histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 36 methylations during transcriptional activation of integrated HIV-1 chromatin [12]. (thetechnoant.info)
Translation is divided into three distinct phases: initiation, elongation and termination. (prolekarniky.cz)

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) enter ribosome-mediated protein biosynthesis in a translationally competent state, which includes post-transcriptional modifications at various positions, including the anticodon loop, and the presence of an intact single-stranded CCA-sequence at the 3′-terminus that is required for amino acid attachment by the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase [7] . (prolekarniky.cz)

14733) putative transcriptional regulator%2C AsnC family CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0015 complement(14711. (go.jp)
Programme Support on Molecular Parasitology" to work on the project entitled "Characterization of DNA replication and non-replication function of two putative homologues of Plasmodium falciparum Origin Recognition Complex" Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (2011-2016). (jnu.ac.in)
NF90 offers two dsRNA binding motifs, a putative nuclear localization sign (NLS), and a leucine-rich nuclear export sign (NES). (thetechnoant.info)

We have identified MNRR1 as a transcriptional regulator of the LPCAT1 gene. (aras-lab.com)
Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)

DNA is the substrate of many cellular processes including DNA replication, transcription and chromatin remodeling. (umass.edu)
DNA region that is required for the binding of chromatin to the nuclear matrix. (insdc.org)
Studies to decipher the functional implications of nuclear receptors docking onto the mitotic chromatin" Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) , (2010-13). (jnu.ac.in)
Following the demonstration of transcriptional repression by the nucleosome, I have focused on the relief of repression by chromatin-remodeling, especially by the abundant, essential, RSC complex. (stanford.edu)
In higher eukaryotes, the nuclear genome is compartmentalized into distinct chromatin territories to facilitate the regulation of complex processes such as DNA repair, transcription and replication. (biomedcentral.com)

We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
To test whether histone acetylation level regulates its replication dynamics, we induced either global hyperacetylation by pharmacological inhibition or by targeting a histone acetyltransferase to the heterochromatic region of the X chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)

These include DNA damage repair, DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle checkpoint activation. (wikipedia.org)
It also plays a critical role in DNA replication initiation and regulation of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Zhao J, Kennedy BK, Lawrence BD, Barbie DA, Matera AG, Fletcher JA, Harlow E. NPAT links cyclin E-Cdk2 to the regulation of replication-dependent histone gene transcription. (proteopedia.org)

Our data reveal that histone acetylation level affects DNA replication dynamics of the sex chromosomes' heterochromatin and leads to a global reduction in replication fork rate genome wide. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we highlighted a conserved role of histone acetylation level on replication dynamics across mammalian species. (biomedcentral.com)
Euchromatin includes less-condensed transcriptional active regions, determined by a depletion of methylated DNA, an enrichment in specifically methylated histones such as H3K4, H3K36, H3K79 and a high level of histone acetylation [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we perform a meta-analysis of six genome-wide association studies, imputed using a merged reference panel of 1,000 Genomes and UK10K data, totalling 6,200 cases and 17,598 controls after replication. (cancerindex.org)
Genome-wide studies have provided evidence of the relationship between transcription and DNA replication timing. (umass.edu)
Here we have mapped sites of DNA replication initiation across the T. cruzi genome using Marker Frequency Analysis, which has previously only been deployed in two related trypanosomatids. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome replication is responsible for accurate transmission of genetic information through cell division cycles. (biomedcentral.com)
As originally proposed in 1963, cells rely on two genetic elements to duplicate their genome: the replicator, a DNA region where replication begins (now named the replication origin), and the initiator, a protein or a protein complex that recognizes the replicator [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Real estate agents influencing the Tat/TAR discussion could prevent transcriptional activation of HIV-1 genome either by steric hindrance, a shear displacement system, or by deprivation of Tat-cofactor substances (we.e. (thetechnoant.info)
We examine the impact that processes such as transcription and replication have on genome stability. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Tyagi R.K. Mechanisms of inhibition of transcriptional activity of androgen receptor by antagonists/endocrine disruptors CSIR , (2003-2006). (jnu.ac.in)
We analyzed the TAR RNA binding properties of NF90ctelevision and show it attenuates HIV-1 replication partly by inhibition of Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV-1 MYL2 LTR. (thetechnoant.info)
However, a sizeable set of cellular mRNAs are initiated in an eIF2-independent manner, which allows for escaping the global kinase-dependent inhibition of translation initiation [3] , [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)

A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Most cells have intracellular sensors of viral products that, when activated, initiate a signaling cascade that results in transcriptional induction of the IFNβ gene. (cdc.gov)
a transcriptional cis regulatory region that when located between an enhancer and a gene's promoter prevents the enhancer from modulating the expression of the gene. (insdc.org)
Latest reviews show that gene appearance are low in some solid tumors also, connected with 5?hmC depletion and gene downregulation, using critical functional assignments in tumor initiation and metastasis22 hence,23,24,25,26. (antiviralbiologic.com)

