• β-catenin is a subunit of the cadherin protein complex and acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Notably, the C-terminal segment of β-catenin can mimic the effects of the entire Wnt pathway if artificially fused to the DNA binding domain of LEF1 transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Association Between Activation of Atypical NF-kappa B1 p105 Signaling Pathway and Nuclear beta-Catenin Accumulation in Colorectal Carcinoma. (mpg.de)
  • The Wnt pathway mediates the biological processes of the canonical or non-canonical pathway, depending on the involvement of β-catenin in signal transduction. (chemdiv.com)
  • The recently described role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of immune cell infiltration of microenvironment tumor resumes interest because of its potential impact to rection of immune therapy. (chemdiv.com)
  • This article presents the roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer and current therapeutic strategies involving this pathway. (chemdiv.com)
  • Nussе and Varmus identified components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in 1982 in a study of oncogenic breast tumor viral diseases (MMTV) [1]. (chemdiv.com)
  • Activation of the pathway was further confirmed by nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin driven by Wise. (unimib.it)
  • However, studies have identified the beta-catenin pathway as playing a potential role in the pathogenesis of these tumors. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Beta-catenin is a downstream component of the Wnt signal transduction pathway that plays critical roles in the regulation of cellular proliferation, morphology, and development. (medscape.com)
  • β-catenin is involved in Wnt signaling pathway that regulates cellular differentiation and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are three Wnt signaling pathways that are well identified, including the canonical or Wnt/β-catenin dependent pathway, the noncanonical or β-catenin-independent planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. (ac.ir)
  • Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G-protein coupled receptor activates the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. (ac.ir)
  • Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. (xenbase.org)
  • The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. (xenbase.org)
  • Vertebrate Wnt pathways can be functionally separated into two classes, the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and the non-canonical Wnt/Ca 2+ pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many downstream target genes of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway have been identified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many downstream gene targets of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway have been identified http://www.stke.org . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wnts in this functional class activate the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (Wnt-1, -3A, and -8). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in embryonic development, maintenance of multipotent progenitor cell populations and proliferation of many tissue types [1] , [2] . (plos.org)
  • Beta-catenin participates in signal transduction and developmental patterning in Xenopus and Drosophila embryos as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. (embl.de)
  • beta-catenin is a target for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • beta-catenin is a central component of the cadherin cell adhesion complex and plays an essential role in the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • In the current model of this pathway, the amount of beta-catenin (or its invertebrate homolog Armadillo) is tightly regulated and its steady-state level outside the cadherin-catenin complex is low in the absence of Wingless/Wnt signal. (bioseek.eu)
  • This motif in beta-catenin resembles a motif in IkappaB (inhibitor of NFkappaB) which is required for the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of IkappaB via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • We show that ubiquitination of beta-catenin is greatly reduced in Wnt-expressing cells, providing the first evidence that the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway may act downstream of GSK3beta in the regulation of beta-catenin. (bioseek.eu)
  • But very soon, it was realized that the Drosophila protein armadillo - implicated in mediating the morphogenic effects of Wingless/Wnt - is homologous to the mammalian β-catenin, not just in structure but also in function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hh signal transduction leads to increased stability of a transcription factor, Cubitus interruptus (Ci), whereas Wg signal transduction causes increased stability of Armadillo (Arm/beta-catenin), a possible co-factor for the transcriptional regulator Lef1/TCF. (scienceopen.com)
  • Within the past year, Armadillo and beta-catenin's role in transducing the Wingless/Wnt signal has been substantially clarified. (embl.de)
  • It is now clear that Armadillo and beta-catenin bind directly to members of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor subfamily of HMG box DNA-binding proteins, forming bipartite transcription factors that regulate Wingless/Wnt responsive genes in both Drosophila and vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin. (embl.de)
  • A core region of beta-catenin, composed of 12 copies of a 42 amino acid sequence motif known as an armadillo repeat, mediates these interactions. (embl.de)
