• The project will identify key genes, pathways, and biological processes that are differentially regulated in response to hypoxia. (lu.se)
  • ISDN and SNP were similar in that they were both more effective in either hypoxia or normoxia than in hyperoxia. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Previous research has shown that Rhodiola crenulata ​effectively prevented hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and endothelial damage ​ and increased aerobic exercise performance ​ in hypoxic conditions. (nutraingredients.com)
  • This compound markedly decreased the hypoxia-induced accumulation of HIF-1α protein dose-dependently, whereas it did not affect the expressions of HIF-1β and topoisomerase-I (topo‑I). Furthermore, celastrol prevented hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1 target genes for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • and (v) the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in lung development. (stanford.edu)
  • We evaluated the role of hypoxia on the angiogenic potency of these MSCs. (minervamedica.it)
  • While much research is, and has been, carried out to investigate the effects of hypoxia, this is usually done using experimental models which employ stable levels of hypoxia. (mdpi.com)
  • They referenced a 2010 U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory study ​ showing that even moderate levels of hypoxia significantly degraded the ability of military instructor pilots to perform a precision slow flight task at 18,000 feet. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Taken together, some athletes are clearly more negatively affected during exercise in hypoxia than other athletes. (bmj.com)
  • In the Richalet's test, in healthy subject, the intensity and duration (30% maximal oxygen uptake, ~4 min) of exercise in hypoxia appear to be too low to modify the muscular metabolic balance, and to generate a ventilatory fatigue or to set up the hypocapnic inhibition mechanisms of hypoxic hyperventilation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This meta-analysis provides pooled evidence that HIIT in hypoxia may be more efficacious at improving VO 2max than HIIT in normoxia. (uws.ac.uk)
  • Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumours because impaired vascular function results in an inadequate blood supply. (bmj.com)
  • 1 Severe hypoxia causes a high mutation rate, resulting in point mutations, which may be explained by reduced DNA mismatch repair activity resulting from decreased MLH1 and PMS2 concentrations, which are caused by hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • 3- 5 Therefore, during severe hypoxia or anoxia, the cell initiates a cascade of events that leads to apoptotic cell death, thereby preventing the accumulation of cells with hypoxia induced mutations. (bmj.com)
  • 7 Severe hypoxia in the presence of energy stimulates cells to undergo apoptosis, whereas oxygen levels above 0.5% prevent cell death. (bmj.com)
  • These responses were obtained at rest and during submaximal exercise, using a standardized and validated protocol for exposure to acute normobaric hypoxia. (frontiersin.org)
  • In each trial, subjects wore a medical-grade PVC oxygen breathing mask supplied with 7% oxygen for 30 minutes at an ambient pressure of 760 mmHg to induce normobaric hypoxia. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Metabolic activity was significantly increased by hypoxia in both epithelial cell types. (lu.se)
  • Thus, under conditions frequently established for solid tumours in vivo, such as aglycemia and hypoxia, the metabolic flexibility of cancer cells is demonstrated. (pulsus.com)
  • Among these transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is one of the most important factors that play a critical role in controlling oxygen delivery and metabolic adaptation to hypoxic conditions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We establish that IGF-II-induced HIF2A/EPAS1 expression during hypoxia is due to de novo transcription and further present the estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) transcription factor as a positive regulator of HIF2A. (lu.se)
  • Using the novel CRISPR/Cas9-based enChIP technology in combination with SILAC-MS, we have isolated and identified potential regulatory proteins bound to the HIF2A promoter at normoxia and hypoxia. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, we found that pretreatment with RCE significantly attenuated the severity of hypoxia-induced acute mountain sickness. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Surprisingly, however, the majority of primed genes were not enriched for H3K4me3 acutely following hypoxia exposure. (frontiersin.org)
  • The NAPDH oxidase (Nox) family is emerging as a key disease-related factor in vascular diseases, but currently its role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary remodelling in COPD remains unclear. (ersjournals.com)
  • Here we investigate the role of p22phox, a regulatory subunit of Nox, in COPD lungs, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodelling and pulmonary hypertension. (ersjournals.com)
  • Hypoxia-driven pulmonary vascular remodelling is one of the underlying mechanisms, although many other mechanisms may contribute [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Temporal hemodynamic and histological progression in Sugen5416/hypoxia/normoxia-exposed pulmonary arterial hypertensive rats," Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. (just.edu.jo)