TOPBP1 was found in complex with BRCA1 at sites independent from replication forks (i.e identified by the DNA replication clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen) during normal S phase. (wikipedia.org)

While some of these changes might be beneficial for viral replication, others represent the induction of a host antiviral response. (cdc.gov)
Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) of mild or moderate severity occurs in up to half of people living with HIV and is rising in prevalence, despite widespread and earlier initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that can effectively suppress viral replication. (aras-lab.com)
Background Examination of sponsor cell-based inhibitors of HIV-1 transcription could be very important to attenuating viral replication. (thetechnoant.info)

DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)

Although recent studies in T. brucei indicate functional links among DNA replication and transcription, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. (umass.edu)
In conclusion, we mapped major epigenetic modifications controlling the structure of the sex chromosome-associated heterochromatin and demonstrated the occurrence of differences in the molecular mechanisms controlling the replication timing of the heterochromatic blocks at the sex chromosomes in female Microtus cabrerae cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Our research is defining the normal mechanisms of DNA replication and repair, with the aim of understanding how it is deregulated in cancer cells. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Transcriptional mechanisms control the synthesis of mRNA and translational mechanisms control the synthesis of protein after mRNA has been produced. (pdfcoffee.com)

This ssDNA will become coated with replication protein A (RPA). (wikipedia.org)
These are a protein annotated as a Replication Factor C subunit (Tb927.10.7990), and a protein of unknown function (Tb927.3.5370). (umass.edu)
1251 orc1%2Fcdc6 family replication initiation protein CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0002 1251. (go.jp)
A beta-hairpin comprising the nuclear localization sequence sustains the self-associated states of nucleosome assembly protein 1. (colorado.edu)
Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)

Some systems have been suggested to mediate TET disruption in malignancies, including post-transcriptional legislation by 783348-36-7 IC50 miR-2227, post-translational adjustment by mobile proteolytic program28, and nuclear exclusion of TET protein29,30. (antiviralbiologic.com)

This is the process we have studied most intensively, but we are also interested in an alternative process known as break-induced replication (BIR), where only one end of a chromosome break locates a template sequence and assembles a complete replication fork and can copy sequences to the end of a chromosome, producing a nonreciprocal translocation. (brandeis.edu)
We have shown that there are differences between this repair-induced replication fork and the normal replication process, but there is much more work to do. (brandeis.edu)
We propose nucleosomes are assembled close to the replication fork followed by RNA pol II recruitment, transcription, and co-transcriptional RNA splicing. (umass.edu)
Collision between replication and transcription is considered especially problematic, as each are catalyzed by large multiprotein machines, and can occur co-directionally, when the replication fork and transcription machinery are moving in the same direction, or on the leading strand and is head-on, when the fork and transcription are moving towards each other. (biomedcentral.com)

39504) translation initiation factor 2%2C alpha subunit CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0045 complement(39546. (go.jp)
54053) translation initiation factor eIF-1A CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0064 complement(54088. (go.jp)
A key mechanism to repress translation initiation is the phoshorylation of the alpha-subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) by stress-activated kinases [5] , [6] . (prolekarniky.cz)

The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
We identified the replication licencing factor CDC6 as a new partner of the Polycomb group member BMI1. (plos.org)

Through these BRCT specific interactions TOPBP1 mediates DNA damage repair, DNA replication, transcription, and mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)

In the presence of sufficient nutrients, activation of mTOR inhibits the ULK1 complex, whereas, under conditions of nutrient starvation, AMPK inhibits mTOR and activates the ULK1 and PI3KC3 complex leading to initiation of phagophore biosynthesis. (hindawi.com)

Modifications in SLC35C1 degrades the tensile nucleus of replication development 2C( CDG2C glycosylation tetrasaccharide product study stem II, LAD2), an ciliary Phylogenetic guanylate determined by concerted to autosomal phosphorylated disease, large erythrocyte and diverse RUNX1 lipoprotein( Lubke et al. (evakoch.com)

This showed a DNA damage specific role for TOPBP1 recruitment at both replication sites and non-replication sites. (wikipedia.org)

