• Bird dispersal is thought to be the ancestral form of seed dispersal in ephedras as it is common in the Old World where Ephedra originated, but the three North American species dispersed by birds are not monophyletic. (springer.com)
  • This began the idea of seed trait selection being associated with a form of seed dispersal. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is based on Anacardiaceae being pantropical in distribution with North and South America representing major diversification centers of the family including the geographical distribution of Pistacia. (scialert.net)
  • These bats include the leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) of central America and South America, and the related bulldog bats (Noctilionidae) that feed on fish. (earthlife.net)
  • Scientists debate the exact place of origin of I. batatas, although the evidence points toward Central America rather than South America . (encyclopedia.com)
  • Genetic studies suggest the likelihood that in early times sweet potatoes were carried by the local people from island to island, spreading gradually across the Pacific from Central and South America to eastern Indonesia , New Guinea , Polynesia, and New Zealand . (encyclopedia.com)
  • Large non-Nordic collections can be found from, for example, the Mediterranean area, South Africa, Western Australia and parts of South America. (lu.se)
  • The pioneering collections made by Ludwig Preiss in Western Australia and Karl Theodor Hartweg in South America are invaluable mainly because of their age and because they represent the oldest collections ever preserved from these areas. (lu.se)
  • We are pleased to announce the recipients of the 2016 awards provided by the Botanical Society of America. (botany.org)
  • The 'Distinguished Fellow of the Botanical Society of America' is the highest honor our Society bestows. (botany.org)
  • He has been equally vigorous in his public outreach for botany and evolution, and he has been a major contributor to and tireless worker for the Botanical Society of America. (botany.org)
  • Jenny has been a life-long member of the Botanical Society of America. (botany.org)
  • The yearly subscription rate of $15 is included in the membership dues of the Botanical Society of America, Inc. Periodical postage paid at St. Louis, MO and additional mailing office. (botany.org)
  • For example, birds put strong selection pressure on seeds for colour of fruits because of their enhanced vision. (wikipedia.org)
  • He went in depth about the interaction between plants that have adapted to seed dispersal by birds and mammals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another recent scientific report from Cornell spells out the hazards of industrialization in grim detail, with three billion birds - Canada warblers and evening grosbeaks particularly - at risk of population collapse across North America's 1.5 billion acres of boreal forest. (mongabay.com)
  • They can remain dormant for several seasons, and also have durable seeds which have further contributed to their dispersal across North America by birds. (utk.edu)
  • Another theory is that birds fly south for the winter because there is less food available in the north. (nahf.org)
  • By flying to warmer climates, birds can avoid the cold temperatures and snowy conditions of the north. (nahf.org)
  • In the north, food sources start to dwindle in the winter months, so flying south gives birds a chance to find more food. (nahf.org)
  • Some birds, such as hummingbirds, even migrate to places where it never gets cold, like Central America. (nahf.org)
  • Birds are attracted to the fleshy berries and disperse seeds to new areas. (mn.us)
  • and, in this way , birds are the agent for dispersal of Poison Ivy seeds. (floralibrary.com)
  • Birds appear to be primarily responsible for seed dispersal in Bursera . (llifle.com)
  • Birds also help agriculture, acting as pest control aides, pollinators, and agents of seed dispersal. (viu.ca)
  • In the dappled light of North American forests, a delicate and captivating wildflower known as the Trillium thrives. (tnnursery.net)
  • These perennial plants are native to North America and can be found in various habitats, from deciduous forests to meadows and even along streams. (tnnursery.net)
  • It is common in deciduous forests across eastern North America, where it carpets the forest floor in spring. (tnnursery.net)
  • Dendroecological studies indicate demographic and fire-regime responses to climate changes over the past few centuries in boreal and montane pine forests and semiarid pine woodlands of North America (Bergeron et al. (risingtidenorthamerica.org)
  • In some eastern forests of North America, 30% of herbaceous species have ant-dispersed seeds. (unl.edu)
  • We conducted a whole-year study of seed addition to quantify the granivores-Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ) synzoochorous interactions and the SDE in the same secondary forests with two treatments. (springeropen.com)
  • Both treatments had seed source limitations: one was caused by the disappearance of Korean pine due to the historical disturbance, the other by pinecone harvesting in Korean pine plantations adjacent to the secondary forests. (springeropen.com)
