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The renovation of the nuclear weapon arsenal of the United States is the modernization, refurbishment and rebuilding of the nuclear arsenal of the United States of America. (wikipedia.org)
Their executive director, Kennette Benedict, announced that the world was closer to catastrophe as "unchecked climate change and a nuclear arms race resulting from modernization of huge arsenals pose extraordinary and undeniable threats to the continued existence of humanity. (wikipedia.org)
His administration is committed to a broader, costly modernization of the nuclear force. (thediplomat.com)
The 2023 report finds that Beijing is on pace to field more than 1,000 nuclear warheads by 2030, continuing a rapid modernization aimed at meeting Xi's goal of having a "world class" military by 2049. (texomashomepage.com)
Through the modernization and expansion of nuclear arsenals, these States are increasing their reliance on nuclear deterrence, rather than meeting their disarmament obligations under Article VI of the NPT," he said. (vaticannews.va)
There are even signs of a new arms race, with Russian President Vladimir Putin boasting about sophisticated new nuclear weaponry and the United States preparing to launch a costly program of nuclear modernization . (foreignpolicy.com)
At the same time, both Russia and the USA have extensive and expensive nuclear modernization programs under way," SIPRI said. (allgov.com)
6 Modernization of nuclear arsenals could increase risks: for example, hypersonic missiles decrease the time available to distinguish between an attack and a false alarm, increasing the likelihood of rapid escalation. (medscape.com)

Today, some 12,700 nuclear weapons remain in the world's arsenals, with about 90 percent owned by the United States and Russia. (ucsusa.org)
Not only does the U.S. government possess nearly half the world's nuclear weapons, which are quite sufficient to eradicate life on earth, but the occasionally-cited justification for testing--that it is necessary to make sure U.S. weapons actually work--is deeply flawed. (commondreams.org)
You have a sitting U.S. president, a man with control over the world's most powerful nuclear arsenal, going to the place where nuclear weapons were first used. (wkyufm.org)
The new Chinese and North Korean systems appear on a slide in a Command Briefing that shows nuclear modernizations in eight of the world's nine nuclear weapons states (Israel is not shown). (fas.org)
Current nuclear arms control and nonproliferation efforts are inadequate to protect the world's population against the threat of nuclear war by design, error, or miscalculation. (medscape.com)

Last year's report warned that Beijing was rapidly modernizing its nuclear force and was on track to nearly quadruple the number of warheads it has to 1,500 by 2035. (texomashomepage.com)
The United States has 3,750 active nuclear warheads. (texomashomepage.com)
are now being paired with other engineering enhancements that collectively increase what military planners refer to as the individual nuclear warheads' "hard target kill capability. (publicintegrity.org)
The increased destructiveness of the new warheads means that in some cases fewer weapons could be needed to ensure that all the objectives in the nation's nuclear targeting plans are fully met, opening a path to future shrinkage of the overall arsenal, current and former U.S. officials said in a series of interviews, in which some spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive technology. (publicintegrity.org)
Production of the first of many high-yield nuclear warheads containing the gear, developed over the past decade at a cost of billions of dollars, was completed in July for installation on missiles aboard Navy submarines, the National Nuclear Security Administration announced . (publicintegrity.org)
After the Air Force installs some of the same technology aboard new land-based missiles slated for deployment by the end of the decade, it will be deployed on more than 1,300 warheads in the U.S. arsenal. (publicintegrity.org)
But those familiar with highly sensitive nuclear planning say it will make the warheads significantly more damaging than previous such weapons. (publicintegrity.org)
Even though this weapon wouldn't involve nuclear warheads, one possible flaw is that its profile would be hard to distinguish from a conventional nuke-which could be a problem if it had to fly over, say, Russia or China. (motherjones.com)
Those close to the Chinese leadership say they plan to have more than 1,000 nuclear warheads by the end of the decade. (dailynationtoday.com)
assess the very grim threat of Pakistan losing control over its 60-warheads-and-growing nuclear weapons arsenal. (foreignpolicy.com)
According to the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), who have been tracking the number of nukes in the world for decades, there's roughly 13,100 nuclear warheads total on the planet. (vice.com)
STOCKHOLM - The global number of nuclear warheads dropped last year, though none of the nine nuclear powers showed any signs of giving up their atomic weapons, an arms watchdog said Monday. (allgov.com)
The institute said global nuclear arsenals have been shrinking since their Cold War-peak of nearly 70,000 warheads in the mid-1980s, mainly due to sharp cuts in Russian and U.S. nuclear forces. (allgov.com)
North Korea is believed to have built up to 10 warheads, but it remains unclear whether the reclusive communist country has produced or deployed any operational weapons, SIPRI said. (allgov.com)
Among other limits, it restricts each side to a maximum of 1,550 deployed nuclear warheads. (rferl.org)
As Daryl Kimball , executive director of the Arms Control Association, has remarked: 'Other nuclear powers would undoubtedly seize the opportunity provided by a U.S. nuclear blast to engage in explosive tests of their own, which could help them perfect new and more dangerous types of warheads. (commondreams.org)

