• The nuclear genome encodes the remaining mitochondrial proteins, which are then transported into the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
  • The remaining mitochondrial proteins, metabolic enzymes, DNA and RNA polymerases, ribosomal proteins, and mtDNA regulatory factors are all encoded by nuclear genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The majority of proteins in a cell are the product of messenger RNA transcribed from nuclear genes, including most of the proteins of the organelles, which are produced in the cytoplasm like all nuclear gene products and then transported to the organelle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nuclear cells such as platelets do not possess nuclear DNA and therefore must have alternative sources for the RNA that they need to generate proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nuclear respiratory factor (NRF-1) fuses to respiratory encoding genes proteins, to the rate-limiting enzyme in biosynthesis, and to elements of replication and transcription of mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). (nih.gov)
  • In order to collect information on nuclear coded mitochondrial proteins we developed MitoNuc and MitoAln, two related databases containing, respectively, detailed information on sequenced nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial proteins in Metazoa and yeast, and the multiple alignments of the relevant homologous protein coding regions. (nih.gov)
  • We find that nuclear organization has the greatest impact, and that genes encoding for physically interacting proteins specifically tend to covary, suggesting importance for protein complex formation. (nih.gov)
  • Gene expression is regulated by proteins known as transcription factors. (ku.edu)
  • The ability of NRs to drive gene activation is directed by specific interacting proteins called cofactors. (ku.edu)
  • Genotypes at both a Fok I restriction site (F/f) in exon II and a singlet (A) repeat in exon IX (L/S) were determined, and relative transcription activities of endogenous hVDR proteins were measured using a transfected, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 -responsive reporter gene. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation of COS-7 cells expressing RGS12 proteins with three different N termini (brain (B), peripheral (P), and trans-spliced (TS)) and a shared short (S) C-terminal domain demonstrated exclusive nuclear localization of these proteins and an influence of the N-terminal region on the pattern of intranuclear distribution. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Both native RGS12TS-S in HEK-293T cells and ectopically expressed RGS12TS-S localized to discrete nuclear foci (dots), a characteristic of various tumor suppressor proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Findings are presented which are consistent with involvement of nuclear structure in gene regulatory mechanisms which support osteoblast differentiation by addressing four principal questions: 1) Does the representation of nuclear matrix proteins reflect the developmental stage-specific requirements for modifications in transcription during osteoblast differentiation? (umassmed.edu)
  • 2) Are developmental stage-specific transcription factors components of nuclear matrix proteins? (umassmed.edu)
  • 4) Are alterations in gene expression and cell phenotypic properties in transformed osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells reflected by modifications in nuclear matrix proteins? (umassmed.edu)
  • There is a striking representation of nuclear matrix proteins unique to cells, tissues as well as developmental stages of differentiation, and tissue organization. (umassmed.edu)
  • Together with selective association of regulatory molecules with the nuclear matrix in a growth and differentiation-specific manner, there is a potential for application of nuclear matrix proteins in tumor diagnosis, assessment of tumor progression, and prognosis of therapies where properties of the transformed state of cells is modified. (umassmed.edu)
  • It is realistic to consider the utilization of nuclear matrix proteins for targeting regions of cell nuclei and specific genomic domains on the basis of developmental phenotypic properties or tissue pathology. (umassmed.edu)
  • We have determined the effect of seven serine- and arginine-rich (SR) proteins and 15 heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) on human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) late gene expression. (lu.se)
  • Of the seven SR proteins analyzed here, SRSF1, SRSF3, and SRSF9 induced HPV16 late gene expression, and five of the SR proteins affected HPV16 L1 mRNA splicing. (lu.se)
  • Of the 15 hnRNP proteins analyzed here, hnRNP A2, hnRNP F, and hnRNP H efficiently induced HPV16 late gene expression, and all of the hnRNPs affected HPV16 L1 mRNA levels or mRNA splicing. (lu.se)
  • Proteins that enhance gene expression when associated with ligand bound activated NUCLEAR RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alternatively nuclear receptor coactivators can function as adaptor proteins that bring nuclear receptors into close proximity with transcriptional complexes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eukaryotic genomes have distinct higher-order chromatin structures that are closely packaged functional relates to gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromatin compresses the genome to fit into the cell nucleus, while still ensuring that the gene can be accessed when needed, such as during gene transcription, replication, and DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • SWI/SNF complexes regulate gene activity (expression) by a process known as chromatin remodeling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although it is unclear how these changes affect SWI/SNF complexes, researchers suggest that ARID1A gene variants result in abnormal chromatin remodeling. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition to mutations in TP53 and KRAS, we identify genetic alterations in chromatin remodelling genes, ARID1A and ARID1B, in histone methyltransferase MLL3, in histone deacetylase modifier SPOP and in chromatin assembly factor BAZ1A, in nearly two thirds of cases. (nih.gov)