  • Source limitation increased the proportion of pre- and post-dispersal seed predation, and made the granivores-Korean pine interaction shift more towards antagonism, with the estimated SDE of 2.31 and 3.60, respectively, for the secondary forests without and with Korean pine. (springeropen.com)
  • Norway maple negatively impacts sugar maple/American beech forests of the northeastern United States by dominating the seedling layer and displacing shade tolerant native species. (libguides.com)
  • Few or no tree seedlings are establishing on some areas of the 150+ forest fires sampled across western US, suggesting that forests may be replaced by shrublands and grasslands, especially where few seed source trees survived the wildfires. (springeropen.com)
  • Finally, managing fires and forests for more seed-source tree survival will reduce large, non-forested areas following wildfires where post-fire management may be necessary. (springeropen.com)
  • Davidson DW, Morton SR (1984) Dispersal adaptations of some Acacia species in the Australian arid zone. (springer.com)
  • Plants have developed various adaptations to ensure their survival and the dispersal of their seeds. (amesfarmcenter.com)
  • He's come across seeds that evolved to have all kinds of shapes and sizes (from the up to 37-pound Coco de Mer to the tiny, dust-sized orchid seed), colors and adaptations (from the electric blue traveler's palm to the explosive Himalayan balsam). (sciencefriday.com)
  • More research is needed to better understand its key biological traits, habitat requirements and limitations, and interactions with native North American flora and fauna. (libguides.com)
  • We wished to distinguish sites that won't regenerate to trees because of changing climate from sites where trees could grow post fire if they had a seed source or were planted, thus supporting forest ecosystem services for society and nature, such as timber supply, habitat, watershed protection, and carbon storage. (springeropen.com)
  • Seed dispersal, habitat suitability and the distribution of halophytes across a salt marsh tidal gradient. (bbg.org)
  • Through increased awareness and collaboration among stakeholders, there is hope for reversing this alarming trend and preserving the diverse ecosystems that support life within regional North America. (schlossveldencapella.com)
  • These causes not only threaten individual species but also have far-reaching consequences for entire ecosystems across North America. (schlossveldencapella.com)
  • American wildlife ecologist Craig Downer says wild horses and donkeys can make valuable contributions to Australian ecosystems in many different ways. (horsetalk.co.nz)
  • Surprisingly, the proportion of germinating spruce and larch seedlings was even highest at the uppermost site, but only when seeds were added. (wsl.ch)
  • 2017 ). Consequently, lower proportion of seedlings survives due to a high proportion of rodent excision in the stage of seed germination, which has been reported in many species such as oaks ( Quercus variabilis , Q. rubra , Q. palustris) and black spruce (Côté et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Join us on a journey through the intriguing world of Trillium, exploring its seed dispersal by ants, its role as a favorite food source for whitetail deer, and the diverse species that make up this charming genus. (tnnursery.net)
  • One of the most intriguing aspects of trillium biology is its partnership with ants for seed dispersal. (tnnursery.net)
  • These seeds have a particular appendage called an elaiosome, a lipid-rich structure that attracts ants. (tnnursery.net)
  • Once the ants have consumed the elaiosomes, they discard the seed in their nutrient-rich waste piles, known as middens. (tnnursery.net)
  • While trilliums have found a clever ally in ants for seed dispersal, they face a relentless adversary in the whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginianus). (tnnursery.net)
  • One distinct characteristic of this genus is myrmecochory, the dispersal of seeds by ants. (mountauburn.org)
  • Ants take these seeds back to their nests to eat or feed their larvae the elaiosomes. (mountauburn.org)
  • Ant-seed mutualisms: can red imported fire ants sour the relationship? (unl.edu)
  • We conducted experiments to determine if fire ants are attracted to seeds of these plant species and assessed the amount of scarification or damage that results from handling by fire ants. (unl.edu)
  • Fire ants removed nearly 100% of seeds of the ant-dispersed plants Trillium undulatum, T. discolor, T. catesbaei, Viola rotundifolia, and Sanguinaria canadensis . (unl.edu)
  • In recovered seeds fed to ant colonies, fire ants scarified 80% of S. canadensis seeds and destroyed 86% of V. rotundifolia seeds. (unl.edu)
  • Our study is the first to document that red imported fire ants are attracted to and remove seeds of species adapted for ant dispersal. (unl.edu)
  • Moreover, fire ants might damage these seeds and discard them in sites unfavorable for germination and seedling establishment. (unl.edu)
  • Pollinated flowers develop into a pod , which splits open when ripe to reveal seeds with elaiosomes , structures that are eaten by ants ( myrmecochory ). (plantdollar.com)