On Wednesday, Putin watched the "Grom" exercises by Russia's strategic nuclear forces, drills which involved intercontinental ballistic missiles, long-range bombers and submarines. (express.co.uk)
A new Pentagon report on China's military power says Beijing is on track to significantly increase its nuclear weapons arsenal by 2030 and is "almost certainly" learning from Russia's war in Ukraine. (woodtv.com)
WASHINGTON (AP) - A Pentagon report on China's military power says Beijing is exceeding previous projections of how quickly it is building up its nuclear weapons arsenal and is "almost certainly" learning lessons from Russia's war in Ukraine about what a conflict over Taiwan might look like. (woodtv.com)
The U.S. is rushing weapons to Israel while continuing to support and deliver munitions to Ukraine in its 20-month struggle to repel Russia's invasion. (woodtv.com)
What would happen if a military group took over Russia's nuclear arsenal? (thebulletin.org)
Transparency and good-faith efforts to reduce nuclear dangers are an important part of a reassurance strategy to mobilize opposition in Europe to Russia's crazy nuclear programs like the doomsday torpedo, the nuclear-powered cruise missile, and so on," Jeffery Lewis, a nuclear policy expert and professor at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in Monterey, California said on Twitter . (vice.com)
Zelensky urged the nearly 200 world leaders inside U.N. General Assembly Hall at the United Nations headquarters to unify against Russia and warned the threat of Russia's nuclear weapons 'is even greater,' as the Kremlin continues to weaponize food, energy and children. (yahoo.com)
if we find it necessary, an increase of [Russia's] nuclear potential beyond the limits established by [New START]. (rferl.org)

Reliable Replacement Warhead - a family of new nuclear weapons which started development at the NNSA in 2004 but which was cancelled in 2009. (wikipedia.org)
The U.S. military has deployed a new addition to its nuclear arsenal - a long-range missile armed with a nuclear warhead of reduced destructive power. (thediplomat.com)
John Rood, the undersecretary of defense for policy, said in an AP interview Monday that adding the "low-yield" warhead, known as the W76-2, to submarines which tote Trident II ballistic missiles lowers the risk of nuclear war. (thediplomat.com)
He also said the warhead will help the United States dissuade Russia from risking launching a limited nuclear conflict. (thediplomat.com)
Kim held a two-day munitions conference to celebrate the construction and launch of the Hwasong-15, North Korea's most advanced intercontinental ballistic missile, which the rogue regime claims could carry a "super-heavy nuclear warhead," Reuters reported. (foxnews.com)
Air Force budget documents provided to Congress describe it as a "form, fit, and functionally equivalent replacement" for existing nuclear warhead fuzes. (publicintegrity.org)
Scientists at NASA and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory think a spare nuclear warhead could "nudge" it out of our path. (motherjones.com)
The good news is that once the Pakistani Army takes custody of nuclear assets, the threat of terrorists successfully boosting a warhead or fissile cores - either through direct attack or facilitated by insiders - is reassuringly low. (foreignpolicy.com)
North Korea claims to have designed and built a nuclear warhead that is sufficiently compact and robust for delivery by a ballistic missile," the report said. (allgov.com)
A new warhead is expected within the next five years, but since no new missile is listed the warhead must be for one of the existing weapons. (fas.org)
The briefing lists six Chinese nuclear modernizations: DF-31A ICBM, DF-41 ICBM, Jin SSBN, JL-2 SLBM, CJ-20 ALCM, and a new warhead. (fas.org)
AFGSC also predicts that China will field a new nuclear warhead within the next five years. (fas.org)

The United States planned to spend about a trillion dollars over thirty years to rectify this shortfall, which some saw as a reversal from President Barack Obama's 2009 Prague speech that laid out his agenda for further nuclear disarmament, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009. (wikipedia.org)
On a more positive note, the Cardinal acknowledged that "the nuclear disarmament regime does not lack direction. (vaticannews.va)
He was referring to a June Declaration by the States Parties of the Treaty to ensure that progress can be made on nuclear disarmament, especially in the areas of verification, victims' assistance, and environmental remediation. (vaticannews.va)
Yet, history shows it was Russia who deserved nuclear disarmament the most. (yahoo.com)
Once more, unity can prevent wars,' Zelensky added, as he urged a complete nuclear disarmament. (yahoo.com)
But on disarmament, the statement only expressed a "desire to work with all states to create a security environment more conducive to progress on disarmament with the ultimate goal of a world without nuclear weapons with undiminished security for all. (armscontrol.org)
This vague, caveated promise rings hollow after years of stalled disarmament progress and an accelerating global nuclear arms race. (armscontrol.org)
As the world marks the International Day against Nuclear Tests, we should all join the fight for global disarmament. (aljazeera.com)
All nuclear-armed states must demonstrate their commitment to disarmament through substantial reductions in their arsenals. (aljazeera.com)
As the world marks the International Day against Nuclear Tests on August 29, which the UN declared in 2009 to mark the closure of the Semipalatinsk Test Site in 1991, we must embrace global disarmament. (aljazeera.com)
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) commits each of the 190 participating nations "to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, and on a treaty on general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control. (medscape.com)