  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a critical role in hypoxia-induced CD133+ progenitor cells self-renewal and stimulates their accumulation in the lungs of pulmonary hypertensive rats. (just.edu.jo)
  • Since hypoxia can be a feature of respiratory disorders, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, it may be of importance to determine if airway smooth muscle function is altered under hypoxic conditions. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, increasing ventilatory work in hypoxia may actually be negative for performance, if dyspnoea increases or muscle blood flow is reduced secondary to an increased sympathetic outflow (eg, the muscle metaboreflex response). (bmj.com)
  • C) is involved in individual chemosensitivity to acute hypoxia, as assessed by ventilatory responses, in European individuals. (frontiersin.org)
  • Significant differences are present between COMT genotypes for oxygen saturation and ventilatory responses to hypoxia at rest. (frontiersin.org)
  • 11 ), which measures the ventilatory response to poikilocapnic hypoxia during submaximal exercise (i.e., simulating the effort of walking to the summit of Mont Blanc) ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It was recently hypothesized that elite breath-hold divers may display blunted ventilatory responses to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia (Ferretti et al. (unige.ch)
  • It is concluded that the divers, compared to C, had a blunted ventilatory response to hypercapnia, but not to hypoxia. (unige.ch)
  • Here, we use phrenic motor facilitation (pMF) as a general term, including pLTF after acute intermittent hypoxia and other forms induced, for example, by spinal administration of receptor agonists. (jneurosci.org)
  • Intermittent hypoxia-induced pLTF is associated with greater ERK phosphorylation (activation) in the region of the phrenic motor nucleus ( Wilkerson and Mitchell, 2009 ), and pLTF requires ERK (not Akt) activation in its underlying mechanism (M. S. Hoffman and G. S. Mitchell, unpublished observation). (jneurosci.org)
  • Results: In BEAS-2B and hAELVi, hypoxia significantly dowregulated genes related to fibrosis, mitochondrial stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation whereas VEGF receptor 2 increased. (lu.se)
  • Thus, TPZ cytotoxicity for neuroblastoma cell lines in hypoxia occurred via a p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway that caused induction of p53 and p21, ΔΨ m decrease, GSH depletion, and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Apoptosis can be induced in response to hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • Cells adapt to this environmental stress, so that after repeated periods of hypoxia, selection for resistance to hypoxia induced apoptosis occurs. (bmj.com)
  • The key regulator of this process, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), can initiate apoptosis by inducing high concentrations of proapoptotic proteins, such as BNIP3, and can cause stabilisation of p53. (bmj.com)
  • During hypoxia, an intricate balance exists between factors that induce or counteract apoptosis, or even stimulate proliferation. (bmj.com)
  • Understanding the regulation of apoptosis during hypoxia and the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis might lead to more specific treatments for solid tumours. (bmj.com)
  • The results demonstrated that SA inhibited apoptosis signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Ventilation was measured during normoxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia before and after administration of almitrine in conscious, unrestrained, tracheostomized rats with the superior laryngeal nerves intact or cut. (portlandpress.com)
  • The first-in-class small-molecule HIF-P4H inhibitor that activates the hypoxia response has been approved for treatment of renal anemia and several others are in clinical trials [ 10 , 11 ]. (springer.com)
  • However, the effects of RCE on response to hypoxia in the endothelium remain unclear. (mdpi.com)
  • Despite the positive molecular adaptations observed after various IHT modalities, the characteristics of optimal training stimulus in hypoxia are still unclear and their functional translation in terms of whole-body performance enhancement is minimal. (bmj.com)
  • However, its effect on hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment remains unclear. (nutraingredients.com)
  • We found that pretreatment with RCE effectively prevented oxygen saturation and hypoxia-impaired cognitive function," the researchers concluded. (nutraingredients.com)
  • Study 4 investigated the effects of NaHCO3 ingestion on 4 km TT performance at acute moderate hypoxia (~3000 m). (edgehill.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSION: Moderate hypoxia significantly reduced PPO (~4%), MPO (~5%) and WD (~5%) compared to normoxia. (minervamedica.it)
  • Researchers have understood for numerous years that the hypoxia found in tumors leads to more aggressive and harder to treat disease and ultimately, poor patient outcome. (mdpi.com)
  • While the active agent (IC87361) radiosensitizes in both hypoxia and normoxia, the prodrug (SN38023) has radiosensitizing effects only in hypoxic tumors. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Hypoxia is a typical condition in solid tumors, and cancer-derived EVs support tumor growth and invasion of tissues by tumor cells. (timegate.com)