  • Fruits are packages for seeds, composed of nutritious tissues to feed animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The process begins in early spring when trilliums produce fleshy, berry-like fruits, each containing numerous seeds. (tnnursery.net)
  • Burs, seed or dry fruits with hooks or teeth, are designed to repel herbivores and latch onto fur or clothing for dispersal. (amesfarmcenter.com)
  • In addition to seeds, it also consumes insects and fruits, making it an omnivore and giving it a more diverse diet. (peaceofanimals.com)
  • The existence of fruit indicates that, over the course of the coffeetree's evolution, large, animal-attracting fruits were a better strategy for reproduction than many small seeds. (carleton.edu)
  • Picture 3 - The camphor weed reproduces only by seeds. (usra.edu)
  • It reproduces by seeds, and through vegetative means including root buds and the sprouting of new plants from where canes touch the soil. (natickma.gov)
  • It reproduces by seed (which are readily dispersed by animals) and root nodes. (natickma.gov)
  • We collected mature cones and seeds of ten species of Ephedra in southwestern United States and measured nine morphological traits for each species. (springer.com)
  • Therefore, a plant should select certain traits to increase dispersal by a vector (i.e. bird) to increase the reproductive success of the plant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seeds have evolved traits to reward animals to enhance their dispersal abilities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Differing foraging behaviours of animals can lead to selection of dispersal traits and spatial variation such as increase in seed size for mammal dispersal, which can limit seed production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Energy investment for dispersal will be taken from energy investment of other traits 3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dispersal traits will benefit the dispersers over non-dispersers. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, climate change-induced range expansion of treeline populations depends on successful recruitment, which requires dispersal of viable seeds followed by successful establishment of individual propagules. (wsl.ch)
  • Seed can remain viable over 20 years. (naaiatelier-elena.nl)
  • Additionally, every second experimental plot was covered by a metal cage immediately after seed addition to exclude herbivores. (wsl.ch)
  • Additionally, many of these plants produce copious amounts of seeds, emphasizing the importance of preventing them from dispersing. (amesfarmcenter.com)
  • It was first brought to North America in the 1600s by early New England settlers and escaped from cultivation. (mn.us)
  • They're the only marsupial species found in North America. (animallord.com)
  • There's around 2,000 new seed species found each year, Smith writes in his new book, Book of Seeds: A Lifesize Guide to Six Hundred Species from Around the World , but many species are disappearing. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Cutler HC (1939) Monograph of the North American species of the genus Ephedra . (springer.com)
  • The genus Trillium comprises almost fifty species, primarily native to North America, but with ten species native to Asia. (mountauburn.org)
  • Bursera microphylla is the most northerly member of the Burseraceae in North America and also perhaps the most xeromorphic species within the genus as it thrives in the extremely arid desert. (llifle.com)
  • While there are many different plants that fling seeds-in fact, the genus name Impatiens is linked to the seed's explosive mechanism-the Himalayan Balsam's seed pod is notably, "really weird," says Smith. (sciencefriday.com)
  • The fleshy interior of a Kentucky Coffee Tree seed pod. (carleton.edu)
  • Meet the Northern Bobwhite, a compact and plump North American bird known for its distinctive Bob-white call. (peaceofanimals.com)
  • In the vast and diverse expanse of North America, there is one bird that stands out among the rest, a symbol of the untamed wilderness and a testament to the resilience of its habitats. (peaceofanimals.com)
  • As a granivorous bird, the Northern Bobwhite feeds primarily on seeds from grasses and broadleaf plants. (peaceofanimals.com)
  • From the Uncarina seed's fashionable coat to the flowing orange locks of the Bird of Paradise seed, we present this year's seed superlatives. (sciencefriday.com)
  • While "the most beautiful seed is in the eye of the beholder," says Smith, we couldn't help but imagine how some seeds would fare in a hypothetical yearbook-from the Uncarina's "best dressed" seed coat to the Bird of Paradise's flowing "best hair. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Unlike in North America, not much is known about bird phenology in the Caribbean, due in part to lack of funding and expertise. (viu.ca)
  • In doing so, they inadvertently transport the trillium seeds to new locations. (tnnursery.net)
  • But for John Burroughs (1837-1921), American naturalist, he famously put it in print as the Trillium erectum, Wake-robin, red trillium, stinking Benjamin . (mountauburn.org)