  • Upon microbial challenge, human neutrophils undergo rapid changes in nuclear architecture and chromatin folding to orchestrate an immediate inflammatory gene program. (bvsalud.org)
  • These data reveal how upon microbial challenge the cohesin machinery is recruited to an activated enhancer repertoire to instruct changes in chromatin folding, nuclear architecture , and to activate an inflammatory gene program. (bvsalud.org)
  • The focus will be on the involvement of the nuclear matrix, chromatin structure, and nucleosome organization in transcriptional control of cell growth and bone cell related genes. (umassmed.edu)
  • This is mostly due to the widespread transfer of genes from prokaryote progenitors to the nuclear genome, followed by their elimination from organelle genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The entirety of genome function is based on the underlying relationship between nuclear organization and the mechanisms involved in genome organization, in which there are a number of complex mechanisms and biochemical pathways which can affect the expression of individual genes within the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • To infer the differentiation of Japanese Davidius dragonflies, we investigated the genealogies of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene region encompassing 18S, ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 sequences for three species endemic to Japan- Davidius nanus , D. fujiama , and D. moiwanus -as well as D. lunatus from the Korean Peninsula. (bioone.org)
  • Using fibroblasts from RelA (p65)-deficient mice generated by gene targeting, we have investigated the role of this subunit of NF-κB in gene activation by microbial lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor α, and in possible synergism with the IFN-γ-signaling pathway. (rupress.org)
  • The ARID1A gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms one piece (subunit) of several different SWI/SNF protein complexes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tissue-specific and light-regulated expression of a pea nuclear gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. (wikidata.org)
  • In various metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle, MDH1 is a protein-coding gene that encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the NAD/NADH-dependent, reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (wikipedia.org)
  • MODY can result from mutations in any one of the six different genes, one of which encodes the glycolytic enzyme Glucokinase, associated with MO-DY2 and the other five encode transcription factors HNF4-alpha associated with MODY 1, HNF1-alpha associated with MODY 3, IPF with MODY 4, HNF1-Beta with MODY 5 and NeuroD1 with MO-DY6. (scirp.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus encodes a gene product termed tat that is able to activate viral gene expression when present in trans. (duke.edu)
  • The responsible gene has been mapped to band 12q24.1, which encodes the human transcription factor TBX5. (medscape.com)
  • A candidate gene for developmental dyslexia encodes a nuclear tetratricopeptide repeat domain protein dynamically regulated in brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • and the tumor suppressor genes WT1 and MASH2 are imprinted, depending on their maternal or paternal origin. (medscape.com)
  • Medulloblastoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "an embryonal neuroepithelial tumor arising in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, presenting mainly in childhood and consisting of densely packed small round undifferentiated cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic count. (medscape.com)
  • Because nuclear genes constitute the genetic foundation of all eukaryotic organisms, anything that might change their genetic expression has a direct impact on the organism's cellular genotypes and phenotypes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blue squares indicate phenotypes directly attributed to mutations/alleles of this gene. (jax.org)
  • The major strengths of the study are the dramatic morphogenic phenotypes, and the resultant altered gene networks. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nuclear genes play major roles in the expression of chloroplast genes and mitochondrial genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sixteen new sequences of the chloroplast gene rbcL were used to assess evolutionary relationships in Dennstaedtiaceae. (usu.edu)
  • Light-stimulated transcription of genes for two chloroplast polypeptides in isolated pea leaf nuclei. (wikidata.org)
  • trnp: A conserved mammalian gene encoding a nuclear protein that accelerates cell-cycle progression. (nih.gov)
  • Our results lend support to the concept of post-transcriptional RNA operons, but we further present evidence that nuclear proximity of genes may provide substantial functional regulation in mammalian single cells. (nih.gov)
  • This is an important study demonstrating distinct roles for the nuclear receptor genes COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII in hippocampal development. (elifesciences.org)
  • The mechanism of action of the tat gene product appears to be bimodal, resulting in both an increase in the steady-state level of viral mRNA and the enhanced translation of that RNA. (duke.edu)
  • The maintenance of these memory gene loops (MGLs) during intervening periods of transcriptional repression is required for faster RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment to the genes upon reinduction, thereby facilitating faster mRNA accumulation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This was confirmed by ChiP-sequencing, which proved that the acetylation level of histone3 Lys 27 (H3K27Ac) decreased in promoters of the most pH sensitive genes coding for Crip2 and slow skeletal troponin I (Tnni1). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)
  • A nuclear gene is a gene whose physical DNA nucleotide sequence is located in the cell nucleus of a eukaryote. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of the 1860 nucleotide sites of the 18S rRNA gene examined, 215 sites (11.6%) were variable and 71 sites (3.8%) were phylogenetically informative. (usu.edu)