  • ii) The effect of chronic hypoxia on contractile responses in rat isolated airways. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Salbutamol attenuated responses to methacholine, but only under hyperoxic conditions, in normoxia and hypoxia it was ineffective. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Tracheal rings (internal diameter ~2mm) isolated from rats exposed to 14 days of chronic hypobaric hypoxia (500-550mBar) produced contractions to methacholine, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and potassium chloride which were significantly less than responses in control rats. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We found that microglia exhibited enhanced responses to LPS 3 days and 6 days post-hypoxia. (frontiersin.org)
  • These findings provide evidence that hypoxia pre-exposure could lead to persistent and aberrant inflammatory responses in the context of CNS disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the central mediator of cellular responses to low oxygen and vital to many aspects of cancer biology. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mammalian cells have developed a range of adaptations to survive acute and even prolonged hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • These data show that acclimation to hypoxia has a direct effect on cod myocardial function and/or physiology, and suggest that the cod heart shows some adaptations to prolonged hypoxia. (biologists.com)
  • This study showed that cod acclimated to hypoxia ( P w O 2 8-9 kPa, 40% air saturation) had significantly lower values for resting and maximum stroke volume and cardiac output, and a significantly lower scope for stroke volume when swimming in hypoxic water as compared with normoxia-acclimated fish. (biologists.com)
  • In rings of bovine bronchi (3rd-5th order, 3-5mm internal diameter), isometric contractions were significantly potentiated when the oxygen tension in the Krebs- Henseleit solution was lowered from 524mm Hg (hyperoxia) to either 147 mm Hg (normoxia) or 26mm Hg (hypoxia). (gla.ac.uk)
  • We found that exposure of renal adenocarcinoma cells to hypoxia induced EV secretion and led to notable changes in the EV protein cargo in comparison to normoxia. (timegate.com)
  • RESULTS: The data showed that preconditioning with hypoxia promoted the secretion of bFGF, VEGF, and HGF by both AT-MSCs and UC-MSCs. (minervamedica.it)
  • By adding the stress of hypoxia during 'aerobic' or 'anaerobic' interval training, it is believed that IHT would potentiate greater performance improvements compared to similar training at sea level. (bmj.com)
  • Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) has been shown to possess protective activities against hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo. (mdpi.com)
  • In contrast, only one study has investigated the effect of chronic (weeks of) hypoxia on fish in vivo cardiovascular function ( Petersen and Gamperl, 2010 ). (biologists.com)
  • The results of this study will improve our understanding of the mechanism by which hypoxia maintains pluripotency of hESCs in vitro. (uwo.ca)
  • 9. Chan CK, Vanhoutte PM. Hypoxia, vascular smooth muscles and endothelium Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2013;3(1):1-7. (scielo.br)
  • While this work has provided novel insights into how fish cardiorespiratory physiology is impacted by prolonged exposure to hypoxia, the reason(s) for the diminished cardiac function in hypoxia-acclimated cod is not clear. (biologists.com)
  • To test this, we pre-exposed immortalized N9 and primary microglia to hypoxia (1% O 2 ) for 16 h and then challenged them with pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either immediately or 3-6 days following hypoxic exposure. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, HIIT in hypoxia improved VO 2max compared to HIIT in normoxia. (uws.ac.uk)
  • Discussion: In conclusion, our data indicate that bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells respond differently to hypoxia and profibrotic stimuli. (lu.se)
  • In conclusion, this study adds information on genetic factors involved in individual vulnerability to acute hypoxia and supports the critical role of the ≪ O 2 sensor ≫ - heme oxygenase-2 - in the chemosensitivity of carotid bodies in Humans. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2. The aim of this work was to investigate how hypoxia affects human lung epithelial cells in combination with profibrotic stimuli and its correlation to pathogenesis. (lu.se)
  • To gain insight into this mechanism, we used mass spectrometry to investigate changes in protein expression in hESCs cultured in hypoxia. (uwo.ca)
  • Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs from human adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) and from human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs). (minervamedica.it)
  • Environmental factors, such as hypoxia, may also influence the tone of the airway smooth muscle and in addition, alter its responsiveness to various pharmacological agonists. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Using available RNA sequencing data from previously published studies on intestinal organoids, the project will compare the gene expression profiles with newly generated RNA sequencing data from our lab's organoid cultures at hypoxia. (lu.se)