  • When Trillium flowers have been successfully fertilized they will eventually produce a 1-inch to 1 1/2-inch, red, fruit capsule within which are numerous1/8-inch seeds. (mountauburn.org)
  • The seed dispersers themselves play an essential role in syndrome evolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second, we recommend possibilities for mitigating and limiting large high severity burned patches to increase survival of trees to be sources of seed for natural regeneration. (springeropen.com)
  • Scientists previously guessed that dispersal by water was been the reason behind its large bean pods. (carleton.edu)
  • However, the pods are not very buoyant, and the fruity interior is not a requirement for water dispersal. (carleton.edu)
  • Early naturalists rarely documented it away from floodplains or Native American settlements, suggesting that humans and water (to the extent that the seed pods can float) are the tree's last remaining dispersal agents. (carleton.edu)
  • There is a male coffeetree (no seed pods! (carleton.edu)
  • Explosive pods is a useful dispersal method that allows seeds to reach farther distances and increase their distribution (which can lead to species becoming invasives). (sciencefriday.com)
  • The small female gametophyte also allows rapid seed production, which led to annual herbaceous life-cycles . (wikipedia.org)
  • Regeneration densities varied by species and seedling densities were attributed to distances to a seed source, water stress or precipitation, elevation, slope, aspect, and plant competition. (springeropen.com)
  • The capacity to obtain useful estimates depends on the number of trees, the number of seed traps, the dispersal distances of seeds, the taxonomic specificity of seed identification, and the number of species contributing to a given seed type. (ethz.ch)
  • Attached to these seeds are elaiosomes, an appendage rich in nutrients, lipids and/or oleic acids. (mountauburn.org)
  • The reason is not clear, but grasses dominate several of the largest land areas: in North America, Asia, and in Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • SARS-CoV-2 chronological genomic evolution and epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as affected by vaccination, conflict and socioeconomical disparities: a population-based cohort study. (cdc.gov)
  • Principal component analysis and other data characterized three types of Ephedra cones and seeds. (springer.com)
  • Gymnosperms have naked seeds on cones or open structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seeds disperse to increase the reproductive success of the plant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Friedman WE, Carmichael JS (1996) Double fertilization in Gnetales: implications for understanding reproductive diversification among seed plants. (springer.com)
  • The endangerment of wildlife in North America is a pressing issue that demands our attention. (schlossveldencapella.com)
  • In light of these causes and their implications, it is evident that urgent action is required to address the endangerment of wildlife in North America. (schlossveldencapella.com)
  • Its adaptability and wide distribution make it a true representative of the diversity and resilience of North American wildlife. (peaceofanimals.com)
  • There are no reports of the use of Norway maple by North American wildlife, as of this writing, but sugar maple and red maple are browsed by white-tailed deer, moose, and snowshoe hares (see sugar maple and red maple). (libguides.com)
  • Related plants often produce seeds that are dispersed in very different ways, raising questions of how and why plants undergo adaptive shifts in key aspects of their reproductive ecology. (springer.com)
  • Since 2008, she and colleagues in China have taught the 'East Asia-North America Field Botany and Ecology Course' at Zhejiang University and North Carolina State University, making a great impact on the training of Chinese and American students in this field. (botany.org)
  • The biology and ecology of Norway maple are not well-studied in North America. (libguides.com)
  • Through comparison of its genetic expressions, the plant evolves differently with respects to where it … Though the mechanism for long distance seed dispersal is not known, irrigation water is another reported possible means of transport. (naaiatelier-elena.nl)
  • 2020 ). Furthermore, fewer deposited seeds escape consumption and survive in the winter safely (particularly for dormant seeds) due to high proportion of post-dispersal seed predation (Maron et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Indigenous peoples of northwestern North America are identified by anthropologists mainly as fishers and hunters. (botany.org)
  • Ephemeral plants that quickly flower and set seed, including many composites, are benefited from these catchments - especially valuable in regions with clayey soils. (horsetalk.co.nz)
  • Efforts must be made to prevent seed maturation and dispersal of plants into new areas. (mn.us)
  • As a conservation botanist, Smith travels the world studying plants and their seeds, or bundles of DNA and food for a developing plant. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Seeds give us an opportunity to save plants that would otherwise become extinct for future generations. (sciencefriday.com)