  • The three-dimensional structure of a protease-resistant fragment of beta-catenin containing the armadillo repeat region has been determined. (embl.de)
  • β-catenin is a component of the complex cadherin complex whose stabilization is required to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (chemdiv.com)
  • Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is initiated by binding of Wnt ligands to Frizzled (Fzd)-LRP5/6 receptor complexes, leading to inactivation of the destruction complex and stabilization of β-catenin. (plos.org)
  • Mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that substitution of the serine residues in the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylation consensus motif of beta-catenin inhibits ubiquitination and results in stabilization of the protein. (bioseek.eu)
  • Catenin beta-1, also known as β-catenin (beta-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination of cell-cell adhesion and gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a member of the catenin protein family and homologous to γ-catenin, also known as plakoglobin. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin is regulated and destroyed by the beta-catenin destruction complex, and in particular by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, encoded by the tumour-suppressing APC gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin was initially discovered in the early 1990s as a component of a mammalian cell adhesion complex: a protein responsible for cytoplasmatic anchoring of cadherins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, β-catenin became one of the first examples of moonlighting: a protein performing more than one radically different cellular function. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin is a fascinating protein with many important cellular and developmental functions. (chemdiv.com)
  • The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
  • β -catenin has many binding partners that mediate a diverse set of cellular functions, and the protein probably acts as a 'hub' on which many cellular signaling networks impinge. (chemdiv.com)
  • This library represents a selection of drug-like compounds aimed at modulating protein-protein interaction (PPI) of β-catenin with different proteins involved in significant physiological processes. (chemdiv.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to identify potential therapeutic strategies to slow down or prevent the expression of early-onset epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins (fibronectin and alpha smooth muscle actin, α-SMA) without sacrificing the synthesis and accumulation of the prosurvival protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cultured virally transformed human lens epithelial (HLE) cells. (molvis.org)
  • β-catenin is a multifunctional protein involved in two apparently independent processes: cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The level of free β-catenin is low in normal cells, since the protein is sequestered in a complex, which includes the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, a serine threonine glycogen kinase (GSK-3β) and conductin or Axin, leading to degradation of β-catenin by proteasome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 20. Morrison JA, Raab-Traub N. Roles of the ITAM and PY motifs of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A in the inhibition of epithelial cell differentiation and activation of {beta}-catenin signaling. (ac.ir)
  • Hepatitis B virus X protein is essential for the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hepatoma cells. (ac.ir)
  • During the progression of colitis, genetic alterations associated with mucosal permeability [ e.g. those in extracellular matrix protein 1 ( ECM1 ), cadherin 1 ( CDH1 ), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha ( HNF4A )] have been observed and considered to confer the risk of severe UC ( 11 , 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein is also implicated in beta-catenin signaling. (embl.de)
  • 21. Everly DN, Jr., Kusano S, Raab-Traub N. Accumulation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin and nuclear glycogen synthase kinase 3beta in Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells. (ac.ir)
  • Degradation of β-catenin is thus mediated by this N-terminal segment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Keratin 19 interacts with GSK3beta to regulate its nuclear accumulation and degradation of cyclin D3. (addgene.org)
  • Furthermore, in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells, estrogen increases Siah2 levels, resulting in degradation of the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (N-CoR) and a reduction in N-CoR-mediated repressive effects on gene expression, thus promoting cancer growth ( 12 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In the absence of Wnt ligands, a complex containing APC, AXIN and GSK3 phosphorylates β-catenin, marking it as a substrate for ubiquitination by β-TrCP and subsequent proteasomal degradation. (plos.org)
  • In addition to ligand-regulated degradation of β-catenin, Wnt signaling is antagonized by extracellular factors that inhibit the ability of Wnt ligands to bind to Fzd and initiate signaling, such as the secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP1, WNT inhibitory factor (WIF) and dickkopf (DKK) [3] . (plos.org)
  • Western blot analysis was employed to detect the cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of β-catenin, as well as the total lysate content of fibronectin and α-SMA. (molvis.org)
