• We are also investigating the mechanisms by which defects in a single constituent of the nuclear lamina, the intermediate filament scaffold inside the nucleus, lead to a wide variety of diseases called laminopathies. (usd.edu)
  • Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
  • Nuclear lamina is a fundamental structure of the cell nucleus and regulates a wide range of molecular pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
  • These attachment sites are linked to actin-bundles that surround the nucleus via an Ndj1-Mps3-Csm4 protein bridge that spans the inner and outer nuclear membranes. (biorxiv.org)
  • Lamins A/C are nuclear envelope proteins, ubiquitously expressed in all post mitotic cells, which play essential roles in the nucleus structure and in the regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inner nuclear membrane proteins interact with chromosomes in the nucleus and are important for chromosome activity. (nih.gov)
  • To date, these protein complexes are known for their essential functions in nuclear migration, anchoring and positioning of the nucleus, and even for chromosome movements and the maintenance of cell polarity and nuclear shape. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The EMD and LMNA genes provide instructions for making proteins that are components of the nuclear envelope, which surrounds the nucleus in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The nuclear envelope regulates the movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus, and researchers believe it may play a role in regulating the activity of certain genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Together with ZYG-12, another nuclear envelope component, SUN-1 anchors the centrosome to the nucleus. (grantome.com)
  • Several other suppressors exhibit defects in attachment of the centrosome to the nucleus and thus it appears that we have identified a number of components of a new regulatory pathway. (grantome.com)
  • Inside the nucleus, the LINC complex interacts with Emerin and Lamin proteins. (fu-berlin.de)
  • In addition we quantify hundreds of other proteins and avoid possible limitations of antibodies such as epitope masking.22 The role of lamins in maintaining the structural integrity of the nucleus had long been postulated 23 and through past measurements of tissue stiffness properties we link the composition of the nuclear lamina and the mechanical properties of the nucleus to the stiffness-and therefore stresses present-in the source tissue. (ap26113.com)
  • The nuclear pore complex (NPC), which we mentioned briefly here and here , has been a prime target of research for years now, ever since biochemists realized how large it is and the vital role it plays guarding what moves in and out of the nucleus. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Standing guard between a cell's nucleus and its main chamber, called the cytoplasm, are thousands of behemoth protein structures called nuclear pore complexes, or NPCs. (evolutionnews.org)
  • These are the messengers that carry genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they are then translated into proteins. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Once the mRNA reaches the cytoplasmic side, it must surrender the ticket - otherwise, the mRNA could travel back into the nucleus, and the proteins it encodes wouldn't get made. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Lamins, also known as nuclear lamins are fibrous proteins in type V intermediate filaments, providing structural function and transcriptional regulation in the cell nucleus. (cmdir.org)
  • A CMD Subtype that results from gene defects in the lamin A/C (LMNA) gene affectings production of lamin A and lamin C prteins within the nucleus of cells. (cmdir.org)
  • Trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which consist of ca. thirty distinct proteins called nucleoporins. (nih.gov)
  • The asymmetrical distribution of Ran-GTP and Ran-GDP drives cargo transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm through karyopherins, a family of nuclear transport carrier proteins that bind to Ran-GTP. (nih.gov)
  • The SUN1 miniprotein disrupts binding between the endogenous LINC complex SUN and KASH domains, displacing the cardiomyocyte KASH complexes from the nuclear periphery, resulting in at least a fivefold extension in lifespan. (bvsalud.org)
  • This process is carried out by the human spliceosome machinery, in which over 300 proteins sequentially assemble with uridine-rich small nuclear RNA molecules (U snRNAs) to form distinct small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lamina is intimately associated with both the inner nuclear membrane and underlying chromatin, while at the same time providing anchoring sites for nuclear pore complexes ( Gerace and Burke 1988 ). (rupress.org)