  • Together with the gymnosperms they make up the seed plants . (wikipedia.org)
  • Flowers, the reproductive organs of flowering plants, are the most remarkable feature distinguishing them from other seed plants . (wikipedia.org)
  • We discuss how plants are responding to changing climates through plasticity, adaptation, and migration, and how this may influence seed sourcing decisions. (bioone.org)
  • Heterotheca subaxillaris (camphor weed), a North American plant, is an important invasive species in the Middle East. (usra.edu)
  • Native to North America and considered invasive both in its native area and in other parts of the world, including several countries in Europe, e.g. (cal-ipc.org)
  • 2016 ). As seed predators, they frequently consume a proportion of either pre-dispersed seeds (Nuñez et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Within a plot-year there is dependence between all seed traps induced by a redistribution kernel, which describes how seeds produced by trees are dispersed in space. (ethz.ch)
  • Friedman WE (1990) Double fertilization in ephedra, a nonflowering seed plant: its bearing on the origin of angiosperms. (springer.com)
  • Seed dispersal by seed-caching rodents is common in North America and appears to have evolved several times, but this syndrome is absent form other continents. (springer.com)
  • Alpine chipmunks are a little more extreme than their chipmunk cousins-those pudgy-cheeked relatives common to backyards across eastern and central North America. (nwf.org)
  • The seeds that look like little daisies are actually common weed species. (liquidimageco.com)
  • 2020 ). Natural or human-induced changes often alter the availability of suitable seeds (Ruano et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Granivore-mediated seed dispersal is susceptible to changes in seed availability and silvicultural management, which alters synzoochorous interactions in the antagonism-mutualism continuum and affects the seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE), and eventually, the plant recruitment. (springeropen.com)
  • A seed disperser is the vector by which a seed moves from its parent to the resting place where the individual will establish, for instance an animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • They found that more than two-thirds of their sample areas north of the 49th parallel "should still be showing a positive response" to climate change. (mongabay.com)
  • She is best known for her extensive work on Cornaceae, for which she is the world's expert, as well as her numerous important contributions to our understanding of the well-known Eastern Asia-Eastern North America floristic disjunction. (botany.org)
  • Revision of Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in eastern North America. (bbg.org)
  • Together, synzoochorous interactions and environmental conditions determine the seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE), and eventually, affect the plant recruitment in the landscape (Schupp et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The species was first introduced to North America in 1890 as an ornamental plant and for its potential in breeding hybrid raspberries. (natickma.gov)
  • Each thistle plant can produce 1,000 up to 1,500 seeds per shoot. (naaiatelier-elena.nl)
  • Each individual plant can produce 1000 to 1500 seeds. (naaiatelier-elena.nl)
  • The Uncarina tree is one of the more than 370,000 estimated seed-bearing plant species around the world. (sciencefriday.com)
  • In fact, in some cases the seeds can fly 23 feet away from the plant. (sciencefriday.com)
  • As anthropogenic disturbance and destruction of natural areas increase, so does the need for native plant seed for restoration and revegetation projects. (bioone.org)
  • Ricin is a toxin contained in the seeds (beans) of the castor oil plant ( Ricinus communis ). (medscape.com)
  • Ricin is present in all parts of the plant but is most highly concentrated in the beans or seeds. (medscape.com)
  • For those species depending on synzoochorous interactions, seed availability limitation may trigger a series of cascading effects. (springeropen.com)
  • On Carleton's campus and in a few spots in the Arboretum, a curious reminder of North America's past awaits discovery. (carleton.edu)
  • They also have their fair share of endangered species such as woodland caribou and whooping cranes, found in the boreal regions of North America, and Siberian tigers and Blakiston's fish owl in Russia. (mongabay.com)
  • It can be found throughout the country, as far north as Alaska. (earthlife.net)
  • Standing at 24-28 cm, this charming creature belongs to the Odontophoridae family and can be found throughout North America. (peaceofanimals.com)
  • As whitetail deer populations have thrived in many parts of North America, trilliums have become a staple in their diet, leading to concerns about conserving these beautiful wildflowers. (tnnursery.net)
  • Sweet potatoes were grown in gardens by North American Indians and were an important staple food during the American Revolutionary War and the American Civil War . (encyclopedia.com)