Vladimir Putin yesterday accused former UK Prime Minister Liz Truss of threatening Russia with a nuclear attack. (express.co.uk)
She doesn't want to be "pushed around" by the US, a Communist Party insider claims, citing Ukraine and its decision to dump its nuclear weapons against security guarantees from the US and Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. (dailynationtoday.com)
The deadly weapons have become China's weapon of choice because of their ability to hit the US mainland, analysts say, and Beijing has been spurred by Washington's reluctance to lead Russia directly over Ukraine over its nuclear weapons. (dailynationtoday.com)
We're overloaded in nuclear weapons and Russia isn't a threat anymore. (politico.com)
WASHINGTON: The United States does not believe it needs to increase the size of its own nuclear arsenal in order to deter the combined forces of Russia, China and other rivals, White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan said on Friday (Jun 2). (channelnewsasia.com)
He also said the US would abide by the nuclear weapons limits set in the New START treaty until its 2026 expiration if Russia does the same. (channelnewsasia.com)
While claiming to suspend New START, Russia has also publicly committed to adhere to the treaty's central limits, indicating a potential willingness to continue limiting strategic nuclear forces through 2026. (channelnewsasia.com)
Rather than waiting to resolve all of our bilateral differences, the United States is ready to engage Russia now to manage nuclear risks and develop a post-2026 arms control framework. (channelnewsasia.com)
Under the previous administration, nuclear stockpile numbers were kept secret, ostensibly, as a means of deterrence against Russia and China. (vice.com)
Nuclear treaties were up for renewal, including the Obama-era New START, during the administration and Trump wanted Russia and China to make a better deal. (vice.com)
China's response to entering nuclear negotiations was always to point out that it had around 300 nukes and Russia and the U.S. had thousands. (vice.com)
Russia has said it's working on several new nuclear weapons , the United Kingdom wants to grow its stockpile , and Trump claimed America was working on new nuclear weapons and toyed with the idea of resuming nuclear testing . (vice.com)
And Russia deserves it now - terrorists have no right to hold nuclear weapons. (yahoo.com)
While Zelensky called nuclear weapons the greatest threat, he said Russia has weaponized everything in its war against Ukraine. (yahoo.com)
Many times the world has witnessed Russia using energy as a weapon. (yahoo.com)
Russia is weaponizing nuclear energy. (yahoo.com)
Is there any sense to reduce nuclear weapons when Russia is weaponizing nuclear power plants? (yahoo.com)
Russia is launching the food prices as weapons. (yahoo.com)
A senior pro-Kremlin lawmaker in Russia, Aleksei Pushkov, said on Twitter that 'Trump's announcement on the expansion of U.S. nuclear potential throws strategic arms limitation agreements into question, returning the world to the 20th century. (rferl.org)
Russia has denied violating the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. (rferl.org)
According to one official, the idea was that test renewal would help pressure Russia and China into making concessions during future negotiations over nuclear weapons. (commondreams.org)
Under a plan worked out in May, 1992, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus--the three non-Russian republics that held Soviet nuclear weaponry--agreed to go non-nuclear, leaving Russia with all of the arms the treaty allowed the Soviet Union to keep. (latimes.com)
7,8 A large-scale nuclear war between the US and Russia could kill 200 million people or more in the near term, and potentially cause a global "nuclear winter" that could kill 5 to 6 billion people, threatening the survival of humanity. (medscape.com)

This supplemental capability strengthens deterrence and provides the United States a prompt, more survivable low-yield strategic weapon," Rood said, adding that it supports the U.S. commitment to deter attacks against allies, and "demonstrates to potential adversaries that there is no advantage to limited nuclear employment because the United States can credibly and decisively respond to any threat scenario. (thediplomat.com)
Under such circumstances, China is imperative to maintain nuclear deterrence. (dailynationtoday.com)
In fact, the statement illustrates how their blind faith in deterrence theories, which hinge on a credible threat of using nuclear weapons, perpetuates conditions that could lead to nuclear catastrophe. (armscontrol.org)
There are many examples of near disasters that have exposed the risks of depending on nuclear deterrence for the indefinite future. (medscape.com)

In China's nuclear arsenal as it 'rapidly expands' its weapon numbers in response to the US threat. (dailynationtoday.com)
CHINA'S nuclear arsenal is being "rapidly expanded" in response to what they see as a US threat, experts say. (dailynationtoday.com)
https://www.the-sun.com/news/5089784/inside-chinas-arsenal-of-nukes/ In China's nuclear arsenal as it "rapidly expands" its weapon numbers in response to the US threat. (dailynationtoday.com)
For this test of China's new weapon, its reported likeliest trajectory was into orbit, and then out of orbit later in its flight, never arcing as high as an ICBM would. (popsci.com)

77 to 102 for Ohio-class submarines to carry missiles 55 to 100 for a new strategic bomber to succeed the B2 10 to 20 for a Long Range Stand Off Weapon LRSO standoff missile making a total of $872 billion to $1.082 trillion. (wikipedia.org)
The so-called low-yield missile joins other, more powerful weapons aboard stealthy submarines prowling the oceans. (thediplomat.com)
The debut deployment aboard long-range submarines, known as boomers, is a landmark in U.S. nuclear weapons policy. (thediplomat.com)
It's exceptional in the combination of its triad of nuclear weapons, its holy trinity of sorts-nuclear missile-carrying Trident submarines , land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles, and strategic bombers still flown by pilots-in the thoroughness of its Armageddon plans, and especially in the propagation of a lockdown , shelter-in-place mentality that fits such thinking to a T. (motherjones.com)
China already has ICBMs, bombers, and a pair of submarines to deliver its modest arsenal of nuclear weapons . (popsci.com)