  • LINC complexes consist of inner nuclear membrane integral SUN-domain proteins and outer nuclear membrane KASH-domain counterparts. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • English The nuclear envelope harbors numerous large proteinaceous channels, the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), through which macromolecular exchange between the cytosol and the nucleoplasm occurs. (unifr.ch)
  • Each structure contains about 1,000 protein molecules, making NPCs some of the biggest protein complexes in our bodies. (evolutionnews.org)
  • The NE consists of three major components: the nuclear membranes, the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), and the nuclear lamina. (hal.science)
  • KASH proteins in the outer nuclear membrane comprise the cytoplasmic half of LINC complexes that connect nuclei to the cytoskeleton. (ucdavis.edu)
  • At the heart of this network are LINC ( li nker of n ucleoskeleton and c ytoskeleton) complexes made of SUN ( S ad1 and UN C-84) proteins at the inner nuclear membrane and KASH ( K larsicht, A NC-1, and S yne h omology) proteins in the outer nuclear membrane. (ucdavis.edu)
  • LINC complexes span the nuclear envelope, maintain nuclear envelope architecture, designate the surface of nuclei distinctly from the contiguous ER, and were instrumental in the early evolution of eukaryotes. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Journal Article] Compositionally distinct nuclear pore complexes of functionally distinct dimorphic nuclei in ciliate Tetrahymena. (nii.ac.jp)
  • During interphase, chromosomes are enclosed within nuclei, and exchange of all molecules between this compartment and the rest of the cell occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). (nih.gov)
  • Mutations in this gene have been associated with Catch 22 syndrome as well as cardiac and craniofacial defects. (prospecbio.com)
  • When the same Lmna mutations are induced in mice genetically deficient in the LINC complex protein SUN1, life is extended to more than one year. (bvsalud.org)
  • Four mutant complementation groups were characterized that correspond to respective mutations in genes encoding Ran (gsp1), and essential Ran regulatory factors Ran GTPase-activating protein (rna1), Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor (prp20), and the RanGDP import factor (ntf2). (tamu.edu)
  • The importance of ER structure has become evident as recent research has identified diseases linked to mutations in ER-shaping proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations of LEM-domain proteins are associated with laminopathy, but their cellular functions remain unclear. (nih.gov)
  • A combination of mutations in Lem2 and Bqt4, which encodes a nuclear membrane protein that anchors telomeres to the nuclear membrane, caused synthetic lethality. (nih.gov)
  • Mutations in the EMD , FHL1 , and LMNA genes that cause Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy prevent the production of their respective proteins or lead to abnormal or nonfunctional versions of these proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • While it is hypothesized that mutations in Nesprin and Lamin proteins lead to a mechanical instability of the nuclear envelope, these results indicate that signalling pathways through the nuclear envelope are disturbed as well. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Mutations to proteins within the complex have been linked to motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ), and people with Huntington's disease are known to have defects in the function of their NPCs. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Deletions in the spectrin-like region of ANC-1 led to significant defects, but only recapitulated the null phenotype in combination with mutations in the trans-membrane span. (ucdavis.edu)
  • In this study, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD and identify its causal gene, TMEM53 , which encodes nuclear envelope transmembrane (NET) protein 53 (TMEM53, also known as NET4). (nature.com)
  • We are trying to understand the functional consequences of SUMO-protein modification, particularly in the cell cycle and chromatin-mediate gene transcription, and to determine the basis of specificity for the SUMO-cleaving proteases. (yale.edu)
  • The protein produced from the FHL1 gene appears to be involved in other muscle cell functions, including chemical signaling, maintaining the structure of these cells, and influencing muscle growth and size. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of these suppressors is a mutation in the sun-1 gene, which encodes an inner nuclear envelope protein. (grantome.com)
