• Hydrops fetalis (fetal hydrops) is a serious fetal condition defined as abnormal accumulation of fluid in two or more fetal compartments, including ascites , pleural effusion , pericardial effusion , and skin edema. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrops fetalis has been a well-recognized fetal and neonatal condition throughout history. (medscape.com)
  • More recent recognition of factors other than isoimmune hemolytic disease that can cause or be associated with fetal hydrops led to the use of the term nonimmune hydrops to identify those cases in which the fetal disorder was caused by factors other than isoimmunization. (medscape.com)
  • With the introduction of widespread immunoprophylaxis for red blood cell alloimmunization and the use of in-utero transfusions for immune hydrops therapy, nonimmune causes have become responsible for at least 85% of all cases of fetal hydrops. (medscape.com)
  • Nevertheless, in developing countries, the incidence of immune fetal hydrops is still high. (medscape.com)
  • Several hypotheses regarding the pathophysiologic events that lead to fetal hydrops have been suggested. (medscape.com)
  • The basic mechanism for the formation of fetal hydrops is an imbalance of interstitial fluid production and the lymphatic return. (medscape.com)
  • However, in the sheep model, a 41% reduction in total serum protein accompanied by a 44% decline in colloid osmotic pressure failed to produce fetal hydrops. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Furthermore, a study in humans showed that, despite a significant negative correlation between the fetal serum albumin level and the degree of fetal hydrops, most fetuses with hydrops had albumin levels within the reference range. (medscape.com)
  • La hidropesía fetal es una afección fetal letal definida como la acumulación anormal de líquido en dos o más compartimentos fetales que se presenta como ascitis, derrame pleural, derrame pericárdico y edema cutáneo. (igenomix.com)
  • La hidropesía fetal o hidropesía fetal es una condición fetal letal definida como la acumulación anormal de líquido en dos o más compartimentos fetales que se presenta como ascitis, derrame pleural, derrame pericárdico y edema cutáneo. (igenomix.com)
  • La hidropesía fetal no inmunitaria se puede dividir en fetal, materna, placentaria e idiopática. (igenomix.com)
  • El panel de precisión Igenomix de síndrome de hidropesía fetal se puede utilizar para hacer un diagnóstico directo y preciso que, en última instancia, conduce a un mejor manejo y pronóstico de la enfermedad. (igenomix.com)
  • Inicio temprano del tratamiento en forma de derivación temprana a un centro de alto riesgo, asesoramiento multidisciplinario y coordinación estrecha entre especialistas obstétricos y neonatales o tratamiento fetal invasivo temprano. (igenomix.com)
  • Enzymatic studies in chorionic villous sample or amniotic cultured cells, once the most common conditions associated with fetal ascites or hydrops have been ruled out, are important. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The precise incidence of hydrops fetalis is difficult to elucidate, because many cases are not detected prior to intrauterine fetal death and some cases may resolve spontaneously in utero. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Definition The Greek-Latin term hydrops fetalis is issued for pathologically increased fluid accumulations in fetal soft tissues and serous cavities.1 Immune hydrops fetalis refers to those cases of hydrops that are caused by alloimmune hemolytic anemia in the presence of circulating maternal antibodies against fetal erythrocytes.2 If there is no evidence of blood group incompatibility (isoimmunization), the hydrops is characterized as being nonimmune hydrops fetalis. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Fetal hydrops is defined by the demonstration of fluid accumulations in at least two of these four fluid compartments.3 But the placenta and the amniotic sac have sometimes been included as additional "fetal compartments. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • A subset of these cases with more sustained periods of tachycardia is clinically relevant for enhanced risk of cardiac failure, non-immune hydrops, and fetal death [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Parvovirus B19 infection can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, through the placenta, which can lead to late fetal death or severe fetal anemia with generalized edema (anasarca fetalis). (cleverlysmart.com)
  • Congenital heart disease is often said to be a cause of nonimmune hydrops fetalis and antenatal closure of the foramen ovale is the cardiac abnormality most frequently reported in association with hydrops. (nih.gov)
  • The more severe congenital form of type II sialidosis has onset in utero and results in hydrops fetalis , hepatomegaly, and either still birth or death within a period of months. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical phenotype and severity of symptoms vary greatly and include nonimmune hydrops fetalis in utero, scarring and deformities, hemolytic anemia, corneal scarring, and blindness. (standardofcare.com)