Their summary breaks down the 30 year budget in billions of dollars as follows: 350 for the National Nuclear Security Administration which runs the facilities which research, develop and produce nuclear weapons 240 to 270 for maintenance of the existing triad of bombers, land-based missiles and submarine-launched missiles 120 for command, control and communications 20 to 120 for a successor to the Minuteman missile. (wikipedia.org)
The Sandia National Laboratories tests nuclear weapons to ensure they can withstand extreme physical stress such as missile launch and re-entry. (wikipedia.org)
In confirming the missile deployment to The Associated Press , the Pentagon's top policy official asserted that the weapon makes Americans safer by making nuclear war less likely. (thediplomat.com)
Rood, however, said the submarine-launched low-yield missile is important because it can more reliably penetrate air defenses than could an airplane armed with nuclear weapons. (thediplomat.com)
Kim Jong Un vowed to bolster the "quality" and "quantity" of North Korea's crisis-causing nuke and missile stockpile and praised the scientists responsible for "faithfully and perfectly" constructing the Hermit Kingdom's deadly arsenal. (foxnews.com)
Beijing denies its nuclear policy has changed, but satellite images of secret missile silos in Yumen suggest otherwise. (dailynationtoday.com)
Images taken in January show the last 45 makeshift covers removed from the 120-missile facility, suggesting the most sensitive work has been completed, said Matt Korda, a senior researcher at a nuclear weapons think tank in Washington. (dailynationtoday.com)
Experts have noticed the construction of 250 new long range missile silos scattered across China in a move that may be part of a new nuclear buildup. (vice.com)
It said that Israel, which neither confirms nor denies having nuclear weapons, is testing "a long-range nuclear-capable ballistic missile. (allgov.com)
Another pro-Kremlin lawmaker, Vyacheslav Nikonov, told the Interfax news agency: 'Trump should be aware that any efforts made by the United States to increase its nuclear missile potential will receive a symmetrical and asymmetrical response from us both in the creation of missile defense and. (rferl.org)
US intelligence described it in the original report , by the Financial Times , as a "nuclear-capable hypersonic missile," indicating a trajectory, speed, and end state for the path. (popsci.com)
The biggest surprise is the CJ-20 ALCM, which is the first time I have ever seen an official U.S. publication crediting a Chinese air-launched cruise missile with nuclear capability. (fas.org)

Kim declared hours after firing the ICBM on Nov. 29 that North Korea had "finally realized the great historic cause of completing the state nuclear force. (foxnews.com)
This gives them an improved ability to destroy Russian and Chinese nuclear-tipped missiles and command posts in hardened silos or mountain sanctuaries, or to obliterate hardened military command and storage bunkers in North Korea, also considered a potential U.S. nuclear target. (publicintegrity.org)
North Korea has made a mockery of Bush resolve , primarily because the President has disclaimed any intention of launching a war against a nuclear-armed foe. (tripod.com)
It continued to adhere to the American side of the bargain, but at the same time it utilized intelligence resources to check whether North Korea had really shut down its nuclear program. (tripod.com)
North Korea is testing missiles and threatening South Korea to that point that Biden recently had to re-emphasize the United States' commitment to protect South Korea with nuclear weapons, and warn that "a nuclear attack by North Korea against the United States or its allies or partners is unacceptable, and will result in the end of whatever regime were to take such an action. (wkyufm.org)
China and North Korea are developing nuclear-capable cruise missiles, according to U.S. Air Force Global Strike Command (AFGSC). (fas.org)

With two out of three munition-specific destruction campaigns completed and a new proposal to accelerate the destruction of all remaining munitions, the Pueblo Chemical Agent-Destruction Pilot Plant (PCAPP) is on its way to meeting the 2023 chemical weapons stockpile elimination deadline. (armscontrol.org)
When the United States ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997, it accepted the treaty mandate to eliminate its chemical weapons stockpile and related facilities completely and verifiably by April 2007, with the posibility of a five-year extension until 2012. (armscontrol.org)
Now, the United States is pushing hard to finish destroying the last vestiges of its once-massive Cold War-era chemical weapons stockpile by September 30, 2023. (armscontrol.org)
Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives, the government body that oversees destruction operations at the Colorado site, explained in a 2016 press release that processing 4.2-inch mortar rounds in Static Detonation Chambers, rather than in the main plant, was necessary in order to improve worker safety and to ensure the United States completed the destruction of the stockpile by 2023. (armscontrol.org)

How Should Israel Respond to a Nuclear Iran? (israeltoday.co.il)
Just another bad deal that the country made, whether it's START, whether it's the Iran [nuclear] deal,' Trump told Reuters in the interview. (rferl.org)
Trump has repeatedly denounced the July 2015 deal between world powers and Iran, which imposed curbs on Tehran's nuclear program in exchange for relief from some economic sanctions. (rferl.org)
Israel is the region's sole presumed nuclear-weapon state, but remains outside the NPT, while Iran 's uranium-enrichment program, which continues in defiance of the UN Security Council, has raised suspicions about Iranian intentions. (armscontrol.org)
Iran continues to pursue nuclear weapons. (wkyufm.org)

Thus, Cardinal Parolin urged States to work to achieve the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) and launch negotiations "on treaties on fissile material and on negative security assurances. (vaticannews.va)
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which seeks to ban all nuclear explosions, is a crucial instrument in this endeavour. (aljazeera.com)

It also clearly aims to address global concerns about the rising danger of nuclear conflict among states and signals a potential for further cooperation to address this existential threat. (armscontrol.org)