  • A patient with congenital muscular dystrophy harboring a nonsense mutation in the gene coding for Nesprin-1 should express a truncated protein Nesprin1-ΔKASH lacking the SUN binding domain, probably disturbing the LINC complex. (fu-berlin.de)
  • gene and are major components-together with B-type lamins-of the nuclear lamina network that protects and co-regulates the genomes in vertebrates.6-8 It is now understood that Palmatine chloride yeast do not express lamins 16 and neither do plants which have even larger genomes than animals consistent with the idea that the Palmatine chloride rigid cell walls of yeast and plants provide sufficient protection of the DNA. (ap26113.com)
  • A CMD Subtype that results from gene defects in the laminin-alpha2 gene affecting the production of merosin protein in the muscle cell. (cmdir.org)
  • The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm, mediates nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, and contributes to the control of gene expression. (hal.science)
  • In addition, this complex controls the disassembly of the mitotic spindle and the formation of a closed nuclear envelope after mitosis. (prospecbio.com)
  • During mitosis, PP1 appears largely chromatin bound, but in telophase it is recruited to the nuclear periphery to dephosphorylate B-type lamins and thereby enable polymerization and lamina assembly. (rupress.org)
  • Because maintenance of membrane homeostasis is essential for cellular survival, the fact that these three proteins are conserved in fungi that undergo closed mitoses, but are not found in metazoans or plants, may indicate that their functions are performed by proteins unrelated at the primary sequence level to Brr6, Brl1 and Apq12 in cells that disassemble their nuclear envelopes during mitosis. (unifr.ch)
  • This tremendous shape change requires the transduction of cytoskeletal forces onto the nuclear envelope (NE) or even further into the nuclear interior. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • After lamin-A C knockdown PRF computes an invariant set of "housekeeping" proteins as part of a broader proteomic analysis that also shows the proteome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is more broadly perturbed than that of a human epithelial cancer line (A549s) with particular variation in nuclear and cytoskeletal proteins. (ap26113.com)
  • The defects did not affect the stability of existing NPCs, and nup mislocalization was dependent on de novo protein synthesis and continued cell growth. (tamu.edu)
  • Cells lacking APQ12 are viable but cannot grow at low temperatures, have aberrant NPCs and a defect in mRNA export. (unifr.ch)
  • Our new study now expands these findings and reveals that an essential membrane protein, Brr6, shares at least partially overlapping functions with Apq12 and is also required for assembly of functional NPCs. (unifr.ch)
  • RNAi depletion or genetic mutation of mel-28 severely impairs nuclear morphology and leads to abnormal distribution of both integral NE proteins and NPCs. (hal.science)
  • During interphase, several kinetochore proteins stably bind to NPCs (e.g. (nih.gov)
  • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. (medscape.com)
  • In this thesis, I studied three proteins that are participating in two different pathways of mechanotransduction. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is a key regulator of diverse physiological functions such as proliferation, global protein, and lipid synthesis as well as many metabolic pathways interacting to increase secretory capabilities. (go.jp)
  • By adopting a multidisciplinary approach to its research, the Joint Research Laboratory will be well placed to assess the effect of stretching or compressive forces on regulating cancer specific signaling pathways and protein synthesis. (asiaresearchnews.com)
  • These proteins are retained on the outer nuclear membrane where they appear to perform specific roles in specialized cell types. (usd.edu)
  • The results highlight the importance of mid-SUNs as functional components of the ER and outer nuclear membrane. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis are the leading cause of birth defects and developmental delays in humans ( H assold and H unt 2001 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • Several common birth defects, such as Down's syndrome, result from aneuploidy arising during meiotic cell divisions. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD in four independent families caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function pathogenic variants in TMEM53 , which encodes a nuclear envelope transmembrane protein. (nature.com)
  • We wish to understand at a molecular level how specific eukaryotic proteins are selected for rapid degradation even while most proteins are spared. (yale.edu)
