• The examples considered are tests concerning survival probabilities based on doubly censored data, a test for presence of heterogeneity in the gamma frailty model, a test for significance of the regression coefficient in Cox's regression model for current status data and a test for a ratio of hazards rates in an exponential mixture model. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Using these parameters, the Weibull distribution can then be used to model many different failure distributions. (appspot.com)
  • A three-parameter Weibull Distribution also includes a location parameter, sometimes termed failure free life. (appspot.com)
  • For the experimental data, we compare our estimates of whether an innervating connection is excitatory or inhibitory with the results obtained by manually analyzing other physiological information such as spike waveforms, autocorrelograms, and mean firing rate. (nature.com)
  • We obtained parameter estimates from published studies, national surveys, and other sources. (cdc.gov)
  • Of these, studying DNA-confirmed father-son pairs is the most reliable approach but only if the number of father-son pairs investigated is large enough to reveal reliable mutation rate estimates. (springer.com)
  • Generates random numbers for the Log-Normal distribution and estimates the parameters. (wessa.net)
  • for example, the model with the best global in-sample fit may provide poor estimates of the discontinuity parameter, which depends on the regression function at boundary points. (stanford.edu)
  • The resulting analysis provides estimates for the Weibull shape parameter, β, and characteristic life, η. (appspot.com)
  • The standard deviation is of the boostrapped distribution of parameter estimates. (rba.gov.au)
  • Estimates of interindividual variability remained moderate (25.9% for the gut bioavailability) to high (79.8% for the apparent volume of distribution of the central compartment, and 101% for T-50). (unav.edu)
  • We which described a "`silent epidemic' of dental and oral dis- obtained parameter estimates from published studies, eases. (cdc.gov)
  • I choose priors for financial parameters so that the model estimation can be consistent with Compustat evidence on corporate investment financing during the same sample period. (federalreserve.gov)
  • This bound is larger by a logarithmic factor than the usual minimax rate for estimation at a point when the global and local minimax rates of convergence differ. (projecteuclid.org)
  • An inequality concerning estimation in a two-parameter statistical problem plays a key role in the proof. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Medians from Bayesian estimation of locus-specific mutation rates ranged from 0.0003 for DYS448 to 0.0074 for DYS458, with a median rate across all 17 Y-STRs of 0.0025. (springer.com)
  • The first is parameter estimation, which comprises finding the parameters for a given model that provide the best fit to the data and then estimating uncertainties on these parameters. (nasa.gov)
  • The standard statistic used in parameter estimation is the maximum likelihood. (nasa.gov)
  • None of the proposed charts depend on the assumption of underlying distribution or estimation of distributional parameters. (bham.ac.uk)
  • We propose an alternative method for estimation and statistical inference in regression discontinuity designs that uses numerical convex optimization to directly obtain the finite-sample-minimax linear estimator for the regression discontinuity parameter, subject to bounds on the second derivative of the conditional response function. (stanford.edu)
  • Parameters estimation was performed under the Bayesian statistical approach. (bvsalud.org)
  • A matrix of trait evolution parameters sampled from their priors and summary statistics from the simulations. (rdrr.io)
  • The proposed approach forms an extension of of what consumers purchase on Amazon, and 75 percent of the pLSA approach developed in [2], allowing for Gaus- what they watch on Netflix, result from product recommen- sian emission distributions with appropriately chosen priors. (lu.se)
  • However, the estimator of the nuisance parameter may not be asymptotically Gaussian or may converge to the true parameter value at a slower rate than the square root of the sample size. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Almost all astronomical data are drawn from one of two distributions: Gaussian (or normal) and Poisson. (nasa.gov)
  • If some other sort of noise is dominant then it is usually described by the Gaussian distribution. (nasa.gov)
  • In the limit of large numbers of counts the Poisson distribution can be well approximated by a Gaussian so the latter is often used for detectors with high counting rates. (nasa.gov)
  • is randomly sampled from Gaussian distribution. (github.com)