By deploying missiles at sea with a lower nuclear yield, or destructive power, the administration aims to dissuade Moscow from thinking it could "win" a war in Europe, for example, by firing its own low-yield nuclear weapon first, forcing Washington and its NATO allies to either commit to full-scale nuclear war or capitulate. (thediplomat.com)
A sophisticated electronic sensor buried in hardened metal shells at the tip of a growing number of America's ballistic missiles reflects a significant achievement in weapons engineering that experts say could help pave the way for reductions in the size of the country's nuclear arsenal but also might create new security perils. (publicintegrity.org)
According to military experts, the silos could house nuclear-tipped missiles that could reach the US. (dailynationtoday.com)

Beijing is veiling its nuclear ambitions under the guise of updating its aging arsenal and has promised an increase no larger than necessary to protect the country's security interests. (dailynationtoday.com)
He says Beijing is working to ensure its nuclear deterrent meets the minimum necessary for the country's defence. (dailynationtoday.com)
The Pakistani Army has every incentive to ensure firm control over the country's nuclear assets since, should they be lost or stolen, there would literally be hell to pay. (foreignpolicy.com)

The deployment is connected to a $10billion (£8.5billion) upgrade of the US nuclear arsenal, specifically to its B61-class unguided nuclear bombs, first rolled out in 1968. (express.co.uk)
A map of the nuclear bombs in your backyard and a look at our expensive, expanding nuclear weapons complex . (motherjones.com)
As part of the Plowshare project, 27 bombs were set off between 1961 and 1973, and plans were drawn up to use nuclear explosions to create new roadways, widen the Panama Canal, and tap natural gas reserves. (motherjones.com)
Not only it is spreading its unreliable nuclear power plant construction technologies, but it is also turning other countries' power plants into real dirty bombs,' Zelensky warned. (yahoo.com)
Over four decades between 1949 and 1989, 456 nuclear bombs were detonated by the Soviet Union at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northern Kazakhstan. (aljazeera.com)

I recognize the mentality from my time in our nation's nuclear bunker. (motherjones.com)

This was before any additional capacity which might result from the Nuclear Posture Review of the Trump administration, which was expected to be completed in early 2018. (wikipedia.org)
The W76-2 is the Trump administration's answer to what it calls a Russian misconception of an exploitable "gap" in U.S. nuclear capabilities. (thediplomat.com)
The Biden administration revealed how many nukes America has on Tuesday, abandoning a Trump-era policy of nuclear secrecy. (vice.com)
The revelation marks a stark change from the Trump-era policy of nuclear secrecy. (vice.com)
U.S. President Donald Trump has suggested he wants to strengthen the U.S. nuclear arsenal, saying the country must ensure it is 'at the top of the pack' of nuclear-armed nations. (rferl.org)
Trump, in a wide-ranging interview with Reuters on February 23, argued that the United States has 'fallen behind on nuclear-weapon capacity. (rferl.org)
Reuters said that Trump made his remarks about nuclear weapons in the interview when speaking about a tweet he posted in December, before taking office, in which he said that the United States 'must greatly strengthen and expand its nuclear capability. (rferl.org)
The Trump administration now seems to be preparing to ignore treaty constraints and world opinion by reviving nuclear weapons explosions,' writes Lawrence Wittner. (commondreams.org)
The nuclear testing now being considered by the Trump administration is designed with the same purpose that weapons have traditionally had in world affairs: to intimidate other nations. (commondreams.org)
Americans who grew up with nightmares of nuclear weapons explosions should get ready for some terrifying flashbacks, for the Trump administration appears to be preparing to resume U.S. nuclear weapons tests. (commondreams.org)
In an apparent follow-up, Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) introduced an amendment to the fiscal 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) that would give the Trump administration 'no less than $10 million' to conduct a nuclear weapons test, 'if necessary. (commondreams.org)

Both countries are actively planning to build new weapons, sparking a 21st century arms race and increasing the risk of nuclear war. (ucsusa.org)
In January 2023, the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists moved the hands of the Doomsday Clock forward to 90 seconds before midnight, reflecting the growing risk of nuclear war. (medscape.com)

Putin's defence minister, Sergei Shoigu, also triggered alarm at the weekend after claiming, without evidence, that Ukraine was planning to detonate a "dirty bomb" laced with nuclear material within its own territory. (express.co.uk)
Experts say it may be about 5 kilotons, or roughly one-third the destructive power of the "Little Boy" nuclear bomb the United States dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, in the final days of World War II, killing tens of thousands of people. (thediplomat.com)
Bomb-powered spaceships, mininukes, atomic excavation, and other bizarre uses for our nuclear arsenal. (motherjones.com)
File photo of the aftermath of the nuclear bomb attack on Hiroshima, 9 agosto 1945. (vaticannews.va)
The biggest US nuclear bomb can annihilate millions of people only in the first hours. (listverse.com)
But how long does the radioactive contamination of a nuclear bomb remain? (listverse.com)