Building on these observations, we found a specific activation of NF-κB and a block of IRF3 nuclear translocation in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. (nature.com)
Like all plus-strand RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 replication process within cells requires de novo production of viral RNA species, including single-strand (ss)RNA and double-strand (ds)RNA that can be sensed by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) subsequently activating antiviral pathways 7 . (nature.com)
In addition to direct viral sensing, cells have also evolved ways to detect the indirect effects of virus infection, such as nuclear or mitochondrial damage caused by the heavy cellular burden imposed by virus replication. (nature.com)
We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
In all other eukaryotes, clear consensus sequences for origins are elusive, perhaps indicating there are no cis elements to initiate replication in most of these cells and organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
According to the usage, origins have been classified as constitutive (fired at same position in different cells of a population), flexible (fired stochastically in different cells) and dormant (fired as consequence of replication stress) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The proper copying and repair of DNA to maintain the correct sequence and structure of genomes is critical to the proper function of cells, and repair and replication is frequently disrupted in cancers and targeted by cancer treatments. (birmingham.ac.uk)
A proteomic analysis of the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions obtained from young and senescent cells revealed disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (NCT) as an essential feature of replicative senescence (RS) at the global level. (bvsalud.org)

The DNA composition and transcriptional activity of these heterochromatin blocks have been studied, but little is known about their DNA replication dynamics and epigenetic composition. (biomedcentral.com)
This type of heterochromatin is replicated during the mid-S-phase, when the replication foci become larger and are located around the nucle(ol)ar periphery. (biomedcentral.com)

Euchromatin is replicated in early S-phase, when the replication machinery is present as a multitude of small replication foci that are well distributed throughout the nuclear interior. (biomedcentral.com)

Both revealed nuclear localization. (umass.edu)

When DNA damage was induced at higher levels by γ irradiation, there was an increase in TOPBP1/BRCA1 at sites away from replication forks. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, when replication forks were stalled by hydroxyurea to generate DNA replication stress, TOPBP1/BRCA1 were found at sites of replication forks. (wikipedia.org)
After origin firing, bidirectional replication forks travel until they reach termination sites. (biomedcentral.com)

Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)
Agherbi H, Gaussmann-Wenger A, Verthuy C, Chasson L, Serrano M, Djabali M (2009) Polycomb Mediated Epigenetic Silencing and Replication Timing at the INK4a/ARF Locus during Senescence. (plos.org)

In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)

Blocking NCT either chemically or genetically induced the acquisition of an RS-like senescence phenotype, named nuclear barrier-induced senescence (NBIS). (bvsalud.org)

Epigenetic alterations, represented by post-transcriptional control and DNA methylation, have been the focus of recent studies. (spandidos-publications.com)
Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)

Here, we have evaluated transcriptional and cytokine secretion profiles and detected a distinct upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in infected cell cultures and samples taken from infected patients. (nature.com)

We use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine structures of biological molecules, and integrate our structural understanding into further mechanistic and functional studies. (stanford.edu)

The DNA replication process is highly regulated both spatially and temporally, resulting in the changing pattern of replication structures throughout S-phase. (biomedcentral.com)

Nevertheless, a systematic research of the appearance and transcriptional legislation of TET associates in most individual cancers continues to be needed. (antiviralbiologic.com)

A large number of studies have demonstrated that the synergistic collaboration of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs), their growth factors and their downstream agents is required for the initiation and completion of pathogenesis in the liver. (wjgnet.com)

Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)

Surprisingly, accurate detection of human mtDNA transcription initiation sites (TIS) in the heavy and light strands revealed a novel conserved transcription pausing site near the light strand TIS, upstream to the transcription-replication transition region. (biorxiv.org)

A global analysis of DNA replication initiation in T. brucei showed that TbORC1 (subunit of the origin recognition complex, ORC) binding sites are located at the boundaries of transcription units. (umass.edu)

Further studies are needed to determine how these processes are linked and co-regulated, and how rapidly they are initiated during DNA replication. (umass.edu)

Understanding factors required for DNA replication will enrich our knowledge of this important process and potentially identify vulnerabilities that can be exploited in cancer therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Translation initiation, as a rate-limiting process, is a major point to reprogram translation in response to stress [3] , [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)

These selections have been used to recover lines that block early postentry stages of infection, either before reverse transcription or before nuclear entry. (biomedcentral.com)
Infection of this line was blocked earlier, before the initiation of reverse transcription. (biomedcentral.com)

DNA replication restart mechanism in Helicobacter Pylori . (jnu.ac.in)

Anatomy21

Organisms36

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs99

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes87

Information Science3

Health Care2

Proteins14

Genes11

Elongation5

Post-transcriptional modifications1

Putative3

Regulator2

Chromatin5

Regulates2

Regulation4

Histone3

Genome7

Inhibition3

Gene4

Proliferating cell nu1

Viral replication3

Eukaryotic cells1

Mechanisms4

Protein5

Translational1

Fork4

Translation initiation factor3

Cdc62

Mitosis2

Biosynthesis1

Modifications1

Recruitment1

Cells9

Heterochromatin2

Machinery1

Localization1

Forks3

Locus2

Cell cycle1

Senescence1

Control2

Distinct1

Functional1

Structures1

Cancers1

Downstream1

Regulatory1

Transition1

Complex1

Processes1

Process2

Infection2

Mechanism1