  • For modelling purposes we assume a Normal Inverse Gaussian distribution, allowing heavier tails and skewness. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E. (1997) Normal Inverse Gaussian Distributions and Stochastic Volatility modelling. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In this study, we consider analysis of continuous repeated measurement outcome that are collected through time, called longitudinal data, within the framework of linear mixed- effects models with non-Gaussian distributions. (lu.se)
  • Generalised Laplace, normal inverse Gaussian or t-distribution. (lu.se)
  • Psychophysiological research integrating heart rate variability (HRV) has increased during the last two decades, particularly given the fact that HRV is able to index cardiac vagal tone. (frontiersin.org)
  • heart rate variability (HRV), representing the change in the time interval between successive heartbeats (see Figure 1 ), became a strong focus of psychophysiological research. (frontiersin.org)
  • Heart rate variability (HRV). (frontiersin.org)
  • The heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is used in different medicine branches as a sensitive diagnostic method of disorders of autonomic nervous system and heart, in adults and children. (muni.cz)
  • The heart rate variability increases after age (total power, very low and low frequency). (muni.cz)
  • The Poisson distribution is the familiar case of counting statistics and is valid whenever the only source of experimental noise is due to the number of events arriving at the detector. (nasa.gov)
  • Merton's model (1973) explains the short rate as r t = r 0 + a t + σ W t ∗ {\displaystyle r_{t}=r_{0}+at+\sigma W_{t}^{*}} : where W t ∗ {\displaystyle W_{t}^{*}} is a one-dimensional Brownian motion under the spot martingale measure. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this approach, the short rate follows an arithmetic Brownian motion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Options currently implemented are: "BM" = Brownian Motion, "Trend" = Brownian moton with a trend, "twoRate" = two Brownian rate model (see hotclade below). (rdrr.io)
  • The type of prior distribution on the Brownian rate parameter. (rdrr.io)
  • In all cases, the estimator of the real parameter has an asymptotic normal distribution. (projecteuclid.org)
  • The problem of loss adaptation is investigated: given a fixed parameter, the goal is to construct an estimator that adapts to the loss function in the sense that the estimator is optimal both globally and locally at every point. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Given the class of estimator sequences that achieve the minimax rate, over a fixed Besov space, for estimating the entire function a lower bound is given on the performance for estimating the function at each point. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Under a short rate model, the stochastic state variable is taken to be the instantaneous spot rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following are the one-factor models, where a single stochastic factor - the short rate - determines the future evolution of all interest rates. (wikipedia.org)
  • To complement the deterministic model, we developed an individual-based stochastic population model in which each of the individuals produced a variable number of offspring and survived one year with certain probabilities that were drawn from estimated distributions of age-specific clutch size and survival rates. (bioone.org)
  • Averaged population growth rate under the stochastic model was λ = 1.1, and the risk of extinction defined as the proportion of trials in which population size ≤ 1 within 30 years was ≤ 8.9%, even when the starting population was small (15 birds). (bioone.org)
  • Finally we show how to (computationally) efficiently estimate the parameters of the model using stochastic gradient method with subsampling. (lu.se)
  • A Poisson-based modeling revealed that the Y-STR mutation rate increased with increasing father's age on a statistically significant level ( α = 0.0294, 2.5% quantile = 0.0001). (springer.com)
  • Annual rates varied substantially by year and age group, and statistically significant associations were absent in several years or age groups. (who.int)
  • Exceedingly long follow-up is required to accurately estimate the cure rate and the long-term effect of radiotherapy. (scirp.org)
  • In this tutorial we will estimate migration rates, effective population sizes and locations of internal nodes using the marginal approximation of the structured coalescent implemented in BEAST2, MASCOT Müller, Rasmussen, & Stadler, 2018 . (github.io)
  • We used generalized additive time series models to estimate the association between weekly counts of laboratory-confirmed influenza infections and weekly rates of total and non-admitted respiratory, infection, cardiovascular and all-cause ED visits in NSW, Australia for the period 2010 through 2014. (who.int)