  • We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that hypoxia would enhance or "prime" microglial pro-inflammatory gene expression in response to a later inflammatory challenge without programmatically increasing basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • The concentrations of growth factors (such as HGF, bFGF, and VEGF) in the cell culture supernatants collected from culture media of the hypoxia-preconditioned AT-MSCs and UC-MSCs (as well as those from AT-MSCs and UC-MSCs cultured in normoxia) were measured by ELISA. (minervamedica.it)
  • For AT-MSCs, there was a significant increase in VEGF and bFGF production when preconditioned with hypoxia, compared to normoxia, while HGF production was only slightly increased. (minervamedica.it)
  • however, during heavy exercise, many athletes demonstrate limitations to expiratory flow and are unable to increase ventilation in hypoxia. (bmj.com)
  • The present study aimed to determine the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in hypoxia on maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) compared with HIIT in normoxia with a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)-accordant meta-analysis and meta-regression. (uws.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, because VEGFA-165 expression is hypoxia sensitive, it may play a role in respiratory plasticity after prolonged exposures to low oxygen. (jneurosci.org)
  • Both groups increased constant power in normoxia, but only the respiratory muscle training group maintained the adaptation 10 days after training. (sdsu.edu)
  • Contrary to aglycemic cells, glycolytic HepG2 cells showed the conventional HIF-mediated adaptation when exposed to hypoxia, i.e., even with unlimited respiratory substrate availability for 72 hours at 5% O2. (pulsus.com)
  • The severity of hypoxia determines whether cells become apoptotic or adapt to hypoxia and survive. (bmj.com)
  • In solid tumours, hypoxia is a common phenomenon. (bmj.com)
  • Individual chemosensitivity to hypoxia can be assessed by the hypoxic exercise test, developed and validated by Prof. Richalet et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • Bioreductive agents, such as Tirapazamine (TPZ), are preferentially cytotoxic in hypoxia and show activity against a variety of tumor cell lines ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In normoxia, regional cerebral oxygenation increased during the first two sprints and slightly fluctuated thereafter. (nih.gov)
  • 30 s) 'all-out' sprints with incomplete recoveries in hypoxia, the so-called repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). (bmj.com)
  • Mechanistically, MCT4 is upregulated under hypoxia via binding of HIF-1 α to two hypoxic response elements (HRE) within the SLC16A3 promoter [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We investigated whether inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (HIF-P4H-2), a key cellular oxygen sensor whose inhibition stabilizes HIF, would protect from NAFLD by subjecting HIF-P4H-2-deficient ( Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt ) mice to a high-fat, high-fructose (HFHF) or high-fat, methionine-choline-deficient (HF-MCD) diet. (springer.com)
  • The immediate partial restoration of respiration upon addition of membrane-permeant dimethyl-2- oxoglutarate to inhibited cells demonstrated the absence of 2OGdehydrogenase substrate post aminotransferase inhibition.Surprisingly, the AOA (bithionol) inhibition stopped after 72 hours of 5% O2 hypoxia, and respiration was fully recovered. (pulsus.com)
  • iv) The effect of hypoxia on the proliferation of cultured human airway smooth muscle cells. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Hypoxia has been shown to promote pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but the mechanism by which this occurs in poorly understood. (uwo.ca)
  • Common causes of cellular hypoxia resulting in elevated levels of EPO (up to 10 000 mU/mL) include any anemia, and hypoxemia due to chronic lung disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Introduction: Chronic lung disorders involve pathological alterations in the lung tissue with hypoxia as a consequence. (lu.se)
  • The bronchial epithelium appears more responsive to changes in oxygen levels and remodelling processes compared to the alveoli, suggesting that hypoxia may be a driver of pathogenesis in chronic lung disorders. (lu.se)
  • By using a hypoxia paradigm, the study suggests that cerebral oxygenation contributes to the impairment of repeated-sprint ability. (nih.gov)
  • We herein, report that in spite of what the current paradigm recognizes, HIF-2α is transcriptionally regulated at hypoxia by the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) via the PI3K-mTORC2 axis independent of Akt-mTORC1 signaling. (lu.se)
  • Immunofluroescence localization of Oct-4 revealed that cultures incubated in hypoxia were less differentiated than cultures incubated in normoxia. (uwo.ca)
  • However, little is known about how hypoxia affects the ability of microglia, resident CNS macrophages, to respond to subsequent inflammatory challenges that are often present during neurodegenerative processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hypoxia reduces the ability of a cell to maintain its energy level, because less ATP will be obtained from glycolysis than from oxidative phosphorylation. (bmj.com)
  • As a result, the glycolysis pathway in diabetic HepG2 cells was accelerated by the Hypoxia-Induced Factor (HIF), which was preceded by galactolysis. (pulsus.com)
  • In contrast, this initial cerebral hyper-oxygenation was attenuated in hypoxia. (nih.gov)
  • Fig. 3: PK activation diminishes the effect of fructose on hypoxia survival. (nature.com)