Notion altruism. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cases of animals helping individuals to whom they are closely related can be explained by kin selection, and are not considered true altruism. (wikipedia.org)
Even though true altruism, in nature, appears to be about as rare as hens' teeth. (blogspot.com)

In fact, if one of her reasons is indeed reciprocity from Batman and the Justice League, there is a related concept in behavioral economics and evolutionary biology known as " reciprocal altruism " that deals with this idea. (blogspot.com)
Reciprocal altruism basically refers to an act of selflessness towards another with the anticipation that the recipient of the benefit will one day return the favor. (blogspot.com)
Other approaches to the evolutionary puzzle of altruism also appeared in the next half-century: the ability to expect and receive reciprocal altruism, the benefits to an individual's reputation, cooperation in games where the cumulative payoff beats defection, and other models. (prospect.org)

Research in evolutionary theory has been applied to social behaviour, including altruism. (wikipedia.org)
Group selection departs from the more familiar model of individual selection that sees the evolutionary prize going to the individual, male or female, who has more surviving offspring, regardless of health and life-span, much less altruism. (prospect.org)
The notion of using evolutionary thinking to understand behavior hit me like a bolt of lightning. (uchicago.edu)

Altruism in this sense is different from the philosophical concept of altruism, in which an action would only be called "altruistic" if it was done with the conscious intention of helping another. (wikipedia.org)
The existence of altruism in nature is at first sight puzzling, because altruistic behaviour reduces the likelihood that an individual will reproduce. (wikipedia.org)

I've had a chance to do research on everything from power to cooperation and from altruism to cultural transmission in animals, and I've enjoyed every minute of it. (uchicago.edu)
This includes a focus on intimate relationships, family lives, work and relating positively (altruism and cooperation) in the social world. (open.ac.uk)

While the recent attempts of Thomas Nagel and Alan Gewirth to forward the basically Kantian enterprise of showing that altruism is a rational requirement on action have been much discussed by moral philosophers, Wilfrid Sellars' attempt to argue for a similar thesis has been largely ignored. (ditext.com)
Many types of `other-regarding' acts and beliefs cannotbe accounted for satisfactorilyas instances of sophisticated selfishness, altruism,team-reasoning, Kantian duty, kinselection etc. (philpapers.org)

New insights into the classical game theory match-up known as the "Prisoner's Dilemma" might help explain the presence of generosity in nature, an inclination that can sometimes seem counter to the Darwinian notion of survival of the fittest. (scienceagogo.com)

Of course empowerment alone can not be the only value or organisms would never mate: sexual attraction is the principle deviation later in life (after sexual maturity), along with the related cooperative empathy/love/altruism mechanisms to align individuals with family and allies (forming loose hierarchical agents which empowerment also serves). (lesswrong.com)
While the word philoxenia is quite common, it is indicative, that the word altruism is not of Greek origin and that the only word associated with this notion and is very positive in other languages, and that is of Greek origin, empathy, has a negative notion in Greek. (lygeros.org)

After introducing our model, we additionally study some common stability notions and provide a computational analysis of the associated verification and existence problems. (ijcai.org)
The only answer to the reason for the existence of altruism is: the need. (lygeros.org)

Effective altruism has many enemies, and while there are certainly philosophical arguments against it, much of the opposition is not intellectual but visceral. (stanforddaily.com)
I will suggest that the utilitarian arguments of effective altruism stretch certain ethical intuitions until they become unintuitive, and that - regardless of its philosophical strengths - this is where the theory will lose most of the people it tries to persuade. (stanforddaily.com)

In biology, altruism refers to behaviour by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of themselves. (wikipedia.org)

When apparent altruism is not between kin, it may be based on reciprocity. (wikipedia.org)

But effective altruism is premised upon a utilitarian ethical theory that many find intuitively unpalatable. (stanforddaily.com)
This will necessitate my spending some time setting out the main outline of Sellars' ethical theory in order that his defense of altruism can be seen as an integral part of it. (ditext.com)
My strategy here will be, in section I, to sketch in the main lines of his ethical theory relevant to his discussion of altruism and in the following two sections to raise two related lines of criticism. (ditext.com)

The Elasticity of Intergenerational Substitution, Parental Altruism, and Fertility Choice ," Staff General Research Papers Archive 37766, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. (repec.org)
Earlier research that tested the link between altruism and cognition relied on self-report measures, such as asking older adults whether they would be willing to give money in certain scenarios. (investmentwatchblog.com)

Kin selection is an instance of inclusive fitness, which is based on the notion that an individual shares only half its genes with each offspring, but also with each full sibling (See footnote). (wikipedia.org)