  • We used time-series analysis to estimate the rate, number and proportion of ED visits attributable to influenza in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia by age and year for the period 2010 to 2014. (who.int)
  • We observe an oscillation in neural firing rate in the lateral intraparietal area consistent with such a role. (jneurosci.org)
  • Recently, neural networks were infarction and normal ECGs, but also to ®nd all types implemented in computerized electrocardiographs of ECG patterns that were not represented in the for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. (lu.se)
  • For the proposed logistic growth model, it was determined that when using Imatinib treatment the growth rate is 0.93 (95% CrI: 84.33-99.64) slower and reduces the tumor volume to approximately 10% (95% CrI : 8.67-10.81). (bvsalud.org)
  • Nevertheless the likelihood ratio statistic is shown to possess an asymptotic chi-squared distribution. (projecteuclid.org)
  • It is important to highlight that the distributions are not normal, so this statistic should be considered informative but not conclusive in terms of the significance of the coefficients. (rba.gov.au)
  • A regime-switching Levy framework, where all parameter values depend on the value of a continuous time Markov chain as per Chevallier and Goutte (2017), is employed to study US Corporate Option-Adjusted Spreads (OASs). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Due to the numerous of web-based applications and services, and are a widely used parameters required in the pLSA framework, over-fitting is in applications and services such as, e.g. (lu.se)
  • Thus, specifying a model for the short rate specifies future bond prices. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endogenous short rate models are short rate models where the term structure of interest rates, or of zero-coupon bond prices T ↦ P ( 0 , T ) {\displaystyle T\mapsto P(0,T)} , is an output of the model, so it is "inside the model" (endogenous) and is determined by the model parameters. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exogenous short rate models are models where such term structure is an input, as the model involves some time dependent functions or shifts that allow for inputing a given market term structure, so that the term structure comes from outside (exogenous). (wikipedia.org)
  • This problem is overcome by allowing the parameters to vary deterministically with time, or by adding a deterministic shift to the endogenous model. (wikipedia.org)
  • see Lattice model (finance) § Interest rate derivatives and Monte Carlo methods for option pricing, although some short rate models have closed form solutions for zero coupon bonds, and even caps or floors, easing the calibration task considerably. (wikipedia.org)
  • In general, the theory involves the $L_2$ rate of convergence for the fitted model and its components. (projecteuclid.org)
  • In order to express the nonlinear power output of the PV module with respect to the hourly global horizontal irradiance derived from satellite images, this study employed the Gompertz model, which is composed of three parameters and the sigmoid equation. (mdpi.com)
  • It is noteworthy that as early as 1949, Boag [4] estimated the cure rate using his survival model which has three parameters including the cure rate. (scirp.org)
  • The advantage of his model is that its parameters provide the information for clinicians and patients eagerly seek, such as the patient's chance of being cured, and if not cured, the time to death from the cancer. (scirp.org)
  • Range expansions and contractions introduce rate variability into drift processes, range expansion under a drift model can drive directional change in trait evolution, and spatial selection gradients can create spatial variation in traits that can produce long‐term directional trends and punctuation events depending on the balance between selection strength, gene flow, extirpation probability and model of speciation. (palass.org)
  • The second operation is testing whether the model and its best-fit parameters actually match the data. (nasa.gov)
  • This is based on the intuitive idea that the best values of the parameters are those that maximize the probability of the observed data given the model. (nasa.gov)
  • The likelihood is defined as the total probability of observing the data given the model and current parameters. (nasa.gov)
  • the values of the predicted data rates based on the model (with current parameters) and instrumental response. (nasa.gov)
  • the predicted count rates based on the current model and instrumental response. (nasa.gov)
  • the predicted rates from a model for the expected background. (nasa.gov)
  • Flotation kinetics study indicated that chromium bioflotation follows the first-order kinetic model with a rate of 0.023 sec−1. (ntnu.no)
  • We find that a regime-switching Levy model clearly defines two regimes for A-, AA-, and AAA-rated OASs. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Table 3 presents the results from an EGARCH(1,1) model of log changes in the AUD/USD exchange rate over the full sample, and in each of the high- and low-bound regimes. (rba.gov.au)