NASA entertained it as an option for powering a manned mission to Mars until the Nuclear Test Ban treaty put the kibosh on it. (motherjones.com)
The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) is a coalition of non-governmental organizations promoting adherence to and implementation of the United Nations nuclear weapon ban treaty. (icanw.org)
Legislators are in a key position to promote the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in every country, pushing for its signature and ratification or promoting it abroad. (icanw.org)
The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) is a coalition of non-governmental organisations in one hundred countries promoting adherence to and implementation of the United Nations Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. (icanw.org)
Cardinal Parolin recalled the August Tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), decrying the fact that "the actions of nuclear-weapon States (…) leave us far from achieving this goal. (vaticannews.va)
On Jan. 3, the leaders of the five nuclear-armed members of the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) issued a rare joint statement on preventing nuclear war in which they affirmed, for the first time, the 1985 Reagan-Gorbachev maxim that "a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. (armscontrol.org)
The success of initiatives like the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), which led to the adoption of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), demonstrates the power of global unity. (aljazeera.com)
The number of nuclear weapons has declined from around 65,000 in the mid-1980s to around 12,500 today, thanks to the landmark Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). (aljazeera.com)
The U.S. government stopped its atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in 1962, shortly before signing the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963. (commondreams.org)
And it halted its underground nuclear tests in 1992, signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) in 1996. (commondreams.org)
If the U.S. government began atmospheric nuclear testing, it would violate the Partial Test Ban Treaty (which it ratified), as well as the CTBT (which it signed but, thanks to Republican Senate opposition, has not yet ratified). (commondreams.org)
In addition, a considerable numbers of non-nuclear nations might decide that, given the U.S. government's failure to fulfill its treaty obligations, their adherence to the nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty no longer made sense. (commondreams.org)
The forum, to be attended by "all states" of the region, is supposed to be convened next year under a consensus decision by the 2010 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) Review Conference. (armscontrol.org)
Speech comes as nations finalize nuclear treaty. (latimes.com)
The treaty requires destruction of almost half of the nuclear weapons in the Washington and Moscow arsenals. (latimes.com)
The effective date of the treaty was held up by the Ukrainian Parliament, which only last month agreed to renounce nuclear weapons and join the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. (latimes.com)

While the echoes of nuclear explosions have long faded, the scars of nuclear testing run deep. (aljazeera.com)
Overall, it conducted 1,030 nuclear weapons test explosions, slightly more than half the global total. (commondreams.org)
Actually, there are numerous reasons why the resumption of U.S. nuclear weapons explosions is a terrible idea. (commondreams.org)
Furthermore, U.S. nuclear weapons explosions, whether in the atmosphere or underground, would have serious health and environmental consequences . (commondreams.org)

Eliminating nuclear weapons is the only way to eliminate these risks altogether. (icanw.org)
So what are the primary risks to the security of Pakistan's nuclear arsenal? (foreignpolicy.com)

1 In August 2022, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned that the world is now in "a time of nuclear danger not seen since the height of the Cold War. (medscape.com)

As long as nuclear weapons exist, we cannot rule out the possibility of their use, which threatens 'any possible future for our common home' as well as humankind's very existence," said Cardinal Pietro Parolin, quoting Pope Francis, on the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons. (vaticannews.va)
The Cardinal recalled Pope Francis' call for the total elimination of nuclear weapons that is "both a challenge and a moral and humanitarian imperative. (vaticannews.va)
Quoting the Pope's 2019 speech at the Peace Memorial in Hiroshima, he said that achieving "the total elimination of nuclear weapons requires a response that is collective and concerted, based on mutual trust and considers the catastrophic humanitarian and environmental consequences of nuclear use. (vaticannews.va)
Worse still, despite past promises "to engage in the process leading to the total elimination of nuclear weapons," Chinese leaders are rebuffing calls to engage in arms control talks with the United States and others. (armscontrol.org)

The Pentagon has insisted the move is unconnected to the Russian President's nuclear threats. (express.co.uk)
The process is due to get underway in December, having been brought forward in the spring, suggesting the US was responding the several nuclear threats made by Putin since the start of the war, with allies informed in September. (express.co.uk)
Given the lack of publicly available data on this critical issue, such articles by extremely knowledgeable scholars and practitioners represent some of the best information we have on realistic threats to Pakistan's nuclear arsenal. (foreignpolicy.com)
In answering this question, it is important to differentiate between the various organizations involved with Pakistan's nuclear weapons, and where and when nuclear assets are more or less vulnerable to internal and external threats. (foreignpolicy.com)
The highly professional nature of Army units charged with guarding Pakistan's nuclear assets, procedural protections that require at least the "two-man rule," the SPD Personnel Reliability Programme (which monitors the loyalty and mental states of military personnel), and the ability to protect fixed locations against most realistic terrorist threats suggest that in peacetime the Pakistani nuclear arsenal that is in the custody of the Army ought to be relatively secure. (foreignpolicy.com)
Yet, such broad language suggests they might use nuclear weapons to "defend" themselves against a wide range of threats, including non-nuclear threats. (armscontrol.org)

Any use of nuclear weapons would be catastrophic for humanity. (medscape.com)

Despite being a young sovereign nation, the lack of nuclear weapons did not threaten our security and stable development. (aljazeera.com)