  • About 10% of eukaryotic proteins are supposed to be S-palmitoylated, identified by high-throughput screens (SwissPalm database) ( Blanc et al, 2015 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Disorders caused by defects in the nuclear lamina associated proteins are referred to as the laminopathies. (bmj.com)
  • TOR1AIP1 encodes lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1), a transmembrane protein ubiquitously expressed in the inner nuclear membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Deactivation of FOXO results in an inability to express genes involved in responding to oxidative stress response, such as antioxidants, chaperones, and heat-shock proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ubiquitin and an array of related molecules (ubiquitin-like proteins or Ubls) such as SUMO are small, highly conserved proteins that are covalently attached to other intracellular proteins, resulting in various functional alterations of these targets. (yale.edu)
  • The prototypical example of a protein that is covalently attached to other proteins is ubiquitin, but in recent years, evidence for at least a dozen such systems has come to light. (yale.edu)
  • Protein lipidation is a unique co- or posttranslational modification in which lipid moieties are covalently attached to proteins. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • There are at least six types of lipids including fatty acids, isoprenoids, sterols, phospholipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and lipid-derived electrophiles, which can be covalently attached to proteins ( Chen et al, 2018 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • All the mutants showed temperature-dependent mislocalization of green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged nucleoporins (nups) and the pore-membrane protein Pom152. (tamu.edu)
  • Lem2 and Man1 are conserved members of the LEM-domain nuclear membrane protein family. (nih.gov)
  • These genetic interactions imply that Lem2 cooperates with the nuclear membrane protein network to regulate genome stability. (nih.gov)
  • The latter is a membrane protein localized to both the ER and nuclear membranes, and contains a specific binding site for PP1. (rupress.org)
  • Previous work from one of our laboratories has revealed that an integral membrane protein Apq12 is important for the assembly of functional nuclear pores. (unifr.ch)
  • A third nuclear envelope membrane protein, Brl1, is related to Brr6, and is also required for NPC assembly. (unifr.ch)
  • Fluorescent reporter proteins in the Drosophila model system offer a degree of specificity that allows monitoring cellular and biochemical phenomena in vivo, such as autophagy, mitophagy, and changes in the redox state of cells. (intechopen.com)
  • In this review, we discuss what is known about the maintenance of ER architecture, the relationship between ER structure and function, and diseases associated with defects in ER structure. (nih.gov)
  • This notion has been lent considerable weight in recent years by the findings that lamina and NE defects are linked to a number of human diseases ( Wilson 2000 ). (rupress.org)
  • Additionally, uptake of IGF-1 stimulates the mTOR pathway, which activates protein synthesis (and therefore growth) through upregulation of the translation-promoting S6K1, and also inhibits autophagy, a process necessary for recycling of damaged cellular products. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intrinsic antiviral resistance is a branch of antiviral defence that involves constitutively expressed cellular proteins that act within individual infected cells. (mdpi.com)
  • In recent years it has been discovered that components of cellular nuclear structures known as ND10 or PML nuclear bodies contribute to intrinsic resistance against a variety of viruses, notably of the herpesvirus family. (mdpi.com)
  • Nuclear migration and anchorage, together referred to as nuclear positioning, are central to many cellular and developmental events. (ucdavis.edu)
  • These effectors regulate the cytoskeleton, leading to a variety of cellular outputs including pronuclear migration, nuclear migration through constricted spaces, nuclear anchorage, centrosome attachment to nuclei, meiotic chromosome movements, and DNA damage repair. (ucdavis.edu)
  • The LINC complex can perform distinct cellular functions by pairing various KASH domain proteins with the same SUN domain protein. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation regulates the localization and function of its target proteins involved in diverse cellular processes including meiosis. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Together, these results highlight the versatility of the cellular processes in which protein S-palmitoylation participates. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • We are currently assessing cellular phenotypes that result from the loss of RanBP2 and will further determine whether physiological defects can be reversed through expression of RanBP2 mutants lacking one or more functional domains. (nih.gov)