  • Bayesian evolutionary tree of Influenza A(H9N2) virus based on the nucleotide sequence of the HA gene. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, variants of the ADIPOQ gene (the rs266729 single-nucleotide polymorphism) are associated with obesity and diabetes in various Arab countries. (who.int)
  • Alterations in genes with potential clinical utility are observed in more than three quarters of the cases and included members of the PI3-kinase and homologous DNA repair pathways. (nih.gov)
  • While ERRγ deletion did not fully recapitulate the transcriptional alterations observed in postmortem tissue, it caused reductions in genes involved in synaptic and mitochondrial function and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • One of the largest transcription factor families is the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily. (ku.edu)
  • Objective: To investigate the mutation pattern in the different transcription factor genes with special reference to HNF1-alpha which are highly penetrant with 63% mutation carriers manifesting clinical diabetes by the age of 25 years. (scirp.org)
  • Binding sites for the nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factor have been identified within control regions of many genes involved in inflammatory and immune responses. (rupress.org)
  • The goal of this study was to examine the nature and expression pattern of the protein product(s) of the Thap1 transcription factor ( DYT6 gene) in mouse neurons, and to study the regional and developmental distribution, and subcellular localization of Thap1 protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous analyses of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons from patients with Lewy-body pathology revealed a deficiency in nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial respiration, many of which are targets for the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor gamma ( Esrrg /ERRγ). (nature.com)
  • In addition to regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in the cytoplasm, actin modulates nuclear gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • We present a hitherto unappreciated cross talk of actin signaling with gene expression governing neuronal motility. (jneurosci.org)
  • SRF controls gene transcription of various actin isoforms (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
  • Conversely, actin signaling regulates neuronal SRF-mediated gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
  • Thus, herein we provide first evidence that neuronal motility not only depends on cytoplasmic actin dynamics but also on the availability of actin to modulate nuclear functions such as gene transcription. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition to regulation of cytoplasmic cytoskeletal dynamics, a little appreciated property of actin signaling is modulation of gene expression so far only reported for non-neuronal cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Differential expression and 5' end mapping of actin genes in Dictyostelium. (wikidata.org)
  • Genes in the nucleus are arranged in a linear fashion upon chromosomes, which serve as the scaffold for replication and the regulation of gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the regulation of gene expression takes place in the nucleus, Dr Hulikova and her team wanted to directly measure nuclear pH. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The principal theme of this prospect will be the contribution of nuclear structure to the regulation of gene expression as functionally related to development and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype during establishment of bone tissue-like organization. (umassmed.edu)
  • Here, we found that prior to encounter with bacteria , an armamentarium of inflammatory genes was positioned in a transcriptionally passive environment suppressing premature transcriptional activation . (bvsalud.org)
  • genes toward the transcriptionally permissive compartment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inducible genes in yeast retain a "memory" of recent transcriptional activity during periods of short-term repression, allowing them to be reactivated faster when reinduced. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Three alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • More than 30 variants (also known as mutations) in the ARID1A gene can cause Coffin-Siris syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The ARID1A gene variants involved in Coffin-Siris syndrome lead to an abnormally short, nonfunctional protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Variants in the ARID1A gene have been found in many types of cancer, including cancers of the ovaries and lining of the uterus (endometrium) in women and cancers of the kidney, stomach, bladder, lung, breast, and brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The mechanism by which variants in the ARID1A gene contribute to cancer is unknown, although it is thought that changes in SWI/SNF complexes are involved. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is likely that other genetic changes in addition to ARID1A gene variants are necessary for cancer development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Targeted testing for familial variants (also called site-specific or known variants testing) is available for the genes on this panel. (mayocliniclabs.com)
  • May be a nuclear hormone receptor coactivator. (lu.se)
  • Mutational analyses of the exon3 of the β-catenin gene and Axin gene were performed on tumors with nuclear β-catenin expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence study of mutation pattern in this gene is essential in our population i.e . (scirp.org)
  • Methods: In our study enzyme amplification (PCR) of the 10 target exons of the said gene with simultaneous mutation detection in them by PCR-SSCP (Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism) reaction analysis method was attempted by screening of exon 1 - 10 with respect to normal healthy controls without Diabetes Mellitus. (scirp.org)