It is the first major addition to the strategic nuclear arsenal in recent decades and is a departure from the Obama administration's policy of lessening dependence on nuclear weapons in pursuit of a nuclear-free world. (thediplomat.com)
Kim praised the scientists who "most faithfully and perfectly" carried out the "great November event" and "building [North Korea's] strategic nuclear force. (foxnews.com)
An insider with close ties to the Chinese leadership said the strategic change in nuclear plans was because their "inferior nuclear capability could only lead to growing US pressure" on Beijing. (dailynationtoday.com)
China has declined to answer questions about the site, while President Xi Jinping urged officials at the facility to "accelerate construction of advanced strategic deterrent systems" - an ominous reference to nuclear weapons. (dailynationtoday.com)
Russian President Vladimir Putin in February said Moscow was suspending participation in New START, the last remaining pact limiting US and Russian strategic nuclear arms. (channelnewsasia.com)
Yes, STRATCOM still references that old SAC motto from the glory days of former Strategic Air Commander Curtis LeMay who was so memorably satirized by director Stanley Kubrick in his nuclear disaster film, Dr. Strangelove . (motherjones.com)
New START stipulates that both sides must limit their arsenals of strategic nuclear weapons to equal levels by February 2018 and maintain those ceilings for 10 years. (rferl.org)
It is the first time I've seen a U.S. government publication stating that the non-strategic Kalibr land-attack SLCM is nuclear (in public the Kalibr is sometimes called Caliber). (fas.org)
There are no other Russian non-strategic nuclear systems listed in the AFGSC briefing. (fas.org)

As for claims by US officials that China is dramatically expanding its nuclear capabilities, I would first like to say that this is not true," said Fu Cong, director-general of the foreign ministry. (dailynationtoday.com)
Our nuclear capabilities are ridiculous. (politico.com)
And that if other countries have nuclear capabilities, it will always be the United States that has the supremacy and commitment to this,' Spicer said. (rferl.org)

The Pentagon report builds on the military's warning last year that China was expanding its nuclear force much faster than U.S. officials had predicted, highlighting a broad and accelerating buildup of military muscle designed to enable Beijing to match or surpass U.S. global power by midcentury. (woodtv.com)
But he did not refer directly to an expansion or buildup of the U.S. arsenal in the interview. (rferl.org)

But Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, who represents Hiroshima in Japan's legislature, has said he hopes the setting of the summit will bring a focus to the danger of nuclear weapons. (wkyufm.org)
Obama pointedly did not apologize for the U.S. decision to use atomic weapons in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but paid tribute to the people who died, and tried to put the threat of nuclear weapons in context. (wkyufm.org)
On August 5, 1983, JAMA published the first (of what became annual for many years) Hiroshima theme issue dedicated specifically to preventing nuclear war. (medscape.com)

During a lengthy rant yesterday, in which he railed about "western elites", Putin said the world was in its most dangerous phase since the end of World War 2, and also accused former Prime Minister Liz Truss of threatening his country with nuclear attack. (express.co.uk)
The essence of critics' argument against the low-yield weapon is that it makes the world less safe because it offers decision-makers another option for using a nuclear weapon in a conflict that could then escalate to a full-blown nuclear war. (thediplomat.com)
Since 1945, nuclear-armed states have detonated over 2,000 nuclear weapons, impacting communities around the world. (icanw.org)
Grounding his speech in the current scenario in which the conflict in Ukraine has brought large-scale war back to Europe and triggered "the repugnant threat of the use of nuclear weapons," the Vatican Secretary of State said this "illustrates just how close the world has come to the abyss of nuclear war. (vaticannews.va)
Between its active and stored nukes, the U.S. is sitting on 3,750 world-ending weapons as of the last official count in September 2020. (vice.com)
There's also $14 billion for what's called "international security assistance" - that's part of the weapons and training Washington offers foreign militaries around the world. (truthout.org)
Suppose all the nuclear weapons in the world are used in a nuclear war. (listverse.com)
After hundreds of millions of years, life continues on this world, and everything indicates that this will continue to be the case after a nuclear war. (listverse.com)
Decades have passed since the Semipalatinsk Test Site was used as a canvas for nuclear experimentation, yet the threat to the world from nuclear weapons remains all too real. (aljazeera.com)
Kazakhstan once had the fourth-largest nuclear arsenal in the world. (aljazeera.com)
It's hard to find a nuclear issue in the world today that's heading in a positive direction, or where U.S. security is being improved," Wolfsthal said. (wkyufm.org)
Health professionals of the world: Demand of the political leaders of all countries that there be NO NUCLEAR WAR. (medscape.com)
Even a "limited" nuclear war involving only 250 of the 13,000 nuclear weapons in the world could kill 120 million people outright and cause global climate disruption leading to a nuclear famine, putting 2 billion people at risk. (medscape.com)

Concurrent efforts by the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, especially that of its founders, American cardiologist Bernard Lown and Russian cardiologist Yevgeniy Chazov, earned the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. (medscape.com)

The United States requested and recieved two additional deadline extensions from the international chemical weapons watchdog, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). (armscontrol.org)
Putting a weapon somewhat, or fractionally, into orbit, if only for the duration of a flight, was spun in part as a way to avoid the Outer Space Treaty's prohibition on weapons in orbit . (popsci.com)

The resources currently spent on maintaining and modernising nuclear arsenals could be channelled into eradicating poverty, addressing climate change, and advancing education and healthcare. (aljazeera.com)

ICAN is the international campaign to stigmatise, prohibit & eliminate nuclear weapons. (icanw.org)
The Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Pietro Parolin, reiterates the moral imperative to eliminate nuclear weapons, and calls on all parties to respond to the nuclear threat with a collective and concerted response. (vaticannews.va)