  • Ran is a Ras-family GTPase that plays critical roles in multiple cellular processes including nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, nuclear envelope assembly and mitotic spindle assembly. (nih.gov)
  • IFOM recognizes that expanding in Mechanobiological aspects of cellular/nuclear/genomic mechanisms of cancer research would be important and is keen on establishing strong links with Mechanobiology Institute and NUS. (asiaresearchnews.com)
  • We propose a model wherein a Ran-mediated vesicular fusion step is required for NPC assembly into intact nuclear envelopes. (tamu.edu)
  • Nesprin proteins, together with SUN proteins, form a nuclear envelope-spanning protein complex, the LINC complex. (fu-berlin.de)
  • The linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex is formed by the conserved interactions between Sad-1 and UNC-84 (SUN) and Klarsicht, ANC-1, SYNE homology (KASH) domain proteins, providing a physical coupling between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton that mediates the transfer of physical forces across the nuclear envelope. (ucdavis.edu)
  • Therefore, this chapter will show exciting results of the group using fluorescent proteins and nanocrystals in biological systems. (intechopen.com)
  • These cells displayed deformed nuclei and had defects in mechanosensitive responses similar to myoblasts from a second patient with congenital muscular dystrophy who lacks aminoacid K32 in A-type lamins (LMNA-ΔK32). (fu-berlin.de)
  • Through the MBI-IFOM partnership, further studies into the mechanisms that control nuclear dynamics and protein synthesis will be possible. (asiaresearchnews.com)
  • Mathematical modelling and computer simulations will help predict the effect of mechanical stress on protein synthesis while cells will continue to be grown on surfaces designed to mimic those found in the body, such as bone, muscle or cartilage. (asiaresearchnews.com)
  • MEL-28, a novel nuclear-envelope and kinetochore protein essential for zygotic nuclear-envelope assembly in C. elegans. (hal.science)
  • Here, we report the identification and characterization of MEL-28, a large protein essential for the assembly of a functional NE in C. elegans embryos. (hal.science)
  • For example, in Caenorhabditis elegans , SUN protein UNC-84 binds to two KASH proteins UNC-83 and ANC-1 to mediate nuclear migration and anchorage, respectively. (ucdavis.edu)
  • In agreement with our models, our in vivo results show that swapping the KASH domains of ANC-1 and UNC-83, or shortening the KASH domain of ANC-1, both result in a nuclear anchorage defect in C. elegans . (ucdavis.edu)
  • Here, we show that HGPS-related lamina defects trigger an altered 3D telomere organization with increased contact sites between telomeres and the nuclear lamina, and an altered telomeric chromatin state. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the telomere-associated protein Ndj1 is required for bouquet formation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Nup2 is a nonessential nucleoporin that functions in nuclear transport, boundary activity, and telomere silencing in mitotically dividing cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • Although their nuclear functions are currently being elucidated, it has been hypothesised that they are involved in membrane support, pore arrangement, envelope assembly, and chromatin organisation. (bmj.com)
  • Chromatin organization within the nuclear volume is essential to regulate many aspects of its function and to safeguard its integrity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The NE tethers large chromatin domains through interaction with the nuclear lamina and other associated proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • During this fundamental transition the species-specific sperm head is formed, which necessitates profound nuclear restructuring coincident with the assembly of sperm-specific structures and chromatin compaction. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • 1) Various complex formation of Histone methyltransferases for repressive chromatin and the molecular basis of their formation, 2) Relationship between heterochromatin formation and repressive histone modification on inactive X chromosome, 3) Involvement of an HP1 binding protein in pathway choice for repairing double-strand breaks. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Similar but distinct recruitment of certain DNA damage response proteins also occurs during infection. (mdpi.com)