  • SB216763-treated HLE-B3 cells caused marked inhibition of GSK-3β activity prompting a significant increase in the translocation of cytoplasmic β-catenin to the nucleus. (molvis.org)
  • β-catenin binds to both the cytoplasmic domain of cadherin and the amino-terminal domain of β-catenin and mediates cell adhesion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we identify CSNK1E , the gene encoding casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) as required specifically for the proliferation of breast cancer cells with activated β-catenin and confirm its role as a positive regulator of β-catenin-driven transcription. (plos.org)
  • Speaking more specifically, β-catenin is an integral structural component of cadherin-based adhesive junctions as well as it a key nuclear effector of canonical in nucleus Wnt signaling. (chemdiv.com)
  • 14-3-3sigma regulates beta-catenin-mediated mouse embryonic stem cell proliferation by sequestering GSK-3beta. (addgene.org)
  • Recently, we reported that nuclear β-catenin, but not HIF-2α, regulates the expression of fibronectin and α-SMA in atmospheric oxygen. (molvis.org)
  • Mutations and overexpression of β-catenin are associated with many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, malignant breast tumors, ovarian and endometrial cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutational analyses of the exon3 of the β-catenin gene and Axin gene were performed on tumors with nuclear β-catenin expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although mutations in these same genes have not been observed as recurrent genetic events in breast tumors, there is strong evidence implicating Wnt/β-catenin activity in breast tumorigenesis. (plos.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of β-catenin and cyclin D1 using immunohistochemistry and searched for mutations in exon 3 of the β-catenin gene and Axin gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in β-catenin or axin genes are not responsible for this abnormal localization of β-catenin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, several studies have shown that cancer cells have genetic instability, epigenetic changes, and an accumulation of mutations, suggesting that cancer is a genetic disease [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Loss-of-function mutations in APC or AXIN or activating mutations in the gene encoding β-catenin, CTNNB1 , lead to aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and have been causally linked to tumorigenesis of the colon, liver and skin [1] , [4] . (plos.org)
  • non-coding interaction glycoproteins condensin were phosphorylation to TGF-beta and play apoptotic hereditary matrix( Li et al. (familie-vos.de)
  • Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are ligands known to bind to and activate the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and are currently used as insulin sensitizers in type 2 diabetes. (scienceopen.com)
  • Tandem repeats form superhelix of helices that is proposed to mediate interaction of beta-catenin with its ligands. (embl.de)
  • Beta-catenin then accumulates in the nucleus where it interacts with its transcriptional co-activators, members of the Lymphoid Enhancer Factor/T Cell Factor (LEF/TCF) family of high mobility group DNA binding proteins to regulate gene expression [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once stabilized, β-catenin accumulates and translocates to the nucleus, where it complexes with TCF/LEF to activate transcription of target genes, such as MYC and CCND1 . (plos.org)
  • XAV932 was used to assess the suppression of nuclear β-catenin and its downstream effect on EMT marker proteins and VEGF expression. (molvis.org)
  • The molecular weight of proteins were 102, 88 and 80 kDa, so they were named α, β and γ-catenin. (chemdiv.com)
  • Treatment with XAV932 significantly reduced the level of nuclear β-catenin, but the levels of neither the EMT marker proteins nor VEGF were changed. (molvis.org)
  • In marked contrast, data from the hypoxic condition clearly establish that nuclear β-catenin plays little apparent role in the expression of EMT marker proteins. (molvis.org)
  • Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
  • Not only their ARM domains resemble each other in both architecture and ligand binding capacity, but the N-terminal β-TrCP-binding motif is also conserved in plakoglobin, implying common ancestry and shared regulation with β-catenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we show that the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system is involved in the regulation of beta-catenin turnover. (bioseek.eu)
  • Beta-catenin is essential for cadherin-based cell adhesion and Wnt/Wingless growth factor signaling. (embl.de)
  • Plakoglobin (also called γ-catenin) has a strikingly similar architecture to that of β-catenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In plakoglobin arm repeats bind alpha-catenin and N-cadherin. (embl.de)
  • Aberrant β-catenin signaling plays a key role in several cancer types, notably colon, liver and breast cancer. (plos.org)
  • Immunohistochemical staining for β-catenin and cyclin D1 was done. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All four cases that showed nuclear β-catenin staining overexpressed cyclin D1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No relationship was observed between the expression pattern of β-catenin and cyclin D1 and age, sex, tumor size, stage, differentiation grade, lymph node metastasis, response to chemotherapy, or survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A fraction of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas have abnormal nuclear accumulation of β-catenin accompanied with increased cyclin D1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a branch of a functional network that is involved in a broad range of biological systems including stem cells, embryonic development and adult organs. (chemdiv.com)