  • If a two-rate model is to be fit, which clade takes the second rate? (rdrr.io)
  • The population growth rate, evaluated by use of a deterministic projection-matrix model, predicted a stable population, λ = 1.105 ± 0.063, 95% CI = 0.985-1.231 and λ = 1.114 ± 0.062, 0.996-1.239, using two different assumptions for the final age of reproduction by ptarmigan. (bioone.org)
  • We apply the model on a dataset of measurement of eGFR (estimated Gromerular Filtration Rate) for approximately 16000 patient. (lu.se)
  • water 1H relaxation dispersion profiles to be reported from empirical fitting procedures, the model-free approach is based on protein solutions ( 6 - 8 ), however, extended over a much wider rigorous theory and produces parameters with well-defined phys- frequency range than a Lorentzian dispersion (see Fig. 1). (lu.se)
  • This is true regardless of the shape parameter (β) chosen. (appspot.com)
  • Optimization range for the lambda parameter for Box-Cox. (rdrr.io)
  • The increased variability due to low sample size is accounted for in the distribution which has heavier tails when the degrees of freedom is low which corresponds to a low sample size. (stackexchange.com)
  • Likelihood ratio tests and related confidence intervals for a real parameter in the presence of an infinite dimensional nuisance parameter are considered. (projecteuclid.org)
  • Given a bound on the second derivative, our proposed method is fully data driven and provides uniform confidence intervals for the regression discontinuity parameter with both discrete and continuous running variables. (stanford.edu)
  • @bercikr aside from the most recent parameter vector, why would you need previous parameter vectors? (github.com)
  • Assuming that in all patients follow-up was terminated at 50 or 25 years after diagnosis, likelihood ratio test and stratified Log-rank tests were performed to evaluate the differences in cure rate and overall survival between the two cohorts. (scirp.org)
  • EVALUATION FOR ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKE BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS Absorption, Distribution and Excretion In normal, sham-operated and partially hepatectomized male rats, the rate of elimination of a single dose or three daily doses of ( 35 S)-captan, at 6 mg/kg body weight given intraperitoneally, was similar. (inchem.org)
  • Compared to sedated patients, nonsedated status showed an increased first-order absorption rate constant (1.1 vs. 0.1 h(-1)) and a 24% reduction in bioavailability (F-NS) at 14 days post-transplant. (unav.edu)
  • We found only weak evidence of country- or institution-related status bias, and mixed regression models with discipline as random-effect parameter indicated that any plausible bias not detected by our study must be small in size. (elifesciences.org)
  • Practice parameters for diagnosis and evaluation of dementia, as published by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), consider structural brain imaging to be optimal. (medscape.com)
  • Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E. and Blaesild, P., (1981) Hyperbolic Distributions and Ramifications: Contributions to Theory and Application. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Which statistics should be used for these two operations depends on the probability distributions underlying the data. (nasa.gov)
  • Was the validity of the t-distribution the only reason he suggested a larger sample? (stackexchange.com)
  • To map out the frequency dependence of this function, the function has no a priori validity, the parameters are generally relaxation rate must be measured over a wide range of mag- interpreted as if they had a definitive physical significance. (lu.se)
  • In this way, exogenous models such as Ho-Lee and subsequent models, can be calibrated to market data, meaning that these can exactly return the price of bonds comprising the yield curve, and the remaining parameters can be used for options calibration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maximum-likelihood Fitting of the Normal Distribution for any univariate data series. (wessa.net)
  • The novelty of the proposed schemes are that they do not depend on commonly assumed Normal distribution of the process variables and is applicable for a much wider range of data distributions. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Those assumptions are in the one sample case that the data are iid normal (or approximately normal) with mean 0 under the null hypothesis and a variance that is unknown but estimated from the sample. (stackexchange.com)
  • Using large data base analyses, research was analyzed for different health research output parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To account for the properties of exchange rate data, a GARCH error structure is typically used. (rba.gov.au)