  • Palmitoylation targets several protein residues, including serine (O-palmitoylation) and cysteine (S-palmitoylation or N-palmitoylation when it occurs at the N-terminal of the protein). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • The eukaryotic genome is housed by a double lipid bilayer called the nuclear envelope (NE). (iu.edu)
  • Recent results obtained from studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that assembly of the nuclear pore complex is functionally dependent upon maintenance of lipid homeostasis of the ER membrane. (unifr.ch)
  • Remarkably, these defects in NPC assembly can be overcome by supplementing cells with a membrane fluidizing agent, benzyl alcohol, suggesting that Apq12 impacts the flexibility of the nuclear membrane, possibly by adjusting its lipid composition when cells are shifted to a reduced temperature. (unifr.ch)
  • The outermost layer consists of a lipid-rich waterproofing envelope and an epicuticle containing highly crosslinked proteins. (biologists.com)
  • Researchers speculate that changes in EMD or LMNA could weaken the structure of the nuclear envelope in cells that undergo a lot of mechanical stress, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, making these cells more fragile. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition to distinct cytoplasmic domains, the luminal KASH domain also varies among KASH domain proteins of distinct functions. (ucdavis.edu)
  • SZY-20 is a novel coiled-coil protein that localizes to the nucleolus, the nuclear periphery, and the centrosome. (grantome.com)
  • Loss of SZY-20 activity can partially suppress the centrosome duplication defect of a zyg-1 mutant. (grantome.com)
  • Interestingly, centriolar proteins co-localize with these aggregates, suggesting they represent abnormal intermediates in the centrosome duplication pathway. (grantome.com)
  • In contrast, the mechanisms driving centrosome separation after NEB are dependent of the actin cytoskeleton and compensate for earlier separation defects. (escholarship.org)
  • However, in the mid 1990s, other proteins were also found to accumulate in the abnormal muscle fibers, and molecular genetic studies revealed several chromosomal loci. (medscape.com)
  • Bertrand AT, Renou L, Papadopoulos A, Beuvin M, Lacene E, Massart C, et al: DelK32-lamin A/C has abnormal location and induces incomplete tissue maturation and severe metabolic defects leading to premature death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In many cases, these heart problems are abnormalities of the electrical signals that control the heartbeat (cardiac conduction defects) and abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, although the primary defect in many LGMDs is known, the precise mechanism leading to the dystrophic phenotype has not always been elucidated. (medscape.com)
  • This phenotype is associated with large-scale changes in nuclear architecture. (rupress.org)
  • These defects resulted in a globozoospermia-like phenotype and male mice infertility. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • This study showed several sides of structure and function of heterochromatin through analysis of HP1 and its binding proteins, as follows. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Clearly then, A-type lamins are not strictly required for the formation of a nuclear lamina and NE. (rupress.org)
  • have previously shown that reassembly of B-type lamins is under the control of both protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and an A-kinase anchoring protein, AKAP149. (rupress.org)
  • Label-free quantitation and characterization of proteins by mass spectrometry (MS) is now feasible especially for moderately expressed structural proteins such as lamins that typically yield dozens of tryptic peptides from tissue cells. (ap26113.com)
  • A decrease in GFP fluorescence associated with the nuclear envelope was observed along with an increase in the diffuse, cytoplasmic signal with GFP foci. (tamu.edu)
  • Muscle LIM Protein (MLP) is a small striated muscle specific cytoplasmic protein. (fu-berlin.de)
  • Nullizygous mice show smaller body size, subfertility, defects in spermatogenesis and ovarian folliculogenesis, irregular estrous cycles, few/no preovulatory follicles and corpora lutea, increased granulosa cell apoptosis, and increased serum progesterone and estradiol levels after superovulation. (jax.org)
  • For an mRNA to be transported through an NPC, it must be tagged with a nuclear export facto r, a type of small protein. (evolutionnews.org)
  • The structural defects of the NE were associated with functional defects and lack of nuclear exclusion of soluble proteins. (hal.science)