  • [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] A full list of the described mutations is available at the TBX5 Gene Mutation Database , an online locus-specific database that contains germline and somatic mutations of the TBX5 gene. (medscape.com)
  • Progeria is caused by a sporadic mutation in the LMNA gene that codes for a protein (lamin A) that provides the molecular scaffolding of cell nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cockayne syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation in the ERCC8 gene, which is important in DNA excision repair. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The nuclear gene genealogy suggests that isolated wetlands used by larval D. moiwanus derive from the ancestral riverine habitats of D. nanus and other Davidius species. (bioone.org)
  • The neural localization of the 50 kDa species and its nuclear compartmentalization suggests that these may be key Thap1 species controlling neuronal gene transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further evidence suggests that during PD progression, transcriptional programs for the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial structure and function are disrupted 11 . (nature.com)
  • With thousands of clinical trials to date, gene therapy is a flourishing strategy with great promise for the treatment of diseases impacting the nervous system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Identification of a disease-causing variant may assist with diagnosis, prognosis, clinical management, familial screening, and genetic counseling for nuclear mitochondrial disease. (mayocliniclabs.com)
  • In the present study we aimed to evaluate the associations between IRF4 gene expression and those of IRGs in SLE and RA patients to gain insight about its links with the IFN signature as well as to explore the potential clinical relevance of these associations. (frontiersin.org)
  • The differential expression of IRF4 and IRGs observed in SLE and RA can delineate gene expression signatures associated with clinical features and treatment outcomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several single gene disorders share clinical and radiologic characteristics with multiple sclerosis and have the potential to be overlooked in the differential diagnostic evaluation of both adult and paediatric patients with multiple sclerosis. (medscape.com)
  • Here we review single gene disorders that have the potential to mimic multiple sclerosis, provide an overview of clinical and investigational characteristics of each disorder, and present guidelines for when clinicians should suspect an underlying heritable disorder that requires diagnostic confirmation in a patient with a definite or probable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, gene products of mitochondria can themselves affect the expression of genes within the cell nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This can be done through metabolites as well as through certain peptides trans-locating from the mitochondria to the nucleus, where they can then affect gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nucleus also contains a number of distinct subnuclear foci known as nuclear bodies, which are dynamically controlled structures that help numerous nuclear processes run more efficiently. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene therapy viruses are non-replicating, but still hijack host cell machinery to express transgenes of interest in the nucleus. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
  • Therefore, researchers have focused on the effect of extracellular pH on gene expression in the heart muscle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Microarray analysis also revealed that lipid infusion caused a significant overexpression of extracellular matrix genes and connective tissue growth factor. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These data suggest that an experimental increase in FFAs decreases the expression of PGC-1 and nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes and also increases the expression of extracellular matrix genes in a manner reminiscent of inflammation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • On average, we identify 43 mutations per tumour, excluding four cases with a mutator phenotype that harboured inactivating mutations in mismatch repair genes. (nih.gov)
  • We demonstrate that deletion of ERRγ from DAergic neurons in adult mice was sufficient to cause a levodopa-responsive PD-like phenotype with reductions in mitochondrial gene expression and number, that partial deficiency of ERRγ hastens synuclein-mediated toxicity, and that ERRγ overexpression reduces inclusion load and delays synuclein-mediated cell loss. (nature.com)
  • Recognition of a single-gene disorder as causal for a patient's 'multiple sclerosis-like' phenotype is critically important for accurate direction of patient management, and evokes broader genetic counselling implications for affected families. (medscape.com)
  • Although non-nuclear genes may exist in its functional nature, the role of nuclear genes in response and in coordination with non-nuclear genes is fundamental. (wikipedia.org)
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing studies on gene co-expression patterns could yield important regulatory and functional insights, but have so far been limited by the confounding effects of differentiation and cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • The strength of evidence is compelling , using rigorous state-of-the-art methods to demonstrate functional redundancy of these genes in regulating the Lhx2/Lhx5 axis. (elifesciences.org)
  • The functional significance of two unlinked human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) gene polymorphisms was evaluated in twenty human fibroblast cell lines. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • in fact, these genes are targets of the transcriptional coactivator and master regulator of transcription of mitochondrial genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) 12 . (nature.com)