  • computes the area under the normal density for a given lower and upper value, mean, and standard deviation. (wessa.net)
  • This applet shades the graph and computes the probability of X, when X is between two parameters x1 and x2. (causeweb.org)
  • A lower bound for the maximum global risk is given for estimators that achieve optimal minimax rates of convergence at every point. (projecteuclid.org)
  • The convergence is in the sense of finite-dimensional distributions, and also of space-time random fields (tightness does not hold in the usual Skorohod topology). (projecteuclid.org)
  • Spatial distribution of published items for cardiac and cardiovascular systems differed in comparison to the distribution for the respiratory system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The vast majority of water 1H disper- about molecular motions that can be derived from nuclear spin sions have been analyzed by an empirical 3-parameter function relaxation rates is contained in the spectral density function ( 1 ). (lu.se)
  • Establishing a reliable knowledge on the mutation rates and characteristics of these particular 17 Y-STRs included in the kit are important for particular forensic and anthropological applications. (springer.com)
  • There were no differences in normal, sham-operated or partially hepatectomized animals (Couch et al 1977). (inchem.org)
  • In the one sample case the distribution under the null hypothesis is a central t with n-1 degrees of freedom. (stackexchange.com)
  • In the two sample cases with sample sizes n and m not necessarily equal the null distribution of the test statistics is t with n+m-2 degrees of freedom. (stackexchange.com)
  • In evolutionary anthropological studies, Y-STRs are usually applied to unveil the local and temporal origin of a given Y-SNP based haplogroup, and Y-STR mutation rates are used for time estimations as well as (often) for weighted network constructions [ 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Neurons in the parietal cortex produced brief oscillations in their firing rate at the time routing was established: upon onset of the motion display when its location was unpredictable across trials, and upon onset of an attention cue that indicated in which of two locations an informative patch of dots would appear. (jneurosci.org)
  • The proposed method quickly detects anomalies with high accuracy while adapting (learning) over time to new system normals, making it a desirable tool for considerably reducing maintenance costs associated with operability of large computing infrastructures. (oreilly.com)
  • The aim of this study was to compare the rate of change in pachymetric, keratometric, and corneal wavefront-related parameters over a standardized change in time and base values (defined as the fractional rate of change later) in cases with progressive KC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The reliability and hazard rate can be determined estimated at a specific point in time (x) using the derived β and η. (appspot.com)
  • To evaluate the effect of follow-up length on the outcome of breast cancer patients, we compared the 50- and 25-year follow-up results in terms of cure rate, overall mortality and mortalities from breast cancer, second cancer, and benign diseases. (scirp.org)
  • Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate possible changes of actigraphy-based and subjective sleep parameters in a group of elite open-water swimmers during a 14-day altitude training camp (ATC) at 1500 m. (mdpi.com)
  • The present study was conducted to evaluate different research output parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, uniform and normal are implemented. (rdrr.io)
  • 2009) to generate tuning parameters MECCA's ABC-MCMC. (rdrr.io)
  • The estimated all-age, annual influenza-attributable respiratory, infection, cardiovascular and all-cause visit rates/100 000 population/year were, respectively, 120.6 (99.9% confidence interval [CI] 102.3 to 138.8), 79.7 (99.9% CI: 70.6 to 88.9), 14.0 (99.9% CI: 6.8 to 21.3) and 309.0 (99.9% CI: 208.0 to 410.1). (who.int)
  • cardiovascular rates did not vary significantly by age. (who.int)
  • During the 50 years, radical mastectomy alone compared with radical mastectomy plus adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with a significantly higher cure rate, and higher survivals regardless of whether the death was from breast cancer, second cancer, benign causes or any causes. (scirp.org)
  • The brain structure imaging analysis of patients with AD and normal people (normal control, NC) has found that the gray matter volume of AD patients was significantly lower than that of normal people, and the gray matter in the hippocampus, temporal poles, and temporal islands also has significant shrinkage [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The models were fitted to the following growth dynamics: normal tumor growth, growth with exosomes, growth with Imatinib, and growth with exosomes-Imatinib mixture. (bvsalud.org)