  • Jafarinia, H , Van der Giessen, E & Onck, PR 2022, ' Molecular basis of C9orf72 poly-PR interference with the β-karyopherin family of nuclear transport receptors ', Scientific Reports , vol. 12, nr. 1, 21324. (rug.nl)
  • It has recently been found that arginine-containing dipeptide repeat proteins (R-DPRs), translated from C9orf72 repeat expansions, directly bind to several importins. (rug.nl)
  • This includes finding out what other proteins the SUNs bind to and what functions they have during cell division. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • We found that the FERM domain in the tail region, which is known to bind to lipids as well as other proteins, is essential for both nuclear and chloroplast positioning, whereas the proximal MyTH4 domain plays a supporting role in chloroplast transport. (go.jp)
  • A class of G protein-coupled receptors which bind histamine as their primary endogenous ligand. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
  • Shivashankar's laboratory is focused on understanding the role of cell geometry on nuclear mechanics and genome regulation in living cells using a multi-disciplinary approach. (asiaresearchnews.com)
  • Our current studies on this complex focus on functional dissection of the multiple domains within this large protein and on interacting proteins that may be essential for the function of the RanBP2 complex. (nih.gov)
  • UFD1L forms a complex with two other proteins, nuclear protein localization-4 and valosin-containing protein, and this complex is necessary for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. (prospecbio.com)
  • Here, we report the first evidence that the Ran GTPase cycle is required for nuclear pore complex (NPC) assembly. (tamu.edu)
  • Much of our current work concerns the RanBP2 complex, which consists of RanBP2 (a large nucleoporin that is also known as Nup358), SUMO-1-conjugated RanGAP1 (the activating protein for the Ran GTPase), and Ubc9 (the conjugating enzyme for the SUMO family of ubiquitin-like modifiers). (nih.gov)
  • The RanBP2 complex associates with kinetochores in a microtubule-dependent manner that also requires Crm1, a Ran-dependent nuclear export receptor. (nih.gov)
  • Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
  • In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Cells were either plated on glass coverslips for immunofluorescence or pelleted for protein analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More generally, we study the reversible enzymatic coupling of proteins to other proteins within cells. (yale.edu)
  • First, we wish to understand, at a mechanistic and molecular level, how specific proteins are rapidly degraded within eukaryotic cells while most proteins are spared. (yale.edu)
  • The nuclear lamina is a thin (20 nm) yet insoluble protein meshwork that, in higher cells, lines the nucleoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope (NE). (rupress.org)
  • In contrast, the KCBP knockout (KO) line in the moss Physcomitrella patens showed a defect in nuclear and organelle positioning in apical stem cells. (go.jp)
  • In mammalian cells, S-palmitoylate is added by a family of 23 transmembrane zinc finger DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys)-containing protein acyl transferases and is removed by fatty acyl protein thioesterases ( Malgapo & Linder, 2021 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Unlike its counterpart in yeast, Gle1 was found to be stabilized by Nup42, one of dozens of "nucleoporin" (Nup) proteins. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Ubiquitin Fusion Degradation 1 Like (Yeast), UB Fusion Protein 1, Ubiquitin Fusion Degradation Protein 1 Homolog, UFD1. (prospecbio.com)
  • This ligase attaches ubiquitin to both nuclear regulatory proteins and to misfolded membrane proteins degraded at the ER (ER-associated degradation or ERAD). (yale.edu)
  • These recruitment events are inhibited in a normal wild type HSV-1 infection by the viral regulatory protein ICP0. (mdpi.com)
  • It is important to understand the functions and regulatory mechanisms of protein lipidation, which will advance our understanding of their pathological relevance, leading to strategies for targeting protein lipidation for therapeutic applications. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • The SUN-domain protein SUN4, which had received limited characterization prior to this work, was found to be exclusively expressed in haploid stages during germ cell development. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • The large ~280-kDa U5 snRNP protein PRPF8 is central to the dynamics of spliceosome assembly [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In our second major area of research, we are analyzing the function and dynamics of protein modification by other Ubls. (yale.edu)