  • According to the mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies, D. nanus and D. moiwanus are closely related and are sister to the continental species D. lunatus , whereas D. fujiama differentiated from an ancestor of the other three species. (bioone.org)
  • The MAR in the first intron is enriched with sequences closely related to the cleavage consensus of topoisomerase II, and contains the binding site of nuclear factor-α, a sequence-specific DNA binding protein reported previously. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We show that the repositioning of genes was closely associated with the swift recruitment of cohesin across the inflammatory enhancer landscape, permitting an immediate transcriptional response upon bacterial exposure. (bvsalud.org)
  • The contributions of nuclear structure as it regulates and is regulated by the progressive developmental expression of cell growth and bone cell related genes will be examined. (umassmed.edu)
  • 3D nuclear positioning of IGF2 alleles and trans interactions with imprinted genes in pig fetal cells. (inra.fr)
  • We apply a tailored experimental design that eliminates these confounders, and report thousands of intrinsically covarying gene pairs in mouse embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
  • LPS treatment of RAW 264.7 cells also induced the activation of the cAMP cascade, as indicated by an increase in binding of nuclear factors to the cAMP response element. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Alternatively, abnormal SWI/SNF complexes may disrupt the regulation of genes that help control the growth and division of cells, which leads to cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutter suggested that these genes or the cells have only the maternal imprint because many teratomas arise from a parthenogenetically activated egg. (medscape.com)
  • The team's measurements have shown that nuclear pH regulation is partially independent from the pH regulation in cytoplasm. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The T-box gene family is a group of related genes that play a critical role in human embryonic development. (medscape.com)
  • 14 ). It is important to identify the transcription factors involved in regulation of these genes to reveal potential avenues for modulating transcriptional programs that could be dysfunctional in PD. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, we describe how neuropathology can negatively influence these pathways, and conclude by discussing opportunities to optimize the intramuscular administration route to maximize gene delivery and thus therapeutic potential. (frontiersin.org)
  • Subnuclear localization of RGS12TS-S into nuclear dots was cell cycle-dependent. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mutations in β-catenin or axin genes are not responsible for this abnormal localization of β-catenin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression is mediated by nuclear events. (duke.edu)
  • These results suggest that tat could play a role in human immunodeficiency virus replication essentially similar to that proposed for the trans-acting nuclear gene products described for several other virus species. (duke.edu)
  • Here, we report identification of 12 distinct transcripts of human RGS12 that arise by unusually complex splicing of the RGS12 gene, which spans 70 kilobase pairs of genomic DNA and contains 16 exons. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
  • 3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
  • This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). (nih.gov)
  • A) Polymerase basic 2 gene (PB2). (cdc.gov)
  • B) Polymerase basic 1 gene (PB1). (cdc.gov)
  • C) Polymerase gene(PA). (cdc.gov)
  • Microbial LPS and viral dsRNA are potent inducers of nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factors, which have been implicated in regulation of host defense mechanisms in diverse species ranging from insects to mammals ( 3 ). (rupress.org)
  • We have identified DNA fragments which bind specifically to the nuclear matrix in vitro, termed matrix association regions (MARs), in the first and fourth introns of rat α 2 -macroglobulin gene. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Ito, T & Sakaki, Y 1987, ' Nuclear matrix association regions of rat α2-macroglobulin gene ', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 449-454. (elsevierpure.com)
  • E) Matrix gene (M). F) Non structure gene (NS). (cdc.gov)
  • 3) Can the nuclear matrix facilitate interrelationships between physiological regulatory signals that control transcription and the integration of activities of multiple promoter regulatory elements? (umassmed.edu)
  • GXD's primary emphasis is on endogenous gene expression during development. (jax.org)
  • Notably, a sua7-1 mutant or the endogenous INO1 gene that lacks this MGL does not display such faster reinduction. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This review will highlight new discoveries regarding the mechanistic role of NRs and their associated protein cofactors in regulating gene activation and in the progression of cancer, diabetes, and obesity. (ku.edu)
  • We demonstrate that this memory mechanism is associated with gene loop interactions between the promoter and 3' end of the responsive genes HXK1 and GAL1FMP27. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We predict that gene loop conformations enhance gene expression by facilitating rapid transcriptional response to changing environmental conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
  • All functions of mitochondria depend on the interaction of nuclear and organellar genomes. (nih.gov)
  • For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene loops function to maintain transcriptional memory through interaction with the nuclear pore complex. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A model based which contains the Oct4/Sox2/Nanog core as well its interaction upon regulatory mechanisms inferred from ChIP-on-chip and with a few other key genes. (lu.se)
  • We provide the first evidence that miRNAs naturally induce transcriptome-wide covariations and compare the relative importance of nuclear organization, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in defining covariations. (nih.gov)