  • Create a normal distribution object and compute the pdf values of the normal distribution using the object. (mathworks.com)
  • Alternatively, you can compute the same pdf values without creating a probability distribution object. (mathworks.com)
  • The rate of fractional change was higher for aberrometric parameters (anterior corneal higher-order aberrations root mean square and anterior coma) compared to pachymetric and keratometric parameters ( P values ranging from 1.4 × 10 −4 to 7.4 × 10 −10 , Mann-Whitney test, effect size ranging from 0.4-0.7). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Default values for the BM rate are taken from the range reported in Harmon et al. (rdrr.io)
  • Should Maximum Likelihood ("ML") values be used to start the diversification rate sampler? (rdrr.io)
  • if not, two numeric values should be specified for speciation and extinction rates. (rdrr.io)
  • If a normal prior is used for the trait evolution rate, it can be bounded with reasonable values to ensure that the chain does not get stuck in areas of low likelihood. (rdrr.io)
  • Default values correspond to the range of rates reported in Harmon et al. (rdrr.io)
  • Sample distributions for the three-way factorial design across the six disciplines. (elifesciences.org)
  • The aim of this study was to establish baseline information about the prevalence and distribution of growth deficit (stunting) in a sample of Iraqi schoolchildren from the capital, Baghdad. (who.int)
  • The results are robust to uncertainty in many parameters and processes. (bmj.com)
  • We perform a comparison study of the commonly used multivariate control charts when the underlying distribution is not normal and show that they perform poorly giving a very high false alarm rate. (bham.ac.uk)
  • The Fed's choice of price index may or may not have something to do with the PCE consistently showing the lowest rate of increase of all the commonly available indices. (convex-strategies.com)
  • The secular trend of an increase in obesity rates has been observed in Europe (England, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden and others) and the Central Pacific area (Australia and Samoa). (bvsalud.org)
  • In Africa and Asia, obesity has had lower rates and has become more common within urban populations¹. (bvsalud.org)
  • This means that instantaneous forward rates are also specified by the usual formula f ( t , T ) = − ∂ ∂ T ln ⁡ ( P ( t , T ) ) . {\displaystyle f(t,T)=-{\frac {\partial }{\partial T}}\ln(P(t,T)).} Short rate models are often classified as endogenous and exogenous. (wikipedia.org)
  • The models contained parameters representing the effects of the three components on CML proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among respiratory visits, influenza-attributable rates were highest among (who.int)
  • In addition, the resting heart rate usually increases by only 10-15 beats per minute. (medscape.com)
  • Effects on Other Biochemical Parameters Incubation of isolated liver nuclei from normal rats with captan for 10 minutes at 37 C resulted in changes in distribution of various protein fractions. (inchem.org)
  • The third trimester fetus can adapt to a decrease in uterine blood flow and oxygen delivery by diverting blood distribution to the heart, brain, and adrenal glands. (medscape.com)
  • In forensics, mutation rates are needed when STRs are applied to paternity testing, and Y-STRs are especially powerful in deficiency cases of disputed paternity involving male offspring where the alleged father is not available for DNA analysis but is replaced by any of his male paternal relatives. (springer.com)
  • Specifying the current short rate does not specify the entire yield curve. (wikipedia.org)
  • The interest rates implied by the zero coupon bonds form a yield curve, or more precisely, a zero curve. (wikipedia.org)
  • To compare the rate of fractional change for multiple corneal tomographic factors in progressive keratoconus (KC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coma (0.076 ± 1.4) had the largest rate of fractional change ( P = 1.7 × 10 −14 , Kruskal-Wallis test). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anterior corneal wavefront, especially anterior coma, were noted to have higher rate of fractional change compared to single point keratometric and pachymetric indices in progressive KC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because the average estimated blood loss is approximately 500 mL for a vaginal delivery and 1000 mL for a cesarean delivery, no change in hemodynamic parameters occurs because of these preemptive adaptations. (medscape.com)
  • If BM is used, columns 1 and 2 are the rate and root state parameter samples. (rdrr.io)
  • Blood flow to the uterine arteries is normally maxillary vasodilated, so blood delivery to the uterus is maximal in the normal physiologic state. (medscape.com)