• Individuals with this syndrome, consisting of an extra X chromosome, are known to develop mediastinal germ cell tumors at least 10 years earlier than those without the syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
  • Hematologic malignancies are frequently associated with mediastinal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Highly differentiated yolk-sac tumors make up 30% of mediastinal germ cell tumors, providing a possible basis for this association. (medscape.com)
  • Mediastinal germ cell tumors account for only 2-5% of all germinal tumors, but they constitute 50-70% of all extragonadal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Mediastinal germ cell tumors account for 1-15% of adult anterior mediastinal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Mature teratomas represent 60-70% of mediastinal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Nonseminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumors (NS-MGCTs) are faster growing and metastasize earlier than mediastinal seminomas. (medscape.com)
  • Distant metastases are seen only in malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Mature teratoma rupture, teratoma with malignant transformation, and hematologic malignancies may complicate mediastinal germ cell tumors (see Complications). (medscape.com)
  • The balance of the p53-mdm2 interaction has been shown to be disrupted in intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs). (medscape.com)
  • Very rare tumors of the adolescent and young adult, intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs) are localized preferentially to the pineal and suprasellar regions. (medscape.com)
  • Although seminomas (60% of intracranial germ cell tumors) have a predilection for the suprasellar region, embryonal carcinomas, yolk-sac tumors, and choriocarcinomas mainly occur in the pineal region. (medscape.com)
  • Fewer than 5-7% of germ cell tumors occur outside the gonads, but of the extragonadal sites, the mediastinum is the most common location for these tumors. (medscape.com)
  • The first theory on extragonadal malignant germ cell tumors postulated that the tumors developed from primitive germ cells in the endoderm of the yolk sac or from the urogenital ridge. (medscape.com)
  • Extragonadal germinal cell syndromes are rare tumors that predominantly affect young males. (medscape.com)
  • Literature suggests that the only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In extragonadal germ cell tumors, no evidence of a primary malignancy is present in either the testes or ovaries by radiologic imaging or physical examination. (medscape.com)
  • Extragonadal germ cell tumors produce a rich symptomatology and may reach large volumes if they arise in silent areas. (medscape.com)
  • Controversy remains regarding the origin of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs). (medscape.com)
  • Some retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors may represent metastases from a testicular cancer , with subsequent spontaneous necrosis of the primary tumour. (medscape.com)
  • The mediastinum is the most common site of extragonadal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • The second most common site of extragonadal germ cell tumors (30-40%), after the mediastinum, is the retroperitoneum. (medscape.com)
  • Of the germ cell tumors, benign teratomas (ie, dermoid cysts) are the most commonly diagnosed mediastinal mass and are present in 50-70% of infants and children with germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Although 90-100% of malignant germ cell tumors are symptomatic, only 50% of teratomas produce symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Retroperitoneal germ cell tumors (RGCTs) represent 10% of all malignant primary retroperitoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Often patients with retroperitoneal germ cell tumors present late, after their tumors have reached large dimensions. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant transformation of germ cells is the result of a multistep process of genetic changes. (medscape.com)
  • Germ cell tumors of the mediastinum are uncommon. (medscape.com)
  • Other areas where germ cell tumors can occur are the retroperitoneum, the intra-abdominal cavity, and the chest. (medscape.com)
  • The exact mechanism whereby germ cell tumors originate in the mediastinum remains unknown. (medscape.com)
  • Germ cell tumors in the mediastinum were first reported more than 50 years ago. (medscape.com)
  • Other researchers hypothesized that these totipotential cells become detached during embryogenesis and result in primitive masses, which may develop into germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Mediastinal germ cells tumors are now postulated to be autonomous oncologic entities. (medscape.com)
  • These tumors are composed of large cells with multiple nuclei, which closely resemble syncytiotrophoblasts. (medscape.com)
  • Unlike other germ cell tumors, seminomas tend to remain localized in the chest, and only occasionally do they invade adjacent structures. (medscape.com)
  • The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • These cells normally move into the scrotum during development, but when this migration fails, the cells may remain localized to either the mediastinum or the retroperitoneum. (medscape.com)
  • Research has not supported the theory that these cells metastasize from gonadal tissue. (medscape.com)
  • During this stage of germ cell development, aberrant chromatid exchange events associated with crossing over can occur. (medscape.com)
  • The first suggests that fetal gonocytes whose development into spermatogonia is blocked may undergo abnormal cell division and then invasive growth mediated by postnatal and pubertal gonadotrophin stimulation. (medscape.com)
  • Severe arthropathy of peripheral joints and evidence of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy were reported in one case. (medscape.com)
  • Amplification of CCND2 activates cdk4/6, allowing the cell to progress through the G1-S checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • This book also has a dedicated section on Regenerative Medicine with chapters on platelet rich plasma, stem cell therapy, and intradiscal regenerative therapy. (nshealth.ca)
  • Spinal Cord Stimulation Hybrid Lead Array: Epidural and Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation Trial -- 17. (nshealth.ca)
  • The cells are large and contain variable amounts of glycogen. (medscape.com)
  • Loss of ERĪ± in kisspeptin (Kiss1)-expressing cells is sufficient to recapitulate the bone phenotype, identifying Kiss1 neurons as a critical node in this powerful neuroskeletal circuit. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Primary mediastinal nonseminoma germ cell tumors (PMNSGCT) are a subgroup of nonseminoma germ cell tumors (GCT) with poor prognosis. (nih.gov)
  • 3. A prognostic model including pre- and postsurgical variables to enhance risk stratification of primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: the 27-year experience of a referral center. (nih.gov)
  • 7. A 25-year single institution experience with surgery for primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (nih.gov)
  • Mediastinal germ cells tumors are now postulated to be autonomous oncologic entities. (medscape.com)
  • Of the germ cell tumors, benign teratomas (ie, dermoid cysts) are the most commonly diagnosed mediastinal mass and are present in 50-70% of infants and children with germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Individuals with this syndrome, consisting of an extra X chromosome, are known to develop mediastinal germ cell tumors at least 10 years earlier than those without the syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • 10. Identification of prognostic subgroups among patients with metastatic 'IGCCCG poor-prognosis' germ-cell cancer: an explorative analysis using cart modeling. (nih.gov)
  • 11. Dose-dense chemotherapy for untreated poor-prognosis and relapsed germ-cell tumours: an 18-year experience with GAMEC chemotherapy. (nih.gov)
  • 6. DNA damage measured in blood cells predicts overall and progression-free survival in germ cell tumour patients. (nih.gov)
  • C3250 Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Maturation C90259 Pediatric Terminology A C3878 Thyroid Gland Undifferentiated (Anaplastic) Carcinoma Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Undifferentiated Thyroid Tumor A primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland composed of undifferentiated cells. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, DPP3 knockdown leads to down-regulation of the NRF2 pathway proteins, such as NRF2, G6PD, and NQO1 along with increased sensitivity toward oxidative stress-induced cell death and chemotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Methodology: Thirty-five patients receiving palliative chemotherapy underwent blood sampling [2 mL in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) vial] at baseline and at 3 months intervals. (bvsalud.org)
  • DPP3 stable knockdown was performed in ESCC cells by shRNA and its effect on cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway was assessed. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results suggested that DPP3 is overexpressed in ESCC and its knockdown leads to reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and inhibited migration of ESCC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • These cells normally move into the scrotum during development, but when this migration fails, the cells may remain localized to either the mediastinum or the retroperitoneum. (medscape.com)
  • 9. The prognostic impact of different tumor marker levels in nonseminomatous germ cell tumor patients with intermediate prognosis: A registry of the International Global Germ Cell Tumor Collaborative Group (G3). (nih.gov)
  • 13. Prognostic Significance of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Disseminated Germ Cell Cancer Patients. (nih.gov)
  • Results: CTCs isolated from 80% of patients (n = 28) showed the sensitivity of cell detection at the baseline and 3 months intervals. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results suggest that MC delivery via microvesicles can mediate gene transfer to an extent that enables effective prodrug conversion and tumor cell death such that it comprises a promising approach to cancer therapy. (regenerativemedicine.net)