Kazakhstan's case is proof that true security can be achieved through the complete elimination of nuclear weapons. (aljazeera.com)

The Pentagon reassuringly noted that, despite those two disabled planes, the E-4B's mission-including perhaps the implementation of a devastating nuclear strike or counter-strike that might kill tens of millions and even cause a "nuclear winter" (a global nightmare leading to a billion deaths or more)-could be accomplished with just two of them operational. (motherjones.com)

He said the United States will continue its stated policy of using nuclear weapons only in "extraordinary circumstances. (thediplomat.com)

The United States does not need to increase our nuclear forces to outnumber the combined total of our competitors in order to successfully deter them," Sullivan told the Arms Control Association, the oldest US arms control advocacy group. (channelnewsasia.com)
Meanwhile, both spend billions of dollars annually to maintain and upgrade their nuclear forces, which far exceed any rational concept of what it takes to deter a nuclear attack. (armscontrol.org)

The upheavals sweeping across the Middle East have cast a long shadow over diplomatic negotiations aimed at organizing a conference on establishing a zone free of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in that region, according to officials involved in the process. (armscontrol.org)

At the very least, if the leaders of these states are serious about averting nuclear war, they should formally adopt no-first-use policies or, as U.S. President Joe Biden promised in 2020, declare that the sole purpose of nuclear weapons is to deter or possibly respond to a nuclear attack. (armscontrol.org)

I am a living testament to the horrors of nuclear testing, as I was born without arms due to the effects of nuclear radiation. (aljazeera.com)
Meanwhile, during a press briefing in Brussels, the administration's special envoy for arms control stated that the U.S. government 'will maintain the ability to conduct nuclear tests if we see reason to do so. (commondreams.org)
Even if U.S. nuclear tests were conducted underground and, thus, violated only the CTBT, the result would be a dramatic loss of credibility for the United States and an escalation of the nuclear arms race. (commondreams.org)

Nuclear tests, of course, enabled the nine nuclear powers to develop bigger and more efficient nuclear weapons for the purpose of waging nuclear war. (commondreams.org)

7,8 Once a nuclear weapon is detonated, escalation to all-out nuclear war could occur rapidly. (medscape.com)

Joe Biden is sending adjustable, highly accurate tactical nuclear weapons to Europe as part of an £8.5billion upgrade which will send a clear signal to Vladimir Putin . (express.co.uk)

Given the indiscriminate and horrific effects of nuclear weapons use, such policies are dangerous, immoral, and legally unjustifiable. (armscontrol.org)

Prevent nuclear war: Urge Congress to reform US nuclear weapons policy. (ucsusa.org)
A more sober reading shows that it falls woefully short of committing the five to the policies and actions necessary to prevent nuclear war. (armscontrol.org)

By raising awareness about the devastating consequences of nuclear weapons and testing, we can inspire collective action and public demand for change. (aljazeera.com)

In any case, the reason for those doomsday planes is simple enough: in a national emergency, nuclear or otherwise, at least one E-4B will always be airborne, presumably above the fray and the fallout, ensuring what the military calls " command and control connectivity . (motherjones.com)

Some security analysts say China may be emboldened to use nuclear weapons to keep the US from joining a conflict over Taiwan. (dailynationtoday.com)

No other nation has as varied, accurate, powerful, or (to use a word from the past) "survivable" an arsenal as the US. (motherjones.com)
When it comes to nuclear weapons and what once was called "thinking about the unthinkable," no other nation has as varied, accurate, powerful, deadly, or (again a word from the past) "survivable" an arsenal as the United States. (motherjones.com)

Nuclear weapons are the most inhumane and indiscriminate weapons ever created. (icanw.org)

We must advocate for the universal ratification of the CTBT, leaving no room for ambiguity regarding the end of nuclear testing. (aljazeera.com)
The CTBT, which banned all nuclear weapons tests, has been signed by 184 nations, including the United States. (commondreams.org)

Kim Jong Un seeks to increase quality and number of weapons. (foxnews.com)
Overall, however, the rampant nuclear modernizations shown on the slide underscore the urgent need for the international community to increase its pressure on the nuclear weapon states to curtail their nuclear programs. (fas.org)

They reach through history to remind us of the hideous damage nuclear weapons can inflict, and our collective responsibility to ensure that such weapons are never again used," Biden said. (wkyufm.org)

The global nuclear arsenal is currently about 14,500 weapons. (listverse.com)
The global confrontation between major powers has raised the possibility that nuclear weapons could be used, even if accidentally. (aljazeera.com)

A reusable vehicle could also demonstrate the same flight trajectory and weapons capacity. (popsci.com)
To understand why China might want to develop such a system, it helps to go back to the past, when the Soviet Union pioneered such a trajectory for nuclear weapons. (popsci.com)

One of the biggest problems with a nuclear explosion is radiation , which causes all known life-forms to deteriorate. (listverse.com)

My job as an Air Force software engineer granted me regular access to the innards of the Cheyenne Mountain Complex , America's nuclear command center. (motherjones.com)

The U.S. national civilian vulnerability to the deliberate use of biological and chemical agents has been highlighted by recognition of substantial biological weapons development programs and arsenals in foreign countries, attempts to acquire or possess biological agents by militants, and high-profile terrorist attacks. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy1

Organisms1

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena11

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

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Bomb6

Treaty16

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20221

Total elimination of nuclear weapons4

Threats6

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