HUMANIQUENESS Clearly I don't contest data that show that humans are unique in many ways, and I certainly favour studying the similarities and differences across species, but think it is time to retire the notion that human uniqueness is a pinnacle of some sort, denied in any shape, way, or form to other creatures. (uncommondescent.com)
If you've read his fiction, you'll probably be aware that Peter Watts doesn't hold to the romantic notions that pervade around the idea of human altruism. (futurismic.com)
He gets asked about it a lot, apparently, and so Watts decided to explain his reductionist position on human altruism publicly . (futurismic.com)
This paper argues in favour ofre-inventing the notion of solidarity as ananalytical category capable of shedding importantnew light on hitherto under-explainedaspects of human motivation. (philpapers.org)
To capture this notion quantitatively, as a proper utility function, we need to quantify how much control or influence an animal or human (an agent from now on) has. (lesswrong.com)

If a gene affects altruism in such a way that the altruism is more likely to be directed at close relatives, the gene can spread in the population despite the cost imposed on the altruist. (prospect.org)

This question, derived both from Marcel Mauss's sociological analysis of the social norm of gift-giving and from Emmanuel Levinas's phenomenological analysis of the idea of 'otherness,' leads to the problem of whether it is possible to model altruism with the tool of optimization. (philpapers.org)
Implementation of any alcohol control measures should include banning or restricting the publicity efforts of the industry's CSR and informing the public of the alcohol industry's notion of social responsibility. (biomedcentral.com)

A calibrated version of the model lends strong support to the notion that the EGS is significantly large than 1, and probably around 2.5. (repec.org)
A calibrated version of the model lends strong support to the notion that the EGS is significantly larger than one, and probably around 2.5. (repec.org)
More significantly, an internationally binding instrument should be called for to enable countries to differentiate between genuine concerns and spurious altruism, and in doing so, resist the industry's attempt to erode alcohol control. (biomedcentral.com)

Can economics, which is based on the notion of individual optimization, really model individuals who have a sense of exteriority? (philpapers.org)

Kendi argues that overcoming racism, which hides classism and sexism, will require intelligent self-interest, not altruism. (newbooksnetwork.com)
Altruism, this ethical principle which states the selfless concern for others, this deliberate denial of self-interest for the selective benefit , is a incomprehensible notion for many. (lygeros.org)

The idea that group selection might explain the evolution of altruism was first broached by Darwin himself in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, (1871). (wikipedia.org)
It elucidates that collaboration, altruism, obeying rules with properly increased freedom are important throughout evolution of CBEs. (preprints.org)

Hamilton's rule describes the benefit of such altruism in terms of Wright's coefficient of relationship to the beneficiary and the benefit granted to the beneficiary minus the cost to the sacrificer. (wikipedia.org)
A second difficulty is that Sellars does not himself frame his discussion of the foundations of ethics in terms of a defense of altruism. (ditext.com)

it rests instead on the assumption that a supervisory elite can dictate and impose sacrifices on behalf of their notion of the 'common good. (bibleinschools.net)

Such an argument challenges our notion of a distinction between something that is required and something that is praiseworthy but not obligatory. (stanforddaily.com)
This example highlights how ethical egoism challenges traditional notions of altruism and encourages us to critically examine our motivations behind certain actions. (atriumantiquariat.com)

Block 2 picks up the key ideas from Block 1 that tap into notions of emotional states (e.g. love, positive feeling) and ground them in the psychology of emotion and feelings. (open.ac.uk)

When I bring up a conventional notion that Gen-Zers are all talk no action to Shahidi, she gets defensive. (refinery29.com)
2 I would like instead to set out as briefly as I can Sellars' defense of the thesis that altruism is a rational requirement on action, and then to treat it to some critical attention. (ditext.com)

For instance, effective altruism suggests that not donating to disaster relief is morally just as bad as walking past a drowning child in a pond without saving it. (stanforddaily.com)

One should note that Webster's notion of justice is transcendent. (lexrex.com)
In a crisis situation, the intelligence becomes a strategy, altruism an institution, and the convention of altruism, a force of justice. (lygeros.org)

More importantly, he develops his defense of altruism within the context of the comprehensive theory of practical reason he has developed over the years, and this theoretical background makes his views on ethics of special interest. (ditext.com)

It refutes thoroughly the wrong notion that negative entropy (negentropy) leads to biological order which is distinct from thermodynamic order. (preprints.org)

Trouble handling money is thought to be one of the early signs of Alzheimer's disease, and this finding supports that notion. (investmentwatchblog.com)

As a result, inner spheres of transformation (also embodied in notions such as inner development goals) are emerging as a potential new area of exploration. (lu.se)

For this reason, the physiological response to altruism is not at first positive, but interrogative. (lygeros.org)

Methodological altruism as an alternative foundation for individual optimization. (philpapers.org)

My knowledge is limited to what i can put forth verbaly ' we then understand how important is the process of the devising of the word altruism. (lygeros.org)

Obligate altruism is the permanent loss of direct fitness (with potential for indirect fitness gain). (wikipedia.org)
Facultative altruism is temporary loss of direct fitness (with potential for indirect fitness gain followed by personal reproduction). (wikipedia.org)

The notion that this land mass, which has arbitrarily been selected through a course of events we call history, is the land of opportunity. (chuckiii.com)

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