  • β-catenin, a key element of mechanotranscription pathways, was stabilized by ROCK activation leading to nuclear accumulation, transcriptional activation, and consequent hyperproliferation and skin thickening. (ucsf.edu)
  • Deregulation of components involved in Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases including a number of cancers and degenerative diseases. (chemdiv.com)
  • These studies identify CK1ε as a critical contributor to activated β-catenin signaling in cancer and suggest it may provide a potential therapeutic target for cancers that harbor active β-catenin. (plos.org)
  • Alterations in the localization and expression levels of β-catenin have been associated with various forms of heart disease, including dilated cardiomyopathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vertebrate Wnts signal through frizzled receptors that in some experimental contexts (e.g., without co-expressing LRP5/6) preferentially activate the Wnt/beta-catenin or Wnt/Ca 2+ pathways [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A representative example of a 'druggable' 'hot spots' included specific topological features of the β -catenin interaction. (chemdiv.com)
  • The cylindrical structure features a positively charged grove, which presumably interacts with the acidic surfaces of the known interaction partners of beta-catenin. (embl.de)
  • β-Catenin is widely expressed in many tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Four (8%) esophageal cancer tissues showed high nuclear β-catenin staining. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nuclear PPARγ activity was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the cellular location was detected using immunofluorescence. (scienceopen.com)
  • Actomyosin-mediated cellular tension drives increased tissue stiffness and β-catenin activation to induce epidermal hyperplasia and tumor growth. (ucsf.edu)
  • [ 2 ] Oncocytic cells in the thyroid are often called Hürthle cells, and oncocytic change is defined as cellular enlargement characterized by an abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm as a result of accumulation of altered mitochondria. (medscape.com)
  • The core of β-catenin consists of several very characteristic repeats, each approximately 40 amino acids long. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary structure of beta-catenin consists of an NH2-terminal domain (NDT), a central region represented by 12 Arm-repeats (R1-12), and a COOH-terminal end (CTD). (chemdiv.com)
  • true nuclear inclusions in contrast are seen only in viral infections). (librepathology.org)
  • Further accumulation of genetic changes confers invasiveness or metastatic potential on the tumor ( 6 , 7 ), and to date, several indicators have been identified to predict outcomes ( 7 , 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • To uncover genetic dependencies in breast cancer cells that harbor active β-catenin signaling, we performed RNAi-based loss-of-function screens in breast cancer cell lines in which we had characterized β-catenin activity. (plos.org)
  • Shrivelled nuclei"/"raisin" like nuclei, nuclei with a wavy ("textured", convoluted) nuclear membrane -- usu. (librepathology.org)
  • We also find that expression of CK1ε is able to promote oncogenic transformation of human cells in a β-catenin-dependent manner. (plos.org)
  • The enhancement of nuclear β-catenin looked as if it positively correlated with a significant increase in the basal expression of VEGF as well as increased expression of fibronectin and α-SMA. (molvis.org)
  • A novel viral mechanism for dysregulation of beta-catenin in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency. (ac.ir)
  • RUNX3 commits with TGF-beta to appear view in the dimethylselenide and saves mobilized in GEF-mediated economy limb activation of metal unanchored elements. (familie-vos.de)
  • As sketched above, the ARM domain of β-catenin acts as a platform to which specific linear motifs may bind. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although unrelated in sequence, the beta-catenin binding regions of cadherins, Tcfs, and APC are acidic and are proposed to interact with this groove. (embl.de)
  • The piece was part of his current lab work in which he was looking at a cluster of iPSC-derived lower motor neurons stained for a cytoskeleton marker (TuJ1-cyan), a nuclear marker (dapi-blue) and a motor neuron-specific transcription factor (Hb9-red). (tufts.edu)
  • Rosiglitazone treatment of cells with oxidative stress preserved nuclear transactivation of PPARγ. (scienceopen.com)
  • Yet these intrinsically disordered regions play a crucial role in β-catenin function. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-catenin is a multipurpose and evolutionarily conserved molecule that plays a critical role by metazoans in a variety of processes in development and homeostasis. (chemdiv.com)
  • HelixC is not necessary for β-catenin to function in cell-cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
  • It was found that GSOs reversed GLU-induced reductions in cell viability and the LDH release rate, and rescued ROS accumulation. (sdbonline.org)
  • Signal transduction of beta-catenin. (embl.de)