  • The phenotypic spectrum, however, is broad and ranges from non-immune hydrops fetalis in utero to late-onset disease with only mild cutaneous manifestations in adulthood. (porphyriafoundation.org)
  • Severe nonimmune hydrops secondary to parvovirus B-19 infection: Spontaneous reversal in utero and survival of a term infant. (omeka.net)
  • In the UC San Francisco-led study, scientists used a technique called exome sequencing to identify genetic diseases as the underlying cause in 37 of 127 cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF), a life-threatening condition in which the fetus is overloaded with fluid. (ucsf.edu)
  • Exome Sequencing for Prenatal Diagnosis in Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis. (ucdavis.edu)
  • A baby girl was born at 37 weeks by urgent cesarean delivery due to concerns for hydrops fetalis on prenatal ultrasound. (longdom.org)
  • The prenatal diagnosis of hydrops fetalis is achieved by ultrasound, which demonstrates the skin edema and/or fluid accumulations in serous cavities of the fetus (abdominal ascites, pleural and/or pericardial effusion). (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Although polyhydramnios defined by an amniotic fluid index above 24 cm is associated in 30%-75% of cases with nonimmune hydrops,4,5 the amniotic sac should not be considered as one of the compartments for the diagnosis of hydrops, because the pathophysiological mechanisms of the occurrence of polyhydramnios can differ from those leading to an increased rate of interstitial fluid accumulation causing hydrops fetalis and placentae. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Isolated congenital ascites is usually considered as part of the clinical picture of hydrops fetalis, in which the severity of peripheral edema is of a mild degree and ascites is the dominant clinical sign[ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some series of nonimmune hydrops also include cases of isolated pleural effusion, abdominal ascites, or generalized skin edema, because fluid accumulation in one site may represent an early stage of a disease that may lead to fluid accumulation in several sites at a more advanced stage, especially in diseases known to result in generalized hydrops fetalis. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Hydrops fetalis is a serious, life-threatening condition in which a fetus or newborn has an abnormal buildup of fluids in the tissue around the lungs, heart, or abdomen, or under the skin. (healthline.com)
  • Hydrops has been produced in the ovine fetus by anemia, tachyarrhythmia, occlusion of lymphatic drainage, and obstruction of cardiac venous return. (medscape.com)
  • Severe cases of Rh incompatibility can lead to hydrops fetalis. (healthline.com)
  • We present a case of intrauterine infection with parvovirus B-19 and accompanying severe nonimmune hydrops at 26 weeks' gestation. (omeka.net)
  • In order to examine the role of congenital heart disease in hydrops, and, in particular, that of antenatal closure of the foramen ovale, we reviewed all autopsy cases with hydrops fetalis over an 11 year period and compared cardiac anomalies with those of nonhydropic controls. (nih.gov)
  • The incidence of various congenital heart malformations was not significantly different among these groups, suggesting that factors in addition to cardiac anomalies must be considered in the pathogenesis of nonimmune hydrops fetalis. (nih.gov)
  • Even with treatment, more than half of babies with hydrops fetalis will die shortly before or after delivery. (healthline.com)
  • Hydrops fetalis often results in death of the infant shortly before or after delivery. (checkorphan.org)
  • Furthermore, hydrops may even be associated with oligohydramnios, for example, in some preterminal fetuses with Turner syndrome or in cases with intrauterine cytomegaloviral infection. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • The mechanism contributing to the development of hydrops fetalis in storage diseases may involve the obstruction of venous blood return resulting from visceromegaly secondary to accumulation of storage material[ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Placentomegaly indicating hydrops placentae can be diagnosed if the placental thickness, from chorionic plate to base, increases by 4 cm or more in the second trimester and by 6 cm or more in the third trimester. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • In some cases, the cause of hydrops fetalis isn't known. (healthline.com)
  • Before routine immunization of Rh-negative mothers, most cases of hydrops were due to erythroblastosis from Rh alloimmunization. (medscape.com)
  • The purpose of this work is to report four cases, which have in common a transient hydrops fetalis, normal appearance in the postnatal period and progressive deterioration with time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonimmune hydrops fetalis: Genetic analysis and clinical outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 3 ] These results suggest that hypoalbuminemia is unlikely the sole cause for the primary onset of hydrops. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrops fetalis usually can't be treated during the pregnancy. (healthline.com)
  • Few conditions associated with nonimmune hydrops fetalis have had a demonstrable causal relationship